二十六次

Issuel3/46/70/102/112(Old4+94)教化

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46.Universitiesshouldrequireeverystudenttotakeavarietyofcoursesoutsidethestudenfs

fieldofstudy.高校應(yīng)當(dāng)要求每個(gè)學(xué)生選修自己專業(yè)以外的各種學(xué)科。

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththe

recommendationandexplainyourreasoningforthepositionyoutake.Indevelopingandsupporting

yourposition,describespecificcircumstancesinwhichadoptingtherecommendationwouldor

wouldnotbeadvantageousandexplainhowtheseexamplesshapeyourposition.

〔everysubjectdoesnotexistindependently

對學(xué)好本學(xué)科有說明，因?yàn)閷W(xué)問在邏輯體系上是互通的，各個(gè)學(xué)科之間的互相交織。探討經(jīng)

濟(jì)學(xué)的適當(dāng)學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)問有利于對經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的更深理解，如philosophyisthefoundationofall

subject

達(dá)芬奇DaVinci即是科學(xué)家也是藝術(shù)家，他對人體解剖anatomy的深化理解，才使得他的

油畫特朝美麗，傳而。

Sincevariousdisciplines

wereinterrelated,thestudyofcoursesoutsidethestudents*ownfieldmaybenefitthe

studyof

theirownmajor,如：力學(xué)中的理論可用于美術(shù)；如：公共行政學(xué)生須要理解心理學(xué)、管

理學(xué)、政治學(xué)的開展

2在全球化進(jìn)程的今日，只學(xué)習(xí)某個(gè)專業(yè)內(nèi)的學(xué)問已經(jīng)不能滿意須要了Intoday's

technologicallyadvancedsocietyitisimpossibleforthosewhofocustheirattentiononthe

concerningfieldstosatisfytheneedsforthefuturesociety.

首先，廣泛的學(xué)習(xí)各種學(xué)問可以拓寬視野。(broadenourvision|cultivatefull-blownmarketof

ideas|abroadspectrumofopinions|getclosertothetruth|cometothebestjudgment.)True

educationamountstofarmorethangainingtheknowledgeandabilitytoexcelinone'smajor

courseofstudyandinone'sprofessionalcareer.

其次，可以讓學(xué)生覺察她真正感愛好的探討方向。Byexploringsubjectsoutsidetheirown

major,studentsmayfindnewacademicfieldswherelietheirrealinterestandpotentialgift.

3過分強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)其他學(xué)科的重要性可能會導(dǎo)致學(xué)生無視主要學(xué)問的學(xué)習(xí)

3、但是，不能放棄對主要科目的深化探討，這也是高校設(shè)置major的目的所在，淺嘗輒止

besatisfiedwithasmatteringofknowledge

undulyemphasizetheimportanceofstudyingthecourseoutsidermay

leadthestudentsneglectingtheknowledgeofcertainfieldsofstudy,andtherebyhave

nocapabilitytoengageanyrealmofemploymentorresearchwork.Ontheotherhand,

compelstudenttoplacemostoftheattentionsontheprofessionalfieldsalsomayfallsinto

anotherextremeandeventuallymakethestudentsimpossibletocatchupwiththe

developmentofthescienceandtechnology

■二次

Issue28/85/94/113/120/121/127/145/147

(Old170)社會

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28.Thesurestindicatorofagreatnationisrepresentednotbytheachievementsofitsrulers,

artists,orscientists,butbythegeneralwelfareofitspeople.一個(gè)國家的宏大表達(dá)在國民的安樂

上，而不是表達(dá)在統(tǒng)治者、藝術(shù)家或科學(xué)家的成就上。Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscussthe

extenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththestatementandexplainyourreasoningforthe

positionyoutake.Indevelopingandsupportingyourposition,youshouldconsiderwaysinwhich

thestatementmightormightnotholdtrueandexplainhowtheseconsiderationsshapeyour

position.

1、確定宏大國家的第?要素是人民生活好福利好theoverridingimDeratiygofanydemggratic

stateistoenhancethegeneralwelfareof依dtizennGreatnationfr-kL

〕Thewelfareofthepeople,

includingthelivingconditions,thesocialsecuritysystemandthecharityofdeveloped

人民生活都保障不了的國家確定不宏大，即使elite有成就也毫無意義

ForexamplelwehavetoadmitthatitisfastdevelopmentofIndiaduringthepast

centuryandevenithasownin|■However,focusingonhightechnology

andweapondoesnotamelioratethesituationthatmuchIndiansarestillliyinqinthelowest

levelofSociety.AndThepeaceisstilladreaminthiscountrybecauseofdivergencebetween

peopleinreligionandnation.Indiacannotbecalledagreatnation.

2、社會叫素

(a)Scientificandtechnologicalachievementsserveinthefirstplaceto

enhanceanation'sgeneralwelfare.(Advanceinmedicaltreatment,transportation,

communication,etc)

(b)Artisticachievementscouldnotbeneglected,though.Theyhelpto

makeanationabetterplacetoreside.(Provideinspiration,lifepeople'sspiritand

bringaboutcreativityandimagination,allofwhichspurustomakemore

accomplishments.)

(c)Themilitaryanddiplomaticaccomplishmentofitsleaderscouldneitherbeignored

intheGeneralwHfareofanation.(TheWarofIndependence)

宏大國家中的統(tǒng)治者、藝術(shù)家、科學(xué)家要為人民謀福利

Fortherulersorthepoliticians,theyshouldimprovepeople'slivingstandards,safeguard

thenation'sintegrityandpeople'ssafety,inaword,theyshouldmaketheirnation

morestable,peace,andprosperous;Withrespecttoartists,theyshouldexerttheircreativity

andimaginationtomakemoreclassicartworksinordertoreflecttheinnerconnotations

andimpulseofasocietyandultimatelyimprovepeople'sspirituallifeandbringwiththem

entertainment;Whenitcomestoscientists,whattheyshouldistomaketheresearchresults

conducetopeople'sstudy,life,andworkwhileavoidthepotentialnegativeimpactstheir

researchmayproduce.

Issue16/50/86/114/115(Old54)歷史

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86.Somepeoplebelievethatgovernmentofficialsmustcarryoutthewillofthepeoplethey

serve.Othersbelievethatofficialsshouldbasetheirdecisionsontheirownjudgment.

有些人認(rèn)為政府官員應(yīng)當(dāng)遵從群眾的意愿。也有人認(rèn)為政府官員依靠自己的推斷做確

7E.。

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhichviewmorecloselyalignswithyourownposition

andexplainyourreasoningforthepositionyoutake.Indevelopingandsupportingyourposition,

youshouldaddressbothoftheviewspresented.

1、不能盲目的堅(jiān)持，假設(shè)我們堅(jiān)持的東西是錯(cuò)誤的話，否那么必將走向失??；如：希特勒

Blindadherenceindicatesnothingbutignoranceandimprecise,whichisasignof

foolishstubbornness:

(a)Causeself-complacencewhichleadstotheneglectofone'sdefects.

(b)Ifeveryonestickstohisorherbeliefs,thatwouldcausetheconflictsin

ourdailylife.

Themostegregiousexampleto川ustratethispointinvolvesHitler,whosebelief

thattheJewspresentedpotentialharmtohimandhiscountrymenwascompletelyridiculous

andfantastic,whichultimatelyresultedinthetragicmasspersecutionandevengenocide.

2、有時(shí)，為了成功我們也須要短暫的妥協(xié)；如臥薪嘗膽的故事，就是在力氣弱的時(shí)候妥協(xié)

爭取生存和開展的時(shí)機(jī)，以期盼日后的崛起

LongmarchofChinesearmy

Chinesegreatleader—XiaopingDengarefamousfornotonlygreatcontributiontothe

foundingofPeople'sRepublicofchinabutalsohisunprecedentedstratagemofreform.His

theoryofreformisbasedontheobjectiveobservationofthedevelopingtrendonthewhole

worldandthemasses'willofandobviousefficiencyuponthesituationofchina.

3、堅(jiān)持信念可以走向成功

Onlythroughfirmadherencetosomeofone'sbeliefscouldonemakeunique

accomplishments,especiallywhenyouareonlyonestepawayfromthetruth,

compromisemeanstotalfailure.(MartinLutherKing,TheindependenceofAmerica,

Copernicus)

MaryCurieadheretoherbelief;Beethoven;heronKellerMarieCurie'sbelief-theremust

besomenewmatterwiththefeatureofradioactiveconcealingintheindustrialwastes-had

enabledhertoworkarduouslyandtenaciously,andeventuallygivenbirthtothediscovery

ofRadium,whichwanMarieCurietheNobelPrizeandmeanwhilecontributed

significantlytotheprogressofmedicalscience.

3.Blindcompromiseisalsodetrimental:

(a)Concerningthedecentinterestsofacountry

(b)Theloyaltytotruthandtherespectforindividualselfaswellasthe

society.

①通常政治家是theoutstandingindividualsinthesociety.如：Roosevelt在經(jīng)濟(jì)危

機(jī)時(shí)能剛好挽救美國

②不能保證政治家做出的決策總是對的。A理論上說，他們可能為了自己的私利。B

事實(shí)上說，歷史上有很多例子，關(guān)于政治家作了錯(cuò)誤決策的。Theculturalrevolution

③不能無視一般人群的推斷力和決策，尤其在一個(gè)民主國家，因?yàn)檎渭依斫獾降臓?/p>

況可能不那么真實(shí)，而thepublic才是真正的利益相關(guān)主體

Thepoliticalissuesarehighlyprofessionalandrequiresexpertisetotackle,

politicalleadersshouldrelyontheirjudgment

Politicalleaders,ongeneralassumption,shouldbewell-trainedtohandle

highlyprofessionalissues

Generalpublic,ontheotherhand,canonlyfollowratherthanlead

Indemocraticnation,andtoensurenobiasorpoliticaldiscriminationssoilthe

basicinterestofthegeneralpublic,thevoiceofthepeopleshouldbetakeninto

consideration

Constitutionallylegitimateforpeopletoparticipatepoliticalaffairsanddefend

theirownrights

十八次

Issue59新增科技

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59.Scientistsandotherresearchersshouldfocustheirresearchonareasthatarelikelyto

benefitthegreatestnumberofpeople.

科學(xué)家和科研人員應(yīng)當(dāng)探討更簡潔造福群眾的領(lǐng)域。

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththe

recommendationandexplainyourreasoningforthepositionyoutake.Indevelopingandsupporting

yourposition,describespecificcircumstancesinwhichadoptingtherecommendationwouldor

wouldnotbeadvantageousandexplainhowtheseexamplesshapeyourposition.

當(dāng)確定一些領(lǐng)域的優(yōu)先權(quán)時(shí)，比方科學(xué)、教化等，最須要考慮的問題是：有多少人會從中獲

益

Partlyagree

1.可以解決如今最urgent社會問題科天經(jīng)地義的應(yīng)當(dāng)賜予優(yōu)先權(quán)。如：通信，經(jīng)濟(jì)，

商科，法律、醫(yī)學(xué)。A哪些人會受益。B實(shí)際證明這些學(xué)科也是最興盛興盛的。最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)

生通常都去了這些地方。。醫(yī)學(xué)、生物探討，對治病的作用；農(nóng)學(xué)探討對根本生活須要的

滿意；工程探討對建立的作用

2.有一些看起來沒什么用的長期看會很有用.哲學(xué)、文學(xué)、歷史、數(shù)學(xué)、物理(其它

科的根底)。一些科學(xué)不要反對

3.在探討成果沒有出來之前，我們很難推斷哪些是能給最多人帶來利益的。因此，讓

其平衡開展。根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)，那些已經(jīng)興盛興盛的學(xué)科，政府不需賜予太多關(guān)注，否那

么幾年后供大于求；而那些如今靜默無聞的學(xué)科今后可能是很有用的學(xué)科，須要賜予扶持。

一些已經(jīng)很好的學(xué)科或許不能太過于投入，而一些不是很興盛的那么須要大力支持。

Iagreeinsofarasareasofresearchcertaintoresultinimmediateandsignificantbenefits

forsocietyshouldcontinuetobeapriority.Yet,strictlyfollowed,thespeaker's

recommendationwouldhaveaharmfulchillingeffectonresearchandnewknowledge.

1.Admittedly,scientificresearchwhosesocietalbenefitsareimmediate,predictable,and

profoundshouldcontinuetobeahighpriority.

2.However,thisisnottosaythatresearchwhosebenefitsarelessimmediateorclear

shouldbegivenlowerpriority.Firstofall,ifwestrictlyfollowthespeaker'ssuggestion,who

woulddecidewhichareasofresearcharemoreworthwhilethanothersResearcherscannot

belefttodecide.

3.Secondly,tocompelallresearcherstofocusonlyoncertainareaswouldbeto

forcemanytowastetheirtruetalents.

4.Thirdly,itisdifficulttopredictwhichresearchavenueswillultimatelyleadtothe

greatestcontributionstosociety.

十三次

lssue12/25(old53)教化

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12.Governmentsshouldofferafreeuniversityeducationtoanystudentwhohasbeen

admittedtoauniversitybutwhocannotaffordthetuition.

對任何被高校錄用但無法擔(dān)當(dāng)學(xué)費(fèi)的學(xué)生，政府應(yīng)當(dāng)為他們供應(yīng)免費(fèi)高校教化。

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscussyourviewsonthepolicyandexplainyourreasoningfor

thepositionyoutake.Indevelopingandsupportingyourposition,youshouldconsiderthepossible

consequencesofimplementingthepolicyandexplainhowtheseconsequencesshapeyour

position.

(1)Collegeanduniversityattractsthestudentswithitsincomparable

advantages:教化的重要性

(a)Peerlessfacultiesandadvancedfacilities

(b)Atmosphereforstudying

(2)Duetoitshightuition,manytalented,earnestandindustriousstudentscould

notafforditandthusmaybedeprivedoftheopportunitytostudyincollegeand

university.Thussomepeopleproposetheabovesuggestion.However,itis

impracticableandirrational:

0nderousaburden0nthefinanceofgovernment.

(b)The]bfeducationcouldnolongerbeassured

(c)Thestudentsmi*tlosetheimpetustostudyasdiligentastheydoat

thetime.

(3)Otherauxiliaryprojectscouldhelptosolvetheproblems:

(a)Scholarship,stipend,interest-freeloan.

Cityandcountrylibrary,andcorrespondencecourse.

Issue19(old3)

(40)

Itismoreimportanttoallocatemoneyforimmediate,existingsocialproblemsthanto

spenditonlong-termresearchthatmighthelpfuturegenerations.

及其花錢進(jìn)展可能有助于后代的長期性探討，還不如把錢花在燃眉之急，已經(jīng)存在的社會問

題上。

①花錢解決如今的問題很合理，特別是很緊急的問題。如：Tsunami

②有些問題不是如今就能解決的。須要長遠(yuǎn)的規(guī)劃。貧困問題、犯罪問題，有關(guān)humannature

的問題從歷史上看從來沒有真正得到解決過。

③我們對將來負(fù)有責(zé)任。A一方面，我們的行為造成了他們的損失。能源上，環(huán)境上。B

從道德上說，人及動(dòng)物的區(qū)分在于我們會感情上認(rèn)為應(yīng)對后代負(fù)責(zé)。

Whenweenjoythefruitsofindustrializationanddemocracy,weare,ontheotherside,

confrontedwithsocialproblemsbroughtbyasanotherconsequenceofthisprocess.

Firstly,immediate,existingsocialproblemsthatbaffledusdeeplyneedtoberesolvedas

quicklyaspossiblesotorestoreasoundsocietyandimproveitshealthydevelopment.

However,manypresentsocialproblemscannotberesolvedimmediatelyaswehoped.

Furthermore,neglectinglong-termresearchesthatmayhelpfuturegenerations,

overemphasizingtofocusonthepresentproblems,mayresultinincompleteresolutionto

thesesocialproblems,whichcanmerelybeanexpedienceratherthanaresolution.

lssue31/63/67(Old121+242)行為

(10)_____

63.Thereislittlejustificationforsocietytomakeextraordinaryefforts—especiallyatagreat

costinmoneyandjobs—tosaveendangeredanimalorplantspecies.

特別是考慮到花費(fèi)代價(jià)和精力，對于任何社會，投入宏大的努力挽救瀕危的動(dòng)植物是不

合理的。

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththe

statementandexplainyourreasoningforthepositionyoutake.Indevelopingandsupportingyour

position,youshouldconsiderwaysinwhichthestatementmightormightnotholdtrueandexplain

howtheseconsiderationsshapeyourposition.

Position:disagree.

1誠然，過去很多的動(dòng)物都是因?yàn)樽陨聿恍幸赃m應(yīng)自然條件或者競爭法那么而滅絕的。

ThefirstisessentiallytheDarwinianargumentthatextinctionresultsfromtheinexorable

processofso-called“naturalselectioninwhichstrongerspeciessurvivewhileweakerones

donot.

然而，professionalagencyofspeciesprotection

公布的數(shù)據(jù)說明，目前動(dòng)物因?yàn)槿祟悳缃^的數(shù)量是自然滅絕的100倍。人類對環(huán)境的

污染導(dǎo)致很多生物不行以適應(yīng)劇變的環(huán)境而滅亡；人類的大量開發(fā)土地和deforest導(dǎo)致生

物的生存空間越來越小.人類正在成為leadingkiller,所以,我們有責(zé)任去疼惜那些面臨滅

絕的動(dòng)物。

我們有責(zé)任去疼惜那些因我們而身陷緊急的動(dòng)物和植物,它們也是地球的一員。沒有了

它們,我們將會變得很孤寂。我渴望,將來的孩子們問起大熊貓長什么樣的時(shí)候,我們可以

帶他們到動(dòng)物園去看而不是僅僅在電視或書本上。

2疼惜那些面臨滅絕的動(dòng)物對我們的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有好處。

一方面，疼惜那些面臨滅絕的動(dòng)物就是疼惜生態(tài)平衡，比方在一個(gè)小島上,假設(shè)某種鳥

類滅絕了，那么田鼠之類的動(dòng)物就沒有了天敵，他們的過度繁殖會大量破壞植被，造成生態(tài)

系統(tǒng)紊亂；另一方面，疼惜面臨滅絕的動(dòng)物可以保持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)多樣性,對我們的科研很有有

扶植，科學(xué)家可以采集動(dòng)物的基因進(jìn)展探討，從而找出它們進(jìn)化上的弱點(diǎn)，從而為我們?nèi)祟?/p>

和其他動(dòng)物供應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)。從這個(gè)意義上說，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)疼惜那些面臨滅絕的動(dòng)物.

Itistimeforhumanbeingsto...now.

假設(shè)我們?nèi)缃袢ヌ巯切┟媾R滅絕的動(dòng)物，可以積累大量關(guān)于治理環(huán)境污染和疼惜動(dòng)物的

閱歷，從而用來疼惜那些目前沒有面臨滅絕的動(dòng)物。等到地球上的動(dòng)物越來越少的時(shí)候就來

不及了。我們?nèi)缃穹鲋泊笮茇埮浞N繁殖，產(chǎn)下更多后代，將來就可以防止更多的物種因?yàn)樯?/p>

殖問題而滅絕；通過探討亞馬遜森林的物種削減問題，我們可以知道酸雨和砍伐造成的，我

們就可以實(shí)行相應(yīng)的措施去削減這種損失，以防止更多的生物面臨滅絕。這些閱歷是寶貴的，

他們可以扶植我們防止悲劇發(fā)生在其他生物的身上。我們的行動(dòng)越早，悲劇就越少。

3、一個(gè)國家的人類財(cái)力是有限的，不能一味的全用來疼惜瀕危物種。

疼惜瀕危物種及社會的進(jìn)步，經(jīng)濟(jì)的開展不應(yīng)當(dāng)對立。

人類不能違反自然規(guī)律antagonizethenatureandcannotbetraytherulesofuniverse

Issue104/107(0ld43)政治

(9)

104.Tobeaneffectiveleader,apublicofficialmustmaintainthehighestethicalandmoral

standards.

想成為一名有效力的指導(dǎo)那么，政府官員必需堅(jiān)守最高的倫理和道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththeclaim.

Indevelopingandsupportingyourposition,besuretoaddressthemostcompellingreasonsand/or

examplesthatcouldbeusedtochallengeyourposition.

Position：partlyagree

1、(+)官員，who對社會負(fù)責(zé)為人民效勞，應(yīng)當(dāng)保持高的道德和倫理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。作為公眾人物，

自然就應(yīng)當(dāng)受更多的限制，

比方不能隨意說臟話，要留意自己的行為舉止等等。不道德的官員是不行能有很長的政治生

涯的

2、(+)不遵守politicalmorality的政治家無法成功地指導(dǎo)，最終forfeitleadership,bedoomed

tofailure

Hitler,Nixon

TakeRichardNixonforexample,hisabuseofpowerirritatedthemasses,asaresult,he

becamethefirstpresidentwhowasimpeachedinhistenure.AnotherexamplecomesfromBill

Clintonwhowasinvestigatedforhissexualscandals.Althoughhewasnotimpeachedatlast,

hisdignityandreputationwasdamagedasaresult.Apparently,apublicofficialwithlowethic

andmoralstandardslosehispublicbasiswhichisoneofthekeyfactorstobealeader.

3.(-)lnthebusinessrealm,successfulleadershipisgenerallydefinedasthatwhichachievesthegoal

ofprofitmaximizationforafirm'sshareholdersorotherowners.alsosocietyBILLGATE

LIKAI-SHING三菱

aneffectiveleadercweshouldnotequatemoralbehaviorinpoliticswiththesimple

notionsofhonestyandputtingtheotherfellow'sneedsaheadofone'sown-orotherways

thatwetypicallymeasurethemoralityofanindividuaPsprivatebehavior.

一個(gè)成功的指導(dǎo)者還應(yīng)當(dāng)具備其它方面的特征(specialknowledge,insight,management

ability,creativityandsoforth可以舉BillGates創(chuàng)立微軟神話的例子)

Moreover,只具有倫理和道德修養(yǎng)對于一個(gè)有效的指導(dǎo)者來說是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，指導(dǎo)實(shí)

力，協(xié)調(diào)實(shí)力，處理危機(jī)的實(shí)力更重要。

政治和道德不能混為一談

有道德的政治是志向化idaelization的

現(xiàn)實(shí)中的道德政治是為了更好的獲得利益最大化

道德須要法律予以確認(rèn)

Aneffectiveleadershouldmaintainhighestmoralstandards

Apoliticalsystembuiltonmoralityandtrustworthinessiscost-effective

Societyasawholeprogresstotheidealdirection

Theleader,asaperson,cannotbetrustedtoexercisehighestmoralstandards

Aimpersonalsystemisamusttoreassurethatthebestpartofahuman's

heartiswell-protectedandencouraged

Politics,asagroundfamousforitsmuddinessandchaos,isnotthefieldto

onlyemphasizeonmorality

Theessenceofpoliticsisnothingaboutthestruggleforpowerandbalanceof

interest

Politicalcraftsmanshipisalsoneededtosurvive

十一次

Issue73(old50)教化

(24)

73.Collegesanduniversitiesshouldrequireallfacultytospendtimeworkingoutsidethe

academicworldinprofessionsrelevanttothecoursestheyteach.

學(xué)院和高校應(yīng)當(dāng)要求全部的教員拿出時(shí)間，參及學(xué)術(shù)界以外及教學(xué)科目相關(guān)的領(lǐng)域工

作。

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscussyourviewsonthepolicyandexplainyourreasoningfor

thepositionyoutake.Indevelopingandsupportingyourposition,youshouldconsiderthepossible

consequencesofimplementingthepolicyandexplainhowtheseconsequencesshapeyour

position.

(1)Advantages:

(a)Betterunderstandingofthecourses:practiceistheonlytestoftheory.

(b)世界開展速度太快Tokeeppacewitl|thequickdevelopment,whilethe

knowledgeinthebookssomewhatlagsbehind.freshinsightsandcontagious

excitementabouttheissueathand.

I^Hexperienceinthefieldcanhelpaprofessor^rretoutcutting-edgeandcontroversial

耘U的

(d)Betterperceptionoftherequirementofthesociety.

(e)Betterhelpthechildrenprepareforthesociet].扶植學(xué)生更理解書本學(xué)

問實(shí)際的應(yīng)用

(2)Problemsthatdeserveattention:

(a)Someinfluenceontheteachingprocess.

(b)Themaintimeandenergyshouldstillbeontheeducation.

(c)However,theteachersinsomedisciplinessuchasmathematics,literature,history,

philosophy,etc.,mayfinditdifficulttocombinetheirteachingwithrelevantprofessionalfields.

(3)Wellbalance

十次

Issue65(old17)社會

(30)

65.Everyindividualinasocietyhasaresponsibilitytoobeyjustlawsandtodisobeyandresist

unjustlaws.

有兩種法律：公允的和不公允的。社會中的每個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守公允的法律，更重要的是，不遵守

或者違反不公允的法律。

[BEGIN:]Theargumentthatpeopleinasocietyshouldobeyjustlawanddisobeyunjust

lawseemsrelativelysound,whileafterconsideringtheintricatedefinitionoflaw,thestatement

aboveisoversimplifytheinfluenceofthelawuponthehumanworld.

1'首先，把法律歸類為正義和非正義太過于簡潔(Firstofall,theitemsjustand

unjustaretoosimpletobeusedtocategorizethekindsoflawsbecausesomelawsmay

notbedefinedaseitherjustorunjust.)克隆、原/彈

2、法律并不像人們想象的加樣是一成不變的(Thelawsshouldnotkeepconstant,

asmanypeoplethink,onthecontrary,theyshouldbechallengedandmendedinthe

progressofsocialdevelopment.)

3'首先，正義的概念是隨著傳統(tǒng)和其他條件而變的(Inthefirstplace,theitem"just”

isgoingtovarygreatlyaccordingtodifferenttraditions,costumeandotherconditions.)價(jià)

值觀：墮胎abortion

4、同樣的非正義也是隨著因素而變更的(While,itispreciselythesamewhenit

comestotheunjustlaw.)時(shí)間：違反政府的囑咐;計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪(computercrime)

5、同樣的過分強(qiáng)調(diào)人們遵守正義和抗拒非正義的東西，也會造成一些問題(Unduly

emphasizingpeopletoresisttheunjustlawsalsospellcertainrisks.Inthefirstplace,

unjustlawsarenotconstantconceptbutmay)首先，阻礙社會民主進(jìn)程(Foronething,

compellingallthepeopleunconditionalacceptandobeythejustlawsmayinsomesense

impedetheprocessofthedemocracyinthenation.)其次，無視了傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀念在社會中

的作用(Inaddition,itmayalsounderminethefundamentalinfluenceofthetraditional

valuesystemsuponthehumansociety.Asissooftenpointedoutthattheregulationsand

lawsisjustamanifestationofthevalueandstandardofthehumancivilizations.Inthis

respect,inculcatingpeoplewiththetraditionalvaluesystemsarefarmoreimportantthan

compelthemwithintheboundofthelaw.)

[END:]Insummary,asoneofthecrucialelementsofmodernsociety,thelawshavetobe

servedastheguidanceforalmostallthecitizenstoliveandworkinarightwayandalso

providethemwithastabilizedclimate.

Issue17/68(old128)教化

(35)

68.Somepeoplebelievethatthepurposeofeducationistofreethemindandthespirit.Others

believethatformaleducationtendstorestrainourmindsandspiritsratherthansetthemfree.有些

人認(rèn)為教化的目的是解放思維和精神。也有人認(rèn)為正規(guī)教化往往遏制學(xué)生的思維和精神，而

不是解放它們。

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhichviewmorecloselyalignswithyourownposition

andexplainyourreasoningforthepositionyoutake.Indevelopingandsupportingyourposition,

youshouldaddressbothoftheviewspresented.

-Thepurposeofeducationistoimpartsomebasicknowledge,skillsand

methodologiestotheeducated,andthroughthiswaytofreethemindofthem:Some

peoplemightarguethattheoverwhelminqcurriculumofschoolswouldrestrainourmindandspirit.

However,ifdbflcientinknowledge,absolutefreemindwillleadtototalsimplicityandnaivety.

2.Formaleducationplaysaveryimportantroleintheprocessoffreeingthemindandspirit.

Basicknowledge,whichcanonlybeattainedthroughformaleducation,istheprerequisiteforfreeing

people'smindandspirit.

(a)Formaleducationistheprerequisiteoffreedomofmind:freedomof

minddoesnotmeanitshouldjumpoutofanyboundariesandlimitation,whichis

nothingmorethanadaydreamoflittlesignificance.

(b)Formaleducationmakesthefreedomofmindpossible:whathasbeen

learnedisacircle.Providedthelargerthecircleis,themorespaceyouwould

havetoimagineandcreate.

3、Whileadmittedly,existingeducationsystemmayhaveputtoomuchemphasison

thehighgradesardwhathasbeenprovedthroughexperimentsandpracticethattendsto

restrainourmindsandspiritsinsteadofsetthemfreeanddoescausemanyproblems傳

輸教條facihtatethedisseminationofpropagandaandotherdogma—whichbecauseofits

biased

andone-sidednatureunderminestheverypurposeoftrueeducation:toenlighten.Might

wishto

suppress-assomesortofthreattoitsauthorityandpower.填鴨教化sausage

Themissionofourcollegesanduniversitiesistoaffordstudentsculturalperspective

andacapacityforunderstandingopposingviewpoints,andtoencourageandnurturethe

skillsofcriticalanalysisandskepticism—nottoindoctrinatestudentswithcertainideas

whilequashingothers.

Insummary,weshouldcreatesuchanenvironmentinwhicheachchildinhisownway

followshiscuriositywhereitleadshim,developshisabilityandtalents,pursueshis

interestsandlikes.Inthisway,hispotentialw川befullydevelopedandhew川makea

maximumcontributiontosocietywhenhegrowsup.

■

Issue05/117...(old10)文化

(15)

5.Claim:Governmentsmustensurethattheirmajorcitiesreceivethefinancialsupportthey

needinordertothrive.

Reason:Itisprimarilyincitiesthatanation'sculturaltraditionsarepreservedandgenerated.

結(jié)論：政府須要給社會主要城市供應(yīng)財(cái)政支持，來保證其旺盛開展。

緣由：一個(gè)國家的文化傳統(tǒng)主要是在城市中得以傳承和開展。

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththeclaim

andthereasononwhichthatclaimisbased.

--Disagree

1.Subsidizingculturaltraditionsisnotaproperroleofgovernment.

2.Secondly,subsidizingculturaltraditionsisnotanecessaryroleofgovernment.

Philanthropyisaliveandwelltoday,andsogovernmentneednotintervenetoensurethat

ourculturaltraditionsarepreservedandpromoted.Economic,development,improvement

ofpeople'slife.

3.Finally,andperhapsmostimportantly,thespeakerunfairlysuggeststhatlarge

citiesserveastheprimarybreedinggroundandsanctuariesforanation'scultural

tradtions.Originofthefolkart保存了更多傳統(tǒng)文化W計(jì)htheglobalization,majorcitiesall

overtheworldhavebecomeincreasinglysimilartoeachother.上海和紐約same

skycraperefficientlifestyle

1.經(jīng)過歷史上的開展，有文化傳統(tǒng)的積累。城市的確更可能成為國家文化溝通的中心，比方,

北京的京劇，西安。因?yàn)橹饕拇蟪鞘型墙?jīng)濟(jì)文化較興盛的地區(qū)。比方，在紐約幾乎每一周

里都有各種游行，中國新年的游行，St.Patrick'sDay(愛爾蘭的節(jié)日)游行等等

2.大城市作為經(jīng)濟(jì)文化溝通的中心，文化間的溝通，使得外鄉(xiāng)的文化及外來的文化互相作用，

不利于原汁原味外鄉(xiāng)文化傳統(tǒng)的保存。文化溝通必定會趨于同化，互相影響，一個(gè)地區(qū)的文化傳

統(tǒng)很難在這樣的沖擊下獨(dú)立生存下去。比方我們?nèi)缃癯商齑蟪訩FCPizza看美國大片，聽搖滾

音樂，沖擊了中國傳統(tǒng)的地方戲劇和音樂。

3.反觀鄉(xiāng)村，也孕育和保存著一些己經(jīng)被歷史遺忘的文化傳統(tǒng)，如美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂，bluesand

jazz都起源于南方小城鎮(zhèn)，而美國的小說也大多起源于中部平原地區(qū)

關(guān)于政府的財(cái)政支持，政府的確是應(yīng)當(dāng)支持大城市的，假設(shè)它須要的話，終歸大城市的開展

關(guān)系著整個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)開展。然而，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)明確的是政府絕不是因?yàn)槲幕目紤]而支持大城市，

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