大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)-123(總分100,考試時(shí)間90分鐘)ReadingComprehensionA"memorypill"thatcouldaidexamrevisionandhelptopreventpeopleforgettingimportantanniversariesmaysoonbeavailableoverthecounter.ThemedicinehasbeendesignedoriginallytohelptreatAlzheimer"sdisease,adiseasemarkedbyprogressivelossofmentalcapacityresultingfromdegenerationofthebraincells,butcouldbeadaptedandlicensedforsaleinaweakerformwithinthenextfewyears.Onebrandofmemory-enhancingpillisbeingdevelopedbythe**panyAstraZenecaincollaborationwithTargacept,an**pany,whileEpixPharmaceuticals,alsofromtheUS,isdevelopinganother.Bothhave"cognitive-enhancingeffects"whichareaimedattreatingpatientswithage-relatedmemoryloss.StevenFerris,aneurologistand**mitteememberoftheFoodandDrugAdministrationintheUS,haspredictedthatamilderversionwillbeavailableforhealthyconsumersasa"lifestylepill"availableoverthecounter.DrFerrissaid:"Myviewisthatonecouldgainapproval,providedyoushowedthedrugstobeeffectiveandsafe.Itcouldbeahugemarket."Thereisevidencethatmind-improvingdrugsarealreadybeingtakeninBritainbyhealthyusers.Provigil,whichwasusedtotreatnarcolepsy,isbeingtakenbysomestudentstohelpthemstayawake,whileAdderallXRandRitalin,treatmentsforattentiondeficitdisorder,arebeingusedtohelppromoteconcentration.AspokesmanofAdderallXRsaid:"Wegetalotofcallsfromcollegecampusesaskingaboutit"."Therearerisksthough.Itcanraisebloodpressure,peopleshouldn"tdoit."TheDepartmentofHealthsaiditwasnotillegaltobuythemedicinesovertheInternet,butitwasnotrecommended.BarbaraSahakian,professorofclinicalneuropsychologyatCambridge,said:"It"shardtoquantifythescaleofthephenomenonbutit"sdefinitelycatchingon.""Therealityiswearenotalwaysatourbest.Afterbeingupatnightlookingafterthekidsortravelling,manypeoplewouldlovetohavesomethingtorefreshthem.It"snotprohibitedtodrinkRedBull.Theprinciplewithcognitionenhancersisnotsodifferent."1.The"memorypill",asismentionedinthefirstparagraph,isnotsoldoverthecounternowmainlybecause______.A.itisnotsafeenoughB.itisnotefficientenoughC.ithasnotyetbeenmass-producedD.ithasnotyetbeentestedonhumans2.EpixPharmaceuticalsisdevelopingamemory-enhancingpillfor______.A.adolescentsB.middle-agedpeopleC.seniorcitizensD.pupilsandstudents3.ItispredictedbyDr.Ferristhatwhenthememorypillisavailableoverthecounter,itwillbe______.A.effective B.essentialforhealthC.necessaryforlife D.popular4.WhatdowelearnaboutthemanufacturersofAdderallXR?A.Theywereproudthattheirdrugwaspopularwithcollegestudents.B.Theydevelopedamilderversionofthedrugforhealthypeople.C.Theysuggestedthatcollegestudentsshouldnotusethedrug.D.Theyproducedthedrugforhelpingpromoteconcentration.5.AccordingtoBarbaraSahakian,RedBull______.A.isnotaseffectiveasitisinrealityB.isabletorestorepeople"senergyC.involvesasmuchriskascognitionenhancersD.hasthesameeffectascognitionenhancersInamomentofpersonalcrisis,howmuchhelpcanyouexpectfromaNewYorktaxidriver?Ibeganstudyingthisquestionandfoundtheanswersinteresting.OnemorningIgotintothreedifferenttaxisandannounced,"Well,it"smyfirstdaybackinNewYorkinsevenyears.I"vebeeninprison."Notasingledriverreplied,soItriedagain."Yeah,IshotamaninReno."Iexplained,hopingthedriverwouldaskmewhy,butnobodyasked.TheonlyresponsecamefromaGhanaiandriver,"Reno?ThatisinNevada?"TaxidriverswereuniformlysympatheticwhenIsaidI"djustbeenfired."ThisisAmerica,"aHaitiandriversaid."Onedoorisclosed.Anotherisopen."Hearguedagainstmyplantoburndownmyboss"shouse.APakistanidrivereventurneddownachancetoprofitfrommylossofhope;herefusedtotakemetothemiddleoftheGeorgeWashingtonBridge—a$20trip."Whyyouwanttogothere?Gohomeandrelax.Don"tworry.Takeanewjob."OneveryhotweekdayinJuly,whilewearingaredskimaskandholdingastuffedpillowcasewiththeword"BANK"onit,Itriedcallingataxifivetimesoutsidedifferentbanks.Thedriverpickedmeupeverytime.MyridewithaHaitiandriverwastypicalofthesuperbassistanceIreceived."Let"sgoacrossthepark."Isaid."Ijustrobbedthebankthere.Igot$25,000.""$25,000?"heasked."Yeah,youthinkitwaswrongtotakeit?""No,man.Iwork8hoursandIdon"tmakealmost$70.IfIcandothat,Idoittoo."Asweapproached86thandLexington,IpointedtotheChemicalBank."Hey,there"sanotherbank,"Isaid,"CouldyouwaithereaminutewhileIgoinside?""No,Ican"twait.Paymenow."Hisreluctancemayhavehadsomethingtodowithmoney—taxidriversthinktherateforwaitingtimeistoolow—butIthinkhewantedmetolearnthatevenabankrobbercan"texpectunconditionalsupport.6.FromtheGhanaiandriver"sresponse,wecaninferthat______.A.hewasindifferenttothekillingB.hewasafraidoftheauthorC.helookeddownupontheauthorD.hethoughttheauthorwascrazy7.WhydidthePakistanidriverrefusetotaketheauthortothemiddleoftheGeorgeWashingtonBridge?A.Becausehewasabletohelptheauthortofindanewjob.B.Becausehewantedtogohomeandrelax.C.Becauseitwasfarawayfromhishome.D.Becausehethoughtthattheauthor**mitsuicide.8.Whatistheauthor"sinterpretationofthedriver"sreluctance"towaitoutsidetheChemicalBank"?A.Thedriverthoughtthattherateforwaitingtimewastoolow.B.Thedriverthoughtitwrongtosupportataxiriderunconditionally.C.Thedriverwasfrightenedandwantedtoleavehimassoonaspossible.D.Thedriverdidnotwanttohelpasuspecttoescapefromabankrobbery.9.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutNewYorktaxidrivers?A.Theyarereadytohelpyoudowhateveryouwantto.B.Theyrefusetopickupthosewhowouldkillthemselves.C.Theyaresympatheticwiththosewhoareoutofwork.D.Theyworkonlyformoney.10.Thepassagemainlydiscusses______.A.howtopleasetaxiridersB.howtodealwithtaxiridersC.theattitudesoftaxidriverstowardsridersinpersonaltroubleD.theattitudesoftaxidriverstowardstroublesometaxiridersDivorcedoesn"tnecessarilymakeadultshappy.Buttoughingitoutinanunhappymarriageuntilitturnsaroundjustmightdo,anewstudysays.Theresearchidentifiedhappyandunhappyspouses,culled(選出)fromanationaldatabase.Oftheunhappypartnerswhodivorced,abouthalfwerehappyfiveyearslater.Butunhappyspouseswhostuckitoutoftendidbetter.Abouttwo-thirdswerehappyfiveyearslater.Studyresultscontradictwhatseemstobecommonsense,saysDavidBlankenhornoftheInstituteforAmericanValues,athink-tankonthefamily.TheinstitutehelpedsponsortheresearchteambasedattheUniversityofChicago.FindingswillbepresentedinArlington,Va.,atthe"SmartMarriage"conference,sponsoredbytheCoalitionforMarriage,FamiliesandCouplesEducation.Thestudylookedatdataon5,232marriedadultsfromtheNationalSurveyofFamiliesandHouseholds.Itincluded645whowereunhappy.Theadultsinthenationalsamplewereanalyzedthrough13measuresofpsychologicalwell-being.Withinthefiveyears,167oftheunhappyweredivorcedorseparatedand478stayedmarried.Divorcedidn"treducesymptomsofdepression,raiseself-esteemorincreaseasenseof**paredwiththosewhostayedmarried,thereportsays.Resultswerecontrolledforfactorsincludingrace,age,genderandincome.Stayingmarrieddidnottendtotrapunhappyspousesinviolentrelationships.Whathelpedtheunhappymarriedturnthingsaround?Tosupplementtheformalstudydata,theresearchteamaskedprofessionalfirmstorecruitfocusgroupstotaling55adultswhowere"marriagesurvivors".Allhadmovedfromunhappytohappymarriages.These55once-discontentedmarriedfelttheirunionsgotbetterviaoneofthreeroutes,thereportsays:Maritalendurance."Withtime,jobsituationsimproved,childrengotolderorbetter,orchronicongoingproblemsgotputintonewperspective."Partnersdidnotworkontheirmarriages.Maritalwork.Spousesactivelyworked"tosolveproblems,changebehavioror**munication".Personalchange.Partnersfound"alternativewaystoimprovetheirownhappinessandbuildagoodandhappylifedespiteamediocremarriage."Ineffect,theunhappypartnerchanged.11.AccordingtoDavidBlankenhorn,**monlybelievethat______.A.divorceisabettersolutiontoanunhappymarriagethanstayingtogetherB.divorceisnotnecessarilytheonlysolutiontoanunhappymarriageC.keepinganunhappymarriageneedsmuchcourageandenduranceD.toendanunhappymarriageornotisatoughdecisionforthespouses12.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheresearchunderdiscussion?A.ItwasconductedbytheInstitutefortheAmericanValuesheadedbyDavidBlankenhorn.B.ItwassponsoredbytheCoalitionforMarriage,FamiliesandCouplesEducation.C.ItssubjectswerechosenfromanationaldatabasebasedattheUniversityofChicago.D.Itsreportwillbeincludedinthescheduleofthe"SmartMarriage"conference.13.The13measuresofpsychologicalwell-beingareusedto______.A.serveasthestandardsforchoosingthesubjectsoftheresearchB.serveasthewaystohelpadultstogetovertheirunhappymarriageC.examineallthe5,232marriedadultsD.examinealltheadultsinthedatabase14.Theauthor"sattitudetowardsdivorcemaybestbedescribedas"______".A.critical B.impersonalC.arbitrary D.scornful15.Accordingtothereport,thoseunhappily-weddedmaynotsurvivetheirmarriageby______.A.waitingforthelivingconditionstogetimprovedB.achievingchildren"sunderstandingC.changingtheirownattitudetowardsmediocremarriagesD.workingontheirproblemsand**municationDidyouknowthatallhumanbeingshavea"comfortzone"regulatingthedistancetheystandfromsomeonewhentheytalk?Thisdistancevariesininterestingwaysamongpeopleofdifferentcultures.Greeks,othersoftheEasternMediterranean,andmanyofthosefromSouthAmericanormallystandquiteclosetogetherwhentheytalk,oftenmovingtheirfacesevencloserastheywarmupinaconversation.NorthAmericansfindthisawkwardandoftenbackawayafewinches.Studieshavefoundthattheytendtofeel**fortableatabout12inchesapart.InmuchofAsiaandAfrica,thereisevenmorespacebetweentwospeakersinconversation.Thisgreaterspacesubtlylendsanairofdignityandrespect.Thismannerofspaceisnearlyalwaysunconscious,butitisinterestingtoobserve.Thisdifferenceappliesalsototheclosenesswithwhichpeoplesittogether,theextenttowhichtheyleanoveroneanotherinconversation,howtheymoveastheyargueormakeanemphaticpoint.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,peopletrytokeeptheirbodiesaparteveninacrowdedelevator;inParistheytakeitasitcomes.AlthoughNorthAmericanshavearelativelywide"comfortzone"fortalking,**municateagreatdealwiththeirhands—notonlywithgesturebutalsowithtouch.Theyputasympathetichandonaperson"sshouldertodemonstratewarmthoffeelingoranarmaroundhiminsympathy;theynudgeamanintheribstoemphasizeafunnyjoke;ortheypatanarminreassurance.Tomanypeople—especiallythosefromAsiaortheMoslemcountries—suchbodilycontactis**e,especiallyifinadvertently(不注意地)donewiththelefthand.(ThelefthandcarriesnospecialsignificanceintheU.S.ManyAmericansaresimplyleft-hand