連詞&從句&句子種類連詞&從句&句子種類PresentationPresentation連詞并列連詞從屬連詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞一、并列連詞關(guān)系連詞用法舉例并列and并且，和連接單詞MybrotherandIstudyinthesameschool.連接短語Ourknowledgeesfromthebooksandfrompractice.連接句子Wearesingingandtheyaredancing.notonly…butalso…不但…而且…并列主，謂，賓，表及句子。主語并列時，謂語要就近一致。NotonlyhebutalsoIamateacher.Hecannotonlyswim,butalsodive.aswellas以及，同樣并列單詞，短語，句子。并列主語時，動詞要隨前面的主語變化。HeaswellasIworksinthispany.Sheisagoodsingeraswellasaniceteacher.both…and…既…又…并列主、謂、賓、表。主語并列時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Icanplaybothfootballandbasketball.BothMrWangandMrHanareteachers.neither…nor…既不…也不…并列主謂賓表。主語并列時，謂語要就近一致。NeitheryounorhespeaksEnglish.Itisneitherhotinsummer,norcoldinwinterhere.轉(zhuǎn)折but但是常用nothingbut表示“除了，只有”的含義。Ihaveapenbutnopencil.Ididnothingbutwatchit.while然而表示前后兩種截然不同的情況的對比。Inthisarea,thedayshortwhilethenightisverylong.yet但是表示“然而，可是”Theytriedhard,yettheystillfailed.選擇or或者，否則表示否則時，后面跟的分句表示與前面分句相反的結(jié)果。Hurryuporyouwillbelate.Willyougotherebybusorbycar?either…or…或…或…主語并列時謂語要就近一致。Eithereinorgoout.EitheryouorIamwrong.因果so所以不和because連用It’safinedaytoday,soIdecidetowashmyclothes.for因?yàn)楸硎竞竺娴木渥邮窃騂eisgoodatmathsforhestudiesharderthanothers.二、從屬連詞1. 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的從屬連詞連詞用法及說明舉例that無實(shí)際含義，口語中常省略Hesaidthathehadboughtanewhouse.whether意為“是否”，引導(dǎo)詞后出現(xiàn)or,ornot或“引導(dǎo)詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)時，只能用whether.Ihaven’tdecidedwhetherIwillgothereornot.if意為“是否”，?？膳cwhether互換使用。Ihaven’tdecidedif/whetherIwillgothere.Iwonderif/whetherhecouldgetonwellwithhisclassmates.直接引語和間接引語當(dāng)直接引語是陳述句時，say變?yōu)閟aythat，而saytosb.則變成tellsb.當(dāng)直接引語是一般疑問句和特殊疑問句時，則要變?yōu)閍sk(sb.)+if/whether或askedsb.+what等特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的句子間接引語一般要用陳述句語序MrBlacksays,“I’mbusy.”—MrBlacksaysthatheisbusy.“I’llgotoyourfarmtomorrow.”hesaystoher.Hetellsherthathewillgotoherfarmtomorrow.HeasksLucy,“Wheredidyougo?”—HeasksLucywhereshewent.Hesays,“Areyouready?”—Heasksusif/whetherweareready.Theysay,“Wewillgotherebybus.”—Theysaythattheywillgotherebybus.補(bǔ)充：直接引語與間接引語之間的時態(tài)關(guān)系規(guī)則舉例一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時“Iamverygladtovisityourschool.”Shesaid.Shesaidshewasverygladtovisitourschool.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時Motherasked,“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.一般將來時過去將來時Heaskedtheconductor,“WhereshallIgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus?”HeaskedtheconductorwherehewouldgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus.一般過去時過去完成時“Whydidsherefusetogothere?”theteacherasked.Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.過去完成時不變Motheraskedme,“Hadyoufinishedyourhomework?”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.過去進(jìn)行時不變Tomsaid,“Wewerehavingafootballmatchthistimeyesterday.”Tomsaidthattheywerehavingafootballmatchthattimethedaybefore.客觀事實(shí)時態(tài)不變Theytoldtheirson,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”Theytoldtheirsonthattheearthgoesroundthesun.2. 引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞從句引導(dǎo)詞用法舉例時間狀語從句whenwhileas從句動詞為延續(xù)性動詞時，when,while,as可以互換。when從句既可指時間點(diǎn)，也可指一段時間，可以表示比從句早，晚或同時發(fā)生的動作。while表示時間段，從句的謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞。as強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動作同時發(fā)生，有“隨著…”“一邊…一邊…”之意。When/While/Asweweredancing,astrangercamein.Whenhehadfinishedhishomework,hetookashortrest.WhileIgottotheairport,theguestshadleft.Asspringwarmstheearth,allflowersbegintobloom.since意為“自從…以來”，從句常用一般過去時，主句多用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般現(xiàn)在時。ItistwoyearssinceIbecameanengineer.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.assoonas表示主句的動作緊跟在從句的動作之后，意為“一…就”…assoonas從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。Assoonassheheardthenews,shejumpedwithjoy.IwillwritetoyouassoonasIarrivehome.beforeafterbefore表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句動作之前，after表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后。AllthebirdsflewawaybeforeIstartedtofire.Hearrivedafterthegamestarted.until/till如果主句動詞為延續(xù)性動詞，則常用肯定式，表示“直到…為止”，如果主句動詞為瞬間動詞，則常用否定式，表示“直到…才”Wewaiteduntil/tillhecameback.Ididn’tleavetheboyuntilhismothertunedup.bythetime表示直到某一時間點(diǎn)為止，主句常用完成時。Bythetimehewas12,hehadtravelledtomorethan30countries.BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft.目的狀語從句sothat意為“為了，以便”引導(dǎo)的從句一般位于句末。BringitclosersothatIcanseeitbetter.Let’stakethefrontseatssothatwemayseemoreclearly.inorderthat意為“為了，以便”引導(dǎo)的從句可位于句末，也可位于句首。Ileftat6:00inorderthatIcouldcatchthetrain.Shedresseslikethisinorderthateveryonewillnoticeher.結(jié)果狀語從句so…thatso后面多接形容詞或副詞，及含有many,much,few,little的名詞短語。Itwassohotthatwewantedtogoswimming.Itwassodarkthatwecouldn’tseethefacesofhisfriends.such…thatsuch后面接名詞短語，單數(shù)名詞前須又不定冠詞a或an.Sheissuchagoodteacherthatallthestudentslikeher.Thesearesuchheavyboxesthatnobodycanmovethemaway.原因狀語從句becausebecause表示直接原因常用于回答why的提問，一般置于主句之后。Hesoldthecarbecauseitwastoosmall.Whyissheabsent?Becausesheissick.sincesince表示顯然的或已為人知的理由，通常置于句首。Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.Sinceyouhavenolicense,youarenotallowedtodrive.asas多用于口語中，表示的原因是雙方已知的事實(shí)或顯而易見的，或者理由不是很重要，多置于句首。AsLucywasnotready,wewentwithouther.AsIhadacold,Iwasabsentfromschool.讓步狀語從句thoughalthough兩詞意思相近，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句可以互換，although較正式。兩詞不能與but連用，但主句部分可以有still,yet等詞。Although/Thoughtheyarepoor,theyarehappy.Although/Thoughheisold,hestillworkshard.Iwillgoalthough/thoughitsnows.PresentationPresentation句子種類陳述句一般疑問句特殊疑問句選擇疑問句祈使句反意疑問句感嘆句一、陳述句形式謂語是be動詞謂語是行為動詞肯定句TimisanAmericanboy.MyunclelivesinEngland.否定句Timisn’tanAmericanboy.Myuncledoesn’tliveinEngland.特別注意：注意事項(xiàng)舉例both,both…and…,all變?yōu)閚eitherof,neither…nor…,noneofBothofusarestudents.—Neitherofusisastudent.BothJimandMarycansingthissong.NeitherJimnorMarycansingthissong.Allofthemwentthere.Noneofthemwentthere.every,some的合成詞變?yōu)閚oEverythingisready.Nothingisready.Thereissomethingwrongwiththeradio.Thereisnothingwrongwiththeradio.always,ever變?yōu)閚everHeisalwayslateforschool.Heisneverlateforschool.nearly,almost變?yōu)閔ardlyLilynearlyknowshim.Lilyhardlyknowshim.We’vealmostfinished.We’vehardlyfinished.二、一般疑問句類別舉例be+主語+其他成分IsTimanAmericanboy?Yes,heis.Wereyouathomelastnight?No,Iwasn’t.助動詞+主語+動詞+其他成分Doesthemachinework?Yes,itdoes.MustIhandinthereporttoday?No,youneedn’t.三、特殊疑問句類別舉例疑問代詞+系動詞+主語…?Whoistheboyingreen?What’syourfather?疑問代詞+動詞+其他成分…?Whocansingthesong?Whoteachesyoumaths?疑問代詞+助動詞+主語+動詞…？Whatdoyouusuallydoafterschool?Whatwouldyoulikefordinnertonight?疑問副詞+助動詞+主語+動詞…?Wheredoessheusuallyhavelunch?WhenwillyouebackfromShanghai?四、選擇疑問句類別舉例一般疑問句+or+選擇的部分？Doyouwanttohavesomecoffeeormilk?Coffee,please.特殊疑問句+AorB?Whogetsupearlier,yourfatheroryourmother?Myfathergetsupearlier.五、祈使句類別肯定否定行為動詞引導(dǎo)Turntopage5.Openthewindow,please.Don’trun.Don’topenthewindow,please.Let引導(dǎo)Let’sLet’stalkaboutit.Let’snotstop!Let+賓語Letmego!Letitbe!隨它去Don’tletmedown!別讓我失望。Don’tlethimescape!六、反意疑問句主句附加問句肯定句助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞的否定形式+主語Thegirlwenttoschoollateyesterday,didn’tshe?否定句普通否定句，即有don’t,won’t,haven’t等助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞的肯定形式+主語Simondoesn’tknowLinda,doeshe?YouhaveneverbeentoSichuan,haveyou?表示否定意義的肯定句，即有never,seldom,hardly,few,little,nobody等否定意義的詞。祈使句普通動詞引導(dǎo)…willyou?Openthewindow,willyou?Don’tbelateagain,willyou?Let’s引導(dǎo)的祈使句…shallwe?Let’sgohome,shallwe?Letus引導(dǎo)…willyou?Lethergo,willyou?七、感嘆句類別舉例由what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句What+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(+主語+謂語)Whatanicebikeitis!What+不可數(shù)名詞(+主語+謂語)Whatusefulinformationitis!What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(+主語+謂語)Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!由how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句How+形容詞/副詞(+主語+謂語)Howcolditistoday!How+陳述句(+主語+謂語)Howweenjoyedourselves!PracticePractice連詞&從句Choosethebestanswer.(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?( )1. Thesunisnotaverybigstar,______itmakesourlivespossible.A.and B.but C.or D.so( )2. Billputhishandsbehindhisback,______nobodycouldseehishands. A.and B.but C.or D.so( )3. Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee______shallwegodowntobusiness? A.and B.but C.or D.so( )4. WhatdoyouthinkofthebookaboutHarryPotter?Ilikeitverymuch.It’s______interesting______exciting. A.neither,nor B.not,but C.notonly,butalso D.either,or( )5. Mygrandfathercould______read______writebecausehewastoopoortogotoschoolintheolddays. A.either,or B.neither,nor C.both,and D.notonly,butalso( )6. Mr.SmithesfromAustralia,buthehasworkedinChinaforfiveyears.Soyoucantalkwithhim______. A.eitherinEnglishorinChinese B.notinChinesebutinEnglish C.justinEnglish,notinChinese D.neitherinChinesenorinEnglish( )7. ______Tom______LiLeilikeplayingfootball. A.Both,and B.Either,or C.Neither,nor D.Notonly,butalso( )8. Thestoryishardtounderstand______therearenonewwordsinit. A.but B.so C.though D.because( )9. Youshouldmakeagoodplan______youdoanythingimportant.A.before B.after C.though D.until( )10. Youcan’tcatchupwithothers______youworkhard. A.until B.after C.unless D.when( )11. Howdidyoutrytogettoschoolontime______youmissedtheschoolbus? A.when B.if C.once D.that( )12. It’saseriousproblem.Wecan’tdecide______MrHarrisesback. A.while B.since C.until D.so( )13. ______theyarrivedearlyattheairport,theynearlymissedtheirflight. A.If B.Because C.Assoonas D.Although( )14. Over400millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavevisitedDisneylandinAmerica______itopenedinJuly1955. A.after B.before C.since D.until( )15. PerhapsI’mgoingtothemarket.Wouldyougetmesomejuice______you’rethere? A.unless B.as C.before D.after( )16. DidyoucallSaraback?Ididn’tneedto,______we’llhaveameetingtogethertonight. A.though B.unless C.because D.if( )17. ______youhavemadeupyourmindtoloseweight,you’dbettereatlessintheevening. A.Nowthat B.Although C.Unless D.Until( )18. Themountainis_____dangerousandhigh_____fewpeoplehaveeverreacheditstop. A.so,that B.such,that C.very,and D.so,but( )19. Shedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday,_____shehadhurtherlegswhileclimbingthemountain. A.but B.however C.or D.for( )20. Tomworksveryhard,______hisfamilyisstillverypoor. A.yet B.for C.so D.and( )21. LiLeipassedhisfatherthiscup______askedforsomemoretea. A.but B.and C.of D.if( )22. Gostraightalongthestreet,turntotheleftattheendofthestreetand______you’llfindthepostoffice★ A.then B.so C.but D.yet( )23. ______youbegin,Ithinkyoumustcontinue. A.When B.Whenever C.Once D.Evenif( )24. Irememberyou______Isawyouattheairport. A.themoment B.while C.after D.once( )25. ______Ilistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble. A.Everytime B.When C.While D.Until( )26. ______JohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewas