專(zhuān)題六介詞1.語(yǔ)法填空。根據(jù)下面短文內(nèi)容和提示,在短文的空格處填上一個(gè)語(yǔ)法最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~,使短文完整、通順。Lucyenjoyedmakingsomeblankets(毛毯)inherfreetime.Shealwayshelpedkids

①

need.

Lucylearnedtosew(縫制)threeyearsago

②

hergrandma.Shemadeablanket

③

afriend’sbirthday.Thefriendlovedthisgiftverymuch.Lucythenthoughtaboutotherkids.Aftertalkingwithoneofherclassmates,shesharedtheidea

④

theInternet.Inafewdays,Lucyreceived16replies.Thesechildrenwerehavingahardtime.

Somewerefighting

⑤

terribleillnesses.Lucydecidedtomakeblankets

⑥

homeforeachofthem.

Lucyhasnowsentmorethan500blanketstokidsin14differentcountries.“Thinkingofthekidsgettingthegiftboxandopeningit,Iamveryexcited,”Lucysaid.Somepeople

⑦

theworldmaybeexperiencingdifficulties,too.Let’shelpthemtogether!

①

in

②

from

③

for

④

on

⑤

against

⑥

at

⑦

in/around

2.知識(shí)回顧。短文中,所填寫(xiě)詞語(yǔ)的詞性是

介詞

,用來(lái)表明名詞、代詞等與句中其他詞的關(guān)系,是虛詞,不能獨(dú)立承擔(dān)句子成分,其后需加

賓語(yǔ)

構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。按照用途可分為

時(shí)間介詞

地點(diǎn)介詞

方位介詞

方式介詞

等?？键c(diǎn)1

時(shí)間介詞1.at,on與in①at用于表示具體時(shí)刻、時(shí)間點(diǎn)或黎明、正午、黃昏、午夜等。

at

8:00在8點(diǎn)

at

breakfast早餐時(shí)

at

noon正午時(shí)

at

midnight在午夜

at

thattime那時(shí)

at

themoment此刻,目前

at

first起初

at

last最后

注意:表示時(shí)間的名詞前有this,

last,

next,

every,

each等修飾時(shí),前面不加介詞。this

afternoon今天下午

last

Friday上周五

next

week下周②on用于具體某一天或具體某一天的早、中、晚。

on

Monday在周一

on

Mondaymorning在周一早晨

on

July10,2022在2022年7月10日

on

acoldnight在一個(gè)寒冷的夜晚

on

Women’sDay在婦女節(jié)

on

thenightofJuly(the)tenth在7月10日的夜晚

③in用于表示世紀(jì)、年、月、季節(jié)、周和早、中、晚(不指具體某一天的早、中、晚)。

in

the21stcentury在二十一世紀(jì)

in

2022在2022年

in

October在10月

in

October,2022在2022年10月

in

autumn在秋季

in

theweek在這周

in

theholiday在假期中

in

themorning在上午

in

theevening在晚上

2.after與in①after+時(shí)間點(diǎn),表示將來(lái)的一段時(shí)間之后,一般用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。如:Myfatherwillbeback

after

10:00.

②after+時(shí)間段,表示過(guò)去的一段時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)的一段時(shí)間以后,一般用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。如:Hecamebackaftersevendays.Theyleft

after

twoweeks.

3.until/till,by與before①u(mài)ntil/till用在肯定句中,意為“直到……為止”,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如:IamreallytiredbecauseIstudieduntilmidnightlastnight.我真的很累,因?yàn)樽蛱焱砩弦恢睂W(xué)習(xí)到半夜。Wewaited

until/till

hecameback.我們一直等到他回來(lái)。

not…until意為“直到……才……”,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如:Hedidn’tturnupuntil11o’clockinthemorning.直到上午11點(diǎn)他才出現(xiàn)。We

didn’t

gotobed

until/till

hecameback.直到他回來(lái),我們才睡覺(jué)。②“by+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示“到……為止”,包括其后的時(shí)間。如果by后跟一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),句子應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí);如果by后是表將來(lái)的時(shí)間,則句子用將來(lái)時(shí)。如:BythetimeIgotup,mysisterhadwashedalltheclothes.到我起床時(shí),我姐姐已經(jīng)洗完了所有的衣服。Wewillreachthetopofthehillby10:00.我們將在10點(diǎn)到達(dá)山頂。③before在某時(shí)之前,不包括某時(shí)。如:YoumustfinishtheworkbeforeSunday.你必須在周日之前完成這項(xiàng)工作。4.since與for①since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句,表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某時(shí)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,常與完成時(shí)連用,對(duì)其提問(wèn)用howlong。Ihavelearned2foreignlanguagessince10yearsold.It’sbeenthreeyearssincewelastsawourprimaryschoolclassmates.He

has

saved

(save)alotoflivessincehebecameadoctor.

②for后跟時(shí)間段,強(qiáng)調(diào)某動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,可與過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)等多種時(shí)態(tài)連用,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,對(duì)其提問(wèn)用howlong。Wehavelivedherefortwoyears.(表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)Wewillstayherefortwoyears.(表示動(dòng)作在將來(lái)要延續(xù)一段時(shí)間)Welivedherefortwoyears.(表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)終結(jié)的一段時(shí)間,與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān))5.in與during①in+時(shí)間段,跟數(shù)字的名詞,不強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)性。Iworkedasawaitressinthesummerholiday.Icanfinishtheworkintwohours.MyfriendwillleaveChongqing

in

2weeks.

②during+時(shí)間段,不能跟表示數(shù)字的名詞,表示“在……期間”,強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)性,可以表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)自始至終的狀態(tài)。Iworkedasawaitress

during

thesummerholiday.

考點(diǎn)2

方位介詞1.常見(jiàn)方位介詞①at:在

小地點(diǎn)

前使用,表示“在……附近”

atthedoor在門(mén)口attheairport在機(jī)場(chǎng)atthetable在桌旁②in:在

大地點(diǎn)

前使用,表示“在……范圍內(nèi)”

inChina在中國(guó)intheworld在世界上inthenorth在北方③on:表示地點(diǎn);意為毗鄰,接壤;表示位置,意為在某物體的上面并接觸Russiais

on

thenorthofChina.

Thepen

on

thedeskismine.

④under:表示在……正下方,不接觸Wejustsat

under

thebigtree.

⑤to:表示在……范圍外,不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否接壤Chongqingis

to

thenorthofGuizhouProvince.

⑥above:表示在……斜上方,不垂直Theplaneisflying

above

ourhead.

⑦over:表示在……的正上方,不接觸Thebridge

over

theriverhasalonghistory.

⑧below:表示在……斜下方,不垂直Theydived

below

thesurfaceoftheriver.

2.常見(jiàn)方位介詞辨析①in/to/onin:在某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)的某方位(所屬關(guān)系)to:在某一地區(qū)之外的某方位(無(wú)所屬關(guān)系,不接壤)on:與某地的毗鄰關(guān)系(無(wú)所屬關(guān)系,接壤)Chongqingis

in

thesouthwestofChina.

Hubeiis

on

thenorthofHunan.

Chinais

to

thewestofJapan.

②between/amongbetween:表示兩者之間Thebuildingisbetweenthesupermarketandtheschool.among:表示三者或三者以上之間Thebuildingisstandingamongthetrees.③across/through/along/pastacross:表示從物體表面穿過(guò)Isawhimgoing

across

thestreetalone.

through:表示從物體內(nèi)部穿過(guò)Thelightgoes

through

thewindow.

along:表示沿著某物Iwalked

along

theriver.

past:表示經(jīng)過(guò)Everydayheruns

past

thecityhall.

④infrontof/inthefrontof/behind/oppositeinfrontof:表示在……的前面/前部(外部)inthefrontof:表示在……的前面/前部(內(nèi)部)Thereisatree

in

front

of

thehouse.

Thereisadesk

in

the

front

of

theclassroom.

behind:表示在……后面,behind是infrontof的反義詞Thereisatree

behind

myhouse.=Thereisatreeatthebackofmyhouse.

opposite:表示在……對(duì)面Ourschoolis

opposite

auniversity.

⑤in/into/outofin:表示在……之內(nèi),用于表示靜止的位置Thestudentsare

in

theclassroom.

into:表示進(jìn)入,有特定運(yùn)動(dòng)方向,常用于表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞之后,如go,walk,run等Hearingthedoorbell,theyrushed

into

theclassroom.

outof:表示一定的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向,表示“從……到外面,離開(kāi);在……范圍之外”Whentheearthquakehappend,thestudentsrushed

out

of

theclassroom.

考點(diǎn)3

其他介詞1.with/in/by①with:表示用某種工具或用身體的某一部位Wesee

with

oureyes,hear

with

ourears,andwalk

with

ourlegs.

②in:表示使用語(yǔ)言、原料、材料等Shewrotealetter

in

blackink.

Canyouspeak

in

English?

③by:表示通過(guò)……方法、手段by+交通工具或表示交通線(xiàn)路的名詞的詞組

by

bicycle/bike

騎自行車(chē)

by

train

坐火車(chē)

by

plane/by

air

乘飛機(jī)

by

sea

經(jīng)海路、乘船

2.but/except/besides①but/except:大部分情況下,二者可通用,表示“除……以外”,其后的賓語(yǔ)被排除在外Nobody

but/except

Peterknowsthesecret.

Igoswimmingeveryday

but/except

Sunday.

②besides:表示“除……以外,還有……”Myteacherhelpslotsofstudents

besides

me.

考點(diǎn)4

介詞常見(jiàn)搭配1.與名詞的搭配(1)介詞(at/in/with/on/to/by)+名詞①atonce

立刻

②

at

work

在上班

③attheageof…

在……歲時(shí)

④

at

first

起先,首先

⑤inpublic

公開(kāi)地

⑥

in

surprise

驚奇地

⑦intime

及時(shí)

⑧

in

danger

在危險(xiǎn)中

⑨

withthehelpof…

在……的幫助下

⑩

with

a

smile

面帶笑容

?

ontheothersideof

在……另一邊

?on

the

radio

通過(guò)收音機(jī)(無(wú)線(xiàn)電廣播)

?onone’swayto

在某人去……的路上

?

on

foot

步行,走路

?toone’sjoy

使某人高興的是

?

to

one’s

surprise

使某人驚訝的是

?bythewindow

在窗邊

?

by

bike/air

騎自行車(chē)/乘飛機(jī)

(2)名詞+介詞(to/for/in)①key

to

……的鑰匙;……的關(guān)鍵

②answer

to

……的答案

③way

to

通向……的路

④visit

to

到……的訪(fǎng)問(wèn)

⑤reason

for

……的原因

⑥interest

in

對(duì)……的興趣

2.與動(dòng)詞的搭配(1)laugh

at

嘲笑

(2)look

at

看

(3)shout

at

對(duì)……叫嚷

(4)arrive

at

到達(dá)(小地點(diǎn))

(5)knock

at

敲

(6)shout

to

對(duì)……喊叫

(7)takepart

in

參加

(8)hand

in

上交

(9)dowell

in

在……學(xué)/做得好

(10)look

for

尋找

(11)pay

for

支付

(12)leavefor

離開(kāi)(去另一個(gè)地方)

(13)agreewith

同意,贊同

(14)catchupwith

趕上;追上

(15)lookforwardto

盼望

(16)talkto

與……談話(huà)

(17)thinkabout

考慮

3.與形容詞的搭配

(1)becarefulabout

小心

(2)besureabout/of

肯定

(3)besurprisedat

對(duì)……吃驚

(4)begoodat

擅長(zhǎng)

(5)begoodfor

對(duì)……有好處

(6)beknownfor

因……而出名

(7)befamousfor

因……而出名

(8)bereadyfor

為……做好了準(zhǔn)備

(9)bestrictwithsb.

對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格

(10)besatisfiedwith

對(duì)……滿(mǎn)意

(11)besorryfor

對(duì)……過(guò)意不去

(12)belatefor

遲到

(13)bedisappointedin

對(duì)……失望

(14)beproudof

為……自豪

(15)betiredof

厭倦

(16)besimilarto

與……相似

(17)befamiliarto

為……所熟悉

Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇。(

A

)1.Wehavehistoryclass

threeo’clockeveryFridayafternoon.(2022·北京)

A.at

B.on

C.in

D.to(

C

)2.Mymotheroftentellsmeit’simpolitetohitanemptybowl

chopsticks.

(2022·四川成都)A.in B.on

C.with

D.by(

C

)3.—What’sthelatestnewsonTV?—YuanLongping,thefather