大學英語四級試練習卷

一、閱讀理解

閱讀理解(一)

ThestrivingofcountriesinCentralEuropetoentertheEuropeanUnion

mayofferanunprecedentedchancetothecontinent'sGypsies(orRoman)

toberecognizedasanation,albeitonewithoutadefinedterritory.

Andiftheyweretoachievethattheymightevenseeksomekindofformal

place一atleastatotalpopulationoutnumbersthatofmanyoftheUnion'

spresentandfuturecountries.Someexpertsputthefigureat4m-plus;

someproponentsofGypsyrightsgoashighas15m.

UnlikeJews,Gypsieshavehadnoknownancestrallandtoharkbackto.

ThoughtheirlanguageisrelatedtoHindi,theirterritorialoriginsare

misty.Romanianpeasantsheldthemtobebornonthemoon.OtherEuropeans

(wrongly)thoughtthemmigrantEgyptians,hencethederivativeGypsy.

Mostprobablytheywereitinerantmetalworkersandentertainerswho

driftedwestfromIndiainthe7thcentury.

However,sincecommunisminCentralEuropecollapsedadecadeago,the

notionofRomanestanasalandlessnationfoundedonGypsyculturehas

gainedground.TheInternationalRomanyUnion,whichsaysitstandsfor

10mGypsiesinmorethan30countries,isfosteringtheideaof

“self-rallying”.Itistryingtopromoteastandardandwrittenform

ofthelanguage;itwavesaGypsyflag(greenwithawheel)whenitlobbies

insuchplacesastheUnitedBations;andinJulyitheldacongressin

Prague,TheCzechcapital.WherePresidentVaclavHavelsaidthatGypsies

inhisowncountryandelsewhereshouldhaveabetterdeal.

AtthecongressaSlovak-bornlawyer,EmilScuka,waselectedpresident

oftheInternationalTomanyUnion.Laterthismonthagroupofelected

Gypsypoliticians,includingmembersofparliament,mayorsandlocal

councilorsfromalloverEurope(OSCE),todiscusshowtopersuademore

Gypsiestogetinvolvedinpolitics.

TheInternationalRomanyUnionisprobablythemostrepresentativeof

theoutfitsthatspeakforGypsies,butthatisnotsayingalot.Ofthe

severalhundreddelegateswhogatheredatitscongress,fewwere

democraticallyelected;oddly,nonecamefromHungary,whoseGypsiesare

perhapstheworld'sbestorganized,withsome450Gypsybodiesadvising

localcouncilsthere.Theuniondid,however,announceitsambitionto

setupaparliament,buthowitwouldactuallybeelectedwasleft

undecided.

Sofar,theEuropeanCommissioniswaryofencouragingGypsiestopresent

themselvesasanation.Themight,itisfeared,openaPandora?sbox

alreadycontainingBasques,Corsicansandotherawkwardpeoples.Besides,

acknowledgingGypsiesasanationmightbackfire,justwhenseveral

countries,particularlyHungary,SlovakiaandtheCzechRepublic,are

beginningtotreatthembetter,inordertoqualifyforEUmembership.

“TheEU'swholepremiseistoovercomedifferences,nottohighlight

them,“saysanervousEurocrat.

ButtheideathattheGypsiesshouldwinsomekindofspecialrecognition

asEurope?slargestcontinentwideminority,andonewithaterrible

historyofpersecution,iscatchingon.Gypsieshavesufferedmany

pogromsoverthecenturies.InRomania,thecountrythatstillhasthe

largestnumberofthem(morethanIm),inthe19thcenturytheywere

actuallyenslaved.Hitlertriedtowipethemout,alongwiththeJews.

“GypsiesdeservesomespacewithinEuropeanstructures,“saysJan

MarinusWiersma,aDutchmanintheEuropeanParliamentwhosuggeststhat

oneofthecurrentcommissionersshouldberesponsibleforGypsyaffairs.

SomeprominentGypsiessaytheyshouldbemoredirectlyrepresented,

perhapswithaquotaintheEuropeanParliament.That,theyargue,might

givethemaboost.Therearemovesafoottohelpthemtogetmoneyfor,

amongotherthings,aGypsyuniversity.

OnebigsnagisthatEurope?sGypsiesare,infact,extremely

heterogeneous.Theybelongtomanydifferent,andoftenantagonistic,

clansandtribes,withnocommonlanguageorreligion,Their

self-proclaimedleadershaveoftenprovedquarrelsomeandcorrupt.Still,

says,DimitrinaPetrova,headoftheEuropeanRomaRightsCenterin

Budapest,Gypsies'sharedexperienceofsufferingentitlesthemtotalk

ofonenation;theirpotentialunity,shesays,stemsfrom“being

regardedassub-humanbymostmajoritiesinEurope.”

Andtheyhavebeguntobeabitmorepragmatic.InSlovakiaandBulgaria,

forinstance,Gypsypoliticalpartiesaretryingtoformelectoralblocks

thatcouldwinseatsinparliament.InMacedonia,aGypsypartyalready

hassome一andevenrunsamunicipality.NicholasGheorge,anexperton

GypsyaffairsattheOSCE,reckonsthat,spreadoverCentralEurope,

therearenowabout20GypsyMPSandmayors,400-oddlocalcouncilors,

andagrowingnumberofbusinessmenandintellectuals.

Thatisfarfromsayingthattheyhavethepeopleorthecashtoforge

anation.But,withtheGypsyquestionontheEU'sagendainCentral

Europe,theyaremakingground.

“1.TheBestTitleofthispassageis”

[A].GypsiesWanttoFormaNation.[B].AreTheyaNation.

[C].EUIsAfraidofTheirGrowth.[C].TheyAreaTribe

“2.WherearethemostprobableGypsyterritoryorigins?”

[A].MostprobablytheydriftedwestfromIndiainthe7thcentury.

[B].Theyarescatteredeverywhereintheworld.

[C].Probably,theystemmedfromCentralEurope.

[D].TheyprobablycamefromtheInternationalRomanyUnion.

“3.WhatdoestheInternationalRomanylobbyfor?”

[A].Itlobbiesforademandtobeacceptedbysuchinternational

organizationsasEUandUN.

[B].ItlobbiesforapostinanyinternationalRomanyUnion.

[C].Itlobbiesfortherightasanation.

[D].Itlobbiesforaplaceinsuchinternationalorganizationsasthe

EUorUN.

“4.WhyistheEuropeCommissionwaryofencouragingGypsiestopresent

themselvesasanation?”

[A].ItmayopenaPandora，sBox.

[B].Encouragementmayleadtosomeunexpectedresults.

[C].ItfearsthattheBasgnes,Corsicansandothernationsseeking

separationmayraisethesamedemand.

[D].Gyspsies'demandmayhighlightthedifferenceintheEU.

“5.Thebigproblemliesinthefactthat”

[A].Gypsiesbelongtodifferentandantagonisticclansandtribes

withoutacommonlanguageorreligion.

[B].Theirleadersprovecorrupt.

[C].Theirpotentialunitystemsfrom“beingregardedassub-human”.

[D].Theyareabitmorepragmatic.

閱讀理解（二）

SocialcircumstancesinEarlyModernEnglandmostlyservedtorepress

women'svoices.Patriarchalcultureandinstitutionsconstructedthem

aschaste,silent,obedient,andsubordinate.Atthebeginningofthe

17thcentury,theideologyofpatriarchy,politicalabsolutism,and

genderhierarchywerereaffirmedpowerfullybyKingJamesinTheTrew

LawofFreeMonarchieandtheBasilikonDoron;bythatideologythe

absolutepowerofGodthesupremepatriarchwasseentobeimagedinthe

absolutemonarchofthestateandinthehusbandandfatherofafamily.

Accordingly,awoman'ssubjection,firsttoherfatherandthentoher

husband,imagedthesubjectionofEnglishpeopletotheirmonarch,and

ofallChristianstoGod.Also,theperiodsawanoutpouringofrepressive

orovertlymisogynistsermons,tracts,andplays,detailingwomenJs

physicalandmentaldefects,spiritualevils,rebelliousness,shrewish

ness,andnaturalinferioritytomen.

Yetsomesocialandculturalconditionsservedtoempowerwomen.During

theElizabethanera(1558—1603)theculturewasdominatedbyapowerful

Queen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethoughsheleftscant

culturalspaceforotherwomen.Elizabethanwomenwritersbeganto

produceoriginaltextsbutwereoccupiedchieflywithtranslation.In

the17thcentury,however,variouscircumstancesenabledwomentowrite

originaltextsinsomenumbers.Foronething,somecounterweightto

patriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities一mothersanddaughters,

extendedkinshipnetworks,closefemalefriends,theseparatecourtof

QueenAnne(KingJames'consort)andheroftenoppositionalmasquesand

politicalactivities.Foranother,mostofthesewomenhadareasonably

goodeducation(modernlanguages,history,literature,religion,music,

occasionallyLatin)andsomeapparentlyfoundinromancesandhistories

moreexpansivetermsforimaginingwomen?slives.Also,representation

ofvigorousandrebelliousfemalecharactersinliteratureand

especiallyonthestagenodoubthelpedtoundermineanymonolithic

socialconstructofwomen'smatureandrole.

Mostimportant,perhaps,wastheradicalpotentialinherentinthe

ProtestantinsistenceoneveryChristian'simmediaterelationshipwith

Godandprimaryresponsibilitytofollowhisorherindividualconscience.

ThereisplentyofsupportinStPaul'sepistlesandelsewhereinthe

Bibleforpatriarchyandawife'ssubjectiontoherhusband,butsome

texts(notablyGalatians3:28)inscribeaverydifferentpolitics,

promotingwomen,sspiritualequality:uThereisneitherJewnorGreek,

thereisneitherbondnorfree,thereisneithermalenorfemale:for

yearealloneinJesusChrist."Suchtextsencouragedsomewomento

claimthesupportofGodthesupremepatriarchagainstthevarious

earthlypatriarchswhoclaimedtostandtowardtheminhisstead.

Thereisalsothegaporslippagebetweenideologyandcommonexperience.

Englishwomenthroughoutthe17thcenturyexercisedagooddealof

accrualpower:asmanagersofestatesintheirhusbands'absencesat

courtoronmilitaryanddiplomaticmissions;asmembersofguilds;as

wivesandmotherswhoapexduringtheEnglishCivilWarandInterregnum

(1640-60)astheexecutionoftheKingandtheattendantdisruptionof

socialhierarchiesledmanywomentoseizenewroles一aspreachers,as

prophetesses,asdeputiesforexiledroyalisthusbands,aswritersof

religiousandpoliticaltracts.

“1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?”

[A].Women?sPositioninthe17thCentury.

[B].Women'sSubjectiontoPatriarchy.

[C].SocialCircumstancesinthe17thCentury.

[D].Women'sobjectioninthe17thCentury.

“2.WhatdidtheQueenElizabethdoforthewomeninculture?”

[A].Shesetanimpressivefemaleexampletofollow.

[B].Shedominatedtheculture.

[C].Shedidlittle.

[D].Sheallowedwomentotranslatesomething.

“3.WhichofthefollowingisNotmentionasareasontoenablewomen

tooriginaltexts?”

[A].Femalecommunitiesprovidedsomecounterweighttopatriarchy.

[B].QueenAnne'spoliticalactivities.

[C].Mostwomenhadagoodeducation.

[D].QueenElizabeth'spoliticalactivities.

“4.Whatdidthereligionsoforthewomen?”

[A].Itdidnothing.

[B].Ittooaskedwomentobeobedientexceptsometexts.

[C].Itsupportedwomen.

[D].ItappealedtotheGod.

二、完型填空

完型填空（一）

Exerciseisgoodforyou,butmostpeoplereallyknowverylittleabout

howtoexerciseproperly.1whenyoutry,youcanrunsintostrouble.Many

people2thatwhenspecificmusclesareexercised,thefatinthe

neighbouringareais"3up”.Yetthe4isthatexerciseburnsfatfrom

allover5.Studiesshowmuscleswhicharenot6losetheirstrengthvery

quickly.Toregainitneeds48to72hoursandexerciseeveryotherday

will7anormallevelofphysicalstrength.To8weightyoushouldalways

“workupagoodsweat“whenexercising.9sweatingonly10body

temperaturetopreventoverheating.Thisis11waterloss.12Youreplace

theliquid,youreplacethe13.Walkingisthebestandeasy-to-do

exercise.Ithelpsthecirculationofblood14thebody,andhasadirect

15onyouroverallfeelingofhealth.Experiencesaysthat20minutes'

1617isminimunamount.18yourbreathingdoesn'treturntonormalstate

withinminutesafteryoufinish19,you'vedone20.

1.A.WhileB.WhenC.AsD.So

2.A.understandB.believeC.hopeD.know

3.A.builtB.burnedC.piledD.grown

4.A.replyB.possiblilityC.truthD.reason

5.A.armB.legC.stomachD.body

6.A.exercisedB.examinedC.protectedD.cured

7.A.loseB.raiseC.burnD.keep

8.A.loseB.gainC.keepD.burn

9.A.CertainlyB.NoC.FortunatelyD.Probably

10.A.raisesB.reducesC.destroysD.keepsup

11.A.howB.whyC.nothingbutD.morethan

12.A.WhileB.OnceC.AsD.Whenever

13.A.weightB.muscleC.sweatD.strength

14.A.overB.aroundC.throughoutD.with

15.A.effectB.useC.usageD.affect

16.A.educationB.sleepC.exerciseD.rest

17.A.onedayB.adayC.everydayD.someday

18.A.ButifB.ButC.IfD.Andif

19.A.workingB.walkingC.exercisingD.breathing

20.A.enoughB.muchC.toomuchD.muchtoo

完型填空（二）

Haveyoueverwonderedwhatourfutureislike?Practicallyallpeople

1adesiretopredicttheirfuture_2.Mostpeopleseeminclinedto_3_

thistaskusingcausalreasoning.Firstwe_4_recognizethat

futurecircumstancesare_5_causedorconditionedbypresentones.We

learnthatgettinganeducationwill_6_howmuchmoneyweearnlaterand

thatswimmingbeyondthereefmaybringanunhappy_7_witha

shark.Second,peoplealsolearnthatsuch_8_ofcauseandeffectare

probabilistic（可能的）innature.Thatis,theeffectsoccurmoreoften

whenthecausesoccurthanwhenthecausesare_9_,but

notalways.Thus,studentslearnthatstudyinghard_10_goodgradesin

mostinstances,butnoteverytime.Sciencemakestheseconceptsof

causalityandprobabilitymore_11_andprovidestechniquesfordealing

_12_thenmoreaccuratelythandoescausalhumaninquiry.Inlookingat

ordinaryhumaninquiry,weneedto13betweenpredictionand

understanding.Often,evenifwedon'tunderstandwhy,wearewillingtoact

_14_thebasisofademonstratedpredictiveability.Whateverthe

primitivedrives_15_motivatehumanbeings,satisfyingthemdepends

heavilyontheabilityto_16_futurecircumstances.Theattempttopredict

isoftenplayedina_17_ofknowledgeandunderstanding.Ifyoucan

understandwhycertainregularpatterns_18_,youcanpredictbetterthan

ifyousimplyobservethosepatterns.Thus,humaninquiryaims_19_

answeringboth"what"and"why"question,andwepursuethese_20_by

observingandfiguringout.

1.[A]exhibit[B]exaggerate[C]examine[D]exceed

2.[A]contexts[B]circumstances[C]inspections[D]intuitions

3.[A]underestimate[B]undermine[C]undertake[D]undergo

4.[A]specially[B]particularly[C]always[D]generally

5.[A]somehow[B]somebody[C]someone[D]something

6.[A]enact[B]affect[C]reflect[D]inflect

7.[A]meeting[B]occurrence[C]encounter[D]contact

8.[A]patterns[B]designs[C]arrangements[D]pictures

9.[A]disappointde[B]absent[C]inadequate[D]absolute

10.[A]creates[B]produces[C]loses[D]protects

11.[A]obscure[B]indistinct[C]explicit[D]explosive

12.[A]for[B]at[C]in[D]with

13.[A]distinguish[B]distinct[C]distort[D]distract

14.[A]at[B]on[C]to[D]under

15.[A]why[B]how[C]that[D]where

16.[A]predict[B]produce[C]pretend[D]precede

17.[A]content[B]contact[C]contest[D]context

18.[A]happen[B]occur[C]occupy[D]incur

19.[A]at[B]on[C]to[D]beyond

20.[A]purposes[B]ambitions[C]drives[D]goals

三、翻譯

1、他用所有的積蓄為兒子買了一輛自行車。(savings)

2、中央電視臺新聞節(jié)目為我們學習英語提供了實踐機會。(givepractice)

3、農(nóng)民們?nèi)绻獢[脫貧困還有許多事情要做。(getridof)

4、老師已經(jīng)找到打破懷特太太家玻璃窗的那個學生。(findout)

5、報紙的新聞板塊是我們獲知每日重要新聞的地方。（learnfrom）

參考答案：

一、閱讀理解：

閱讀理解（一）

答案祥解

B.他們是一個民族/國家嗎？整篇文章環(huán)境這一點而寫，文章一開始就提

出中歐入歐盟的國家會給大陸吉普塞人一個機會，承認他們是一個民族一一國

家，雖然沒有界定的領土（作為國家，應有領土）。吉普塞人的領袖人物也指

出其人數(shù)超過歐盟中許多現(xiàn)在有的和將來要入盟的國家。他們至少要在歐盟中

有一席之地。第二段提出，吉普塞和猶太人不同，他們沒有可回歸的祖居地。

他們的語言屬印歐語系。英國人認為他們來自埃及及移民。最可能的是七世紀

時一些流浪的手工業(yè)工人和藝人從印度向西方流移。第三段涉及一種思想一一

以吉普塞文化為基礎的無疆土的吉普塞民族應有個說話的地方一越來越為人接

受。國際吉普塞人聯(lián)盟聲稱代表30多個國家的吉普塞人，做了幾件事：展開自

我聯(lián)合，提出語言標準和書面形式，在聯(lián)合國進行游說活動時揮動吉普塞國旗，

在布魯塞爾設立辦事處，六月在捷克首都布拉格召開會議。第四段集中講到會

上選出了聯(lián)盟主席。一群選出吉普塞的政治家一一國會議員，市長，地方政務

委員再次在布拉格開會，會議由歐洲安全合作條約組織召集，來討論如何動員

更多的吉普塞人參政。第五段涉及聯(lián)盟雄心勃勃的宣布要建立國會，但如何實

際操作還未落實。后面主要是外界對吉普塞的態(tài)度。第六段描述歐盟委員會在

吉普塞作為最大的大陸少數(shù)民族，歷史上遭到殘酷的迫害，應贏得特別承認。

19世紀他們橫遭奴役，希特勒企圖把它們和猶太人一起消滅。第八段講了歐洲

會議中有人提出吉普塞在歐洲機構中應有一席之地，還提議一個常務委員負責

吉普塞事務。還有行動籌建建立一所吉普塞大學。后面兩段講的是困難，第九

段點出。最后一段指出，現(xiàn)在說他們有人有錢可以組成（國家）為時還早，可

是吉普塞是歐盟中日程表上的一個問題，他們?nèi)找娼咏鉀Q。從內(nèi)部，外部情

況分析都說明吉普塞是一個組成國家的民族。全文都是環(huán)繞它是不是，該不該

承認為民族/國家而寫，所以B項他們是不是民族是最佳標題?！?/p>

A.吉普塞要想組成一個國家（民族）。這只是文章涉及到的部分內(nèi)容，中歐國

家想加入歐盟一事可能產(chǎn)生的結果。C.歐盟害怕它們成長。D.他

們是一個部落。

〃2.A.最可能是在7世紀從印度流浪到西方。見第1題第二注釋?！?/p>

B.他們分散在世界各地。C.可能他們源于中歐。D.他們可能

來自國際吉普塞人聯(lián)盟。

〃3.D.它們在這些國際組織，如歐盟，聯(lián)合國中進行活動游說要取得一席之

地。見第1題第一段，三段注釋?！?/p>

A.它們游說活動歐盟和聯(lián)合國接受他們的要求。太抽象。B.它們活動

游說在國際機構取得職位。C.他們游說作為民族的權利。

〃4.C.它害怕巴斯克人，科西嘉人和其它要求分裂的民族會提出同樣的要求。

見難句譯注n?！?/p>

A.它可能會打開潘多拉盒子。此盒子在文章中只是比喻。B.鼓勵可能會

導致某些意想不到的結果。D.吉普塞的要求會加深歐盟分歧。

B,D兩項不夠明確。

〃5.A.吉普塞人屬于不同的，而且常常是對抗的民族的部落，還沒有共同的

語言和宗教信仰?！?/p>

B.他們領袖很腐敗。C.他們潛在的團結來自被人看作是低于人類（次

等人）。D.他們有點太講究實效，B,C,D三項不是主要問題。主要問題

是A.項。

閱讀理解（二）

答案祥解

〃1.A.17世紀英國婦女地位。見上面文章大意?！?/p>

B.婦女服從于家族制。D.17世紀婦女的反抗，都是A.內(nèi)容中的一部

分，不能作為最佳標題。C.17世紀英國社會形式，只能作為背景出現(xiàn)。

〃2.C.她沒有做什么。英女皇伊麗莎白在位時期間在文化上并沒有婦女做過

什么。這在第二段講得很清楚?！耙聋惿捉y(tǒng)治時期（1558——1603）,文化

領域為強有里女皇所控制，她本人確實樹立了令人難忘的婦女形象，可是她并

沒有為其它婦女能夠創(chuàng)作一些東西?！币娗懊媪谐鲋蚝拖乱坏李}的A.B.

C.”

〃3.D.伊麗莎白女皇的政治活動。這文內(nèi)沒有提及?！?/p>

A.婦女親情網(wǎng)對家長制進行抗衡。B.安娜女皇的政治活動。C.

大多數(shù)婦女都受過良好教育。這三項在第二段中都提到?！笆紫?，婦女親情關

系，如母親，女兒，他們的親戚網(wǎng)，好友；安娜女皇單獨的宮殿，她那對立的

化裝舞會和政治活動都和族長制予以抗衡?！?/p>

〃4.B.除了某些文本外，它也要求婦女服從。第一段，見上述內(nèi)容。第三段

集中論述這一點。“也許，最重要的是基督教固有潛在激進性。它堅持主張每

個基督徒和上帝的直接關系，堅持人首先責任是服從她或他的良知。在圣?保羅

使徒書以及在別的圣經(jīng)中有許多對家長制，妻子對丈夫的服從支持?？墒怯行?/p>

文本鐫刻著一種完全不同的政治觀點，鼓吹婦女精神平等：”人沒有猶太和希

臘之分，沒有束縛或自由之分，沒有男女之分，因為在耶酥基督面前，你們都

是一樣?！啊?/p>

A.它什么也沒有做。不對。C.它支持婦女。也不對，只有某些版本

支持。D.它求助于上帝。它借上帝之名壓制婦女。第一段：“因此，婦

女首先服從父親，然后服從丈夫，體現(xiàn)了（象征）英國人民服從他們的君主，

所有基督徒服從上帝?！?/p>

二、完型填空

完型填空（一）

1.【答案】D因為大部分人不知道如何正確鍛煉，所以，人們在訓煉時常會遇

到麻煩。句中you表示泛指。

2.【答案】C"希望“鄰近的脂肪消耗掉，在此符合語境；understand,know不

合邏輯，因為，即已”明白“，就不會不符合事實真相；believe表示的是人

的得一種看法，而看法有對有錯。

3.【答案】B下一句中再現(xiàn)了burn這一詞。

4.【答案】Ctruth本意為“真理”，此處引申為“事實”一一指實際鍛煉時

脂肪消耗的情形。余者不合文意。

5.【答案】D余者不能概全

6.【答案】A根據(jù)常識可知，“不鍛煉的肌肉會很快喪失力量。

7.【答案】D根據(jù)前一句“要重新獲得力量需要48到72個小時可知，每隔

一天鍛煉一次可保持正常水平的體力。”

8.【答案】A本句意思是“為了一一體重，人們應該通過鍛煉來出汗”。空格

處顯然應該是“減少”。而不是“增加”或”“保持”，更不可能是“燃燒”。

9.【答案】B表示對該節(jié)首句看法的否定。首句看法的錯誤性可從下文推知。

10.【答案】B根據(jù)topreventoverheating可知，sweating的作用是降低

體溫。

11.【答案】Closs是名詞，故前面不能填連接副詞how和why；morethan

"不只是"，不合文意。本題應選not