高一英語(yǔ)主題語(yǔ)境+策略運(yùn)用+素養(yǎng)提升4合1必刷題07主題語(yǔ)境：工作職業(yè)策略學(xué)習(xí)：閱讀理解之文章大意題的解答【策略學(xué)習(xí)】文章大意題文章大意題主要是測(cè)試考生對(duì)一篇文章的深層理解程度以及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確定位文章主旨大意的能力。它要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維的方法，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度概括或總結(jié)，屬于高層次題。策略1：主題句法解答主旨大意題，找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句是關(guān)鍵。下面介紹兩種快速找出主題句的方法。(1)根據(jù)文體和寫(xiě)作手法來(lái)定位主題句(2)根據(jù)行文標(biāo)志來(lái)定位主題句轉(zhuǎn)折詞如but，however，infact，actually等時(shí)，其后的內(nèi)容往往是作者真正想要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)?？偨Y(jié)詞如therefore，thus，inshort，conclude等，其后的內(nèi)容往往是文章的主題。疑問(wèn)句若首段出現(xiàn)疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，對(duì)該問(wèn)題的回答可能是文章的主題。策略2：高頻詞法全文中無(wú)明顯主題句時(shí)，我們可以利用文章中的高頻詞。任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開(kāi)的，因此，有的文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。策略3：逆向思維法在兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)看上去都十分正確無(wú)法選擇時(shí)，試著從選項(xiàng)出發(fā)，想象一下如果自己以此選項(xiàng)來(lái)寫(xiě)文章會(huì)有哪些內(nèi)容，然后把它與文章的內(nèi)容比較，接近的即為正確選項(xiàng)。1.正確選項(xiàng)特征：涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文2.錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特征(1)以偏概全，主次不分(2)無(wú)中生有，曲解文意【典例】(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀B)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh－techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild，butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath－relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine，anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago，foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income，educationandtheamountofparenttalk，Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child－parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot，ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes，”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould，andabouthalfofthechildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher－incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently，andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However，boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls，andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist.D.Ateachingprogram.【分析】·第一步讀文章，概括文意：本文介紹了芝加哥大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究，該研究表明，對(duì)于2到4歲的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，玩拼圖游戲?qū)λ麄兘窈罂臻g技能的提高有益；高收入家庭的孩子接觸拼圖游戲的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，而且男孩子比女孩子玩的拼圖更復(fù)雜。·第二步利用關(guān)鍵詞法定主旨：文章多次出現(xiàn)了researchers，expert，study，findings等詞，主要介紹的是一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究?！さ谌脚懦?種錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)：選項(xiàng)A、D無(wú)中生有曲解文意；選項(xiàng)C以偏概全主次不分?！舅仞B(yǎng)提升】一、閱讀理解1NASAhasanewjoblisting,andit'snojoke.TheUSspaceagencyislookingfora"joker"tojointheirjourneytoMars.AjourneytoMarsisnolaughingmatter.Onaverage,theredplanetis140millionmilesaway.Atriptherewouldtakearoundeightmonthsinasmallspaceship.Asitisdifficulttocommunicate,astronautswillhavetowait20minutesforareplywhenanemergencyhappens.“Whenyou'relivingwithothersinaconfinedspaceforalongtime,suchasonamissiontoMars,problemswillhappen,”saidJeffreyJohnson,ascientistattheUniversityofFlorida.ThisisprobablywhyNASAwantsanastronautwithasenseofhumor.Thesepeoplehavetheabilitytopulleveryonetogether.Instressfulsituations,perhapshumorisawaytoknowwearen'talone.Bylaughingtogether,wesharestress,Thenwecanfocusonourjobsinsteadofjustworrying.Thereareotherexamplesofteam“jokers”.OneexampleisthejourneytotheSouthPoleledbyNorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsen,Adolf,acookatAmundsen'steam,was"joker".Hemadepeoplelaughthroughthewholedifficultanddangerousjourney,AmundsenlaterwrotethatAdolfwasthemostvaluablememberoftheteam.Butifyou'rehopingthatyourfavoriteTVcomedianwillflytoMars,thatprobablywon'thappen.“Beingfunnywon'tbeenoughtolandsomebodythejob,”Johnsonsaid.“Theyalsoneedtobeanexcellentscientistandengineer.”Besides,theymustbeintopphysicalcondition.1.WhomightgetthejobofferedbyNASA?A.Agoodcook. B.Atalentedjoker.C.Ahumorousengineer. D.Apopularcomedian.2.Whatdoes"aconfinedspace"inParagraph3mean?A.asmallspace B.anopenspace C.asecurespace D.anemptyspace3.Howdoestheauthorthinkhumorcanhelpastronauts?A.Remindingthemoftheirfamily. B.Bringingthemcloseronajourney.C.Helpingthemknowthemselvesbetter. D.Helpingthemfixprofessionalproblems.4.Whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofthecook?A.Toshowtheimportanceoftheirfood.B.Toprovetheroleofhumorindifficultsituations.C.Toargueanactorismoreimportantthanascientist.D.ToexplainajourneytotheSouthPolemattersalot.2Itiseasiertonegotiate（談判）firstsalaryrequirementbecauseonceyouareinsider,theorganizationalconstraintsinfluencewageincreases.Onething,however,iscertain:yourchancesofgettingtheraiseyoufeelyoudeservearelessifyoudon'tatleastaskforit.Mentendtoaskformore,andtheygetmore,andthisholdstruewithotherresources,notjustpayincreases.ConsiderBeth'sstory.IdidnotgetwhatIwantedwhenIdidnotaskforit.Wehadcubicle（小隔間）officesandwindowoffices.Isatinthecubicleswithseveralmalecolleagues.Onebyonetheyweremovedintowindowoffices,whileIremainedinthecubicles,severalmaleswhowerehiredaftermealsowenttooffices.Oneinparticulartoldmehewasnextinlineforanofficeandthatithadbeenpartofhisnegotiationsforthejob.IguesstheythoughtmecontenttostayinthecubiclessinceIdidnotvoicemyopinioneitherway.Itwouldbeniceweallreceivedautomaticpayincreasesequaltoourmerit（價(jià)值）,but"nice"isn'taqualitysharedbymostorganizations.Ifyoufeelyoudeserveagoodraiseinpay,you'llprobablyhavetoaskforit.Performanceisyourbestbargainingchip（籌碼）whenyouareseekingaraise.Youmustbeabletoprovethatyoudeservearaise.Timingisalsoagoodbargainingchip.Ifyoucangiveyourbosssomethingheorsheneeds（anewclientorasizablecontract,forexample）justbeforemeritpaydecisionsarebeingmade,youaremorelikelytogettheraiseyouwant.Useinformationasabargainingchipcoo.Findoutwhatyouareworthontheopenmarket.Whatwillsomeoneelsepayforyourservices?Gointothenegotiationspreparedtoplaceyourchipsonthetableattheappropriatetimeandpreparedtousecommunicationstyletoguidethedirectionoftheinteraction5.WhatcanbeinferredfromBeth'sstory?A.Prejudiceagainstwomenstillexistsinsomeorganizations.B.Ifpeoplewantwhattheydeserve,theyhavetoaskforit.C.Peopleshouldnotbecontentwithwhattheyhavegot.D.Peopleshouldbecarefulwhennegotiatingforajob.6.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.unfairnessexistsinsalaryincreasesB.mostpeopleareoverworkedandunderpaidC.oneshouldavoidoverstatingone'sperformanceD.mostorganizationsgivetheirstaffautomaticpayraises7.Togetapayraise,apersonshould.A.advertisehimselfonthejobmarketB.persuadehisbosstosignalong-termcontactC.trytogetinsideinformationabouttheorganizationD.dosomethingtoimpresshisbossjustbeforemeritpaydecisions3Asha,TanzaniaHithere!MynameisAshaandI'mfromTanzania.Likemostteenagers,Istartmydayearlyandenditlate.Afterschool,Istudyatanightschooltopreparefortheuniversityentranceexam.WhenIhavetimeoff,Iprefertobeoutdoors.Ilovenatureandanimals.I'mquiteupsetabouthowwetreattheenvironment,soIdomybesttohelp.IvolunteertoplanttreesandI'mamemberofourschool'sNatureClub.Samika,BangladeshHi!I'mSamikaandI'm15.IwishIwereastudent,butI'mnot.IhadtoleaveschoolwhenIwas13sothatIcouldgetajobandhelpmyfamily.Iworkinagarmentfactory.It'sunbelievablyhardworkandthedaysaresolong.Althougheveryoneworkshard,westillfindtimetoplayandlaughtogether.Attimeslikethese,theworldfeelslikeawonderfulplace.Frieder,GermanyHi,Friederhere.So,I'm16andIgotoahighschoolinMunich.I'mnotcrazyaboutschool—listeningtoateacherisn'tmything—butIknowIhavetogetaneducation.It'sverydifficultforyoungpeopletofindajobinEurope,soIworryalotaboutthefuture.Oh,andI'magamingnerd.IloveInternetgamessomuchthatIhavestartedagamingclubinmyschool.MaybeI'llseeyouonline—myscreennameisFastFreddy.8.Fromthepassage,whatcanwelearnaboutSamika?A.Shehasneverfelthappybecauseofherhardwork.B.Sheworksafterschooltosupportherfamily.C.Shedreamsofgoingtoschool.D.Sheworkslonginatoyfactory.9.Fromthepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutAshaisNOTtrue?A.Hestudieshardtogetwelleducated.B.Hetrieshisbesttohelpprotecttheenvironment.C.HehasstartedtheNatureClubinhisschool.D.Hepreferstogooutdoorsandloveanimals.10.WhyisFriederworriedaboutthefuture?A.Becausejobsarehardfortheyouthtofind.B.Becausehehasnomoneytopayforhiseducation.C.BecausehecannotfindajobontheInternet.D.Becausehedoesn'tlistentohisteachers.4Istartedtoworkasaneditorforatravelmagazine.Ididn’treallymindthework,butIwantedsomethingmorechallenging.Mysistersentmesomedetailsforapositioninastart-up.Thejobwasaseeminglyperfectmixofmyskillsandinterests,soIjumpedatit.However,soonafterIjoinedthecompany,itsmodelchangedtofocusoneducation,andeverythingaboutmypositionchanged.Iwasaskedtotakeonthecompletelydifferentrolesofsellingcontentstoteachersandtrainingpeople.Ihadnoexperienceinsales,trainingoreducation.Ifeltmorealittleoutsidemycomfortzone.IknewIwantedtogrowasanindividualandmakeaseriouseffectonthecompany.Itoldmyselfthateverythingfeelsoverwhelming(巨大的)atfirstandIshouldatleasttry.Inaway,IfeltlikeIdidn’thaveachoice.Iknewjumpingoutofthenestwastherightthingforme,eventhoughitfeltprettyawful.Iwasluckytobesurroundedbyveryhelpfulpeople,bothatworkandathome.MybossneveraskedifIthoughtIcoulddoit;sheaskedifIwasinterestedintrying.Ispenthoursresearchingmycompany’sproducts.Iaskedlotsofquestionsandspoketosomanyteachersthatthereweresoonmoregoodexperiencesthandifficultones.Ilookedforchancestoputinextraeffort.ThemoreIdid,thebetterIfelt.Overtime,IdiscoveredthatthejobwassomethingIcoulddoandlikeddoing.Itwasunbelievablyrewardingtoseethecompanygrow.Ialsolearnedit’simportanttotakerisksandacceptnewopportunities,evenwhenyou’renotsureifyou’lldowell.Idon’tthinkthere’sanythingworsethanfailingtotry.I’msogladItried,anditsurelypaidoff.11.Whydidtheauthorwanttochangeherjob?A.Shegotboredofheroldboss.B.Shefollowedhersister’sadvice.C.Shewaspaidtoolittleatheroldjob.D.Sheintendedtochallengesomethingnew.12.Howdidtheauthorfeelaftersheenteredthenewcompany?A.Excited. B.Stressed.C.Curious. D.Comfortable.13.Theauthorcouldfinallyhandleherjobmainlybecause________.A.herbosstrustedhertotryB.sheknewshewoulddowellC.shewashardworkingandmadealotofeffortD.peoplearoundherhelpedhersolvethechallenge14.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Totellreadersthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.B.Towarnabouttherisksandchallengeswhenchangingjobs.C.Toexposerisksandchallengesinasmallandnewlyfoundedcompany.D.Toencouragereaderstotakeonchallengesandturnrisksintoopportunities.5Ifyouareateenagerwithoutajob,youprobablydonothavemuchextramoney.Sometimesparentswillgivetheirchildrenaweeklypocketmoneyfordoingsmallhousework,butitisoftennotenoughoncethechildrengrowintoteenagersandwanttodothingswiththeirfriendsallofthetime.Howtomakemoneyisanimportantthingforteenstolearn.Ifyou’rewonderinghowateenagercanmakegoodmoney,someideasmightbe.Gettingapart-timejobatalocalrestaurantorstoreisalwaysasurewaytomakemoneyasateen.Butgettingajobsomewherelikethismightbehard,consideringmanyjobsinlocalstoresarebeingtakenbyadultsmoreandmoreoften.Babysittingisalwaysagoodwaytomakemoneyasateenager,andfindingjobsasababysitterisofteneasierthanfindingajobatastore.Doinglandscaping(綠化)issomethingthatmostadultsdonotliketodo,andteenscanusuallyfindjobsaroundtheirneighborhooddoingthelandscapingoffriendsandfamilySometeensaregoodatsomethingsuchaswritingorphotography.Theseteenscanmakemoneybydoingthingssuchaswritingarticlesfornewspapersormagazinesorsellingtheirphotosonline.Teenswholiveinacountryareacantryraisingtheirownanimalssuchaschickens,andsellingthemortheirproducts.Lookingforjobscanseemhardatfirst,butifyouhaveatry,itshouldnotbetoohardtofindajoborwaytomakemoney.15.Whatproblemdoteenagershavetofacewhenfindingajobinlocalstores?A.Lowpay. B.Competitionwithgrown-ups.C.Longworkinghours. D.Heavywork16.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Gettingapart-timejobishardforteens.B.Mostgrown-upshatedoinglandscaping.C.Pocketmoneyfromparentsisoftenenoughforteens.D.Lookingafterbabiesiseasierthanservingcustomersinarestaurant.17.Whichofthefollowingiseasierforteensfromthecountryiftheywanttoearnextramoney?A.Babysitting. B.Doinglandscaping.C.Raisinganimals. D.Sellingphotosonline.18.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheNecessarySkillstoMakeMoneyB.HowImportantIsMoneytoaTeenagerC.HowCanaTeenagerMakeExtraMoneyD.TeenagersShouldDependonThemselves二、七選五ThreeKeyStepstoMotivateYourTeamtoStriveforExcellenceItisaknownfactthatoneofthemostcompellingreasonsemployeesleavetheirjobisbecausetheyfeelunappreciated,orthattheybringnorealvaluetotheirteam.19.Inordertomotivateandbuildupateamforexcellence,therearesomekeystepsthatyoushouldfollow.20.Thisdoesnotmeanthatyoushouldhangoutwiththematthelocalbar,orbecomeoneoftheirweekendbuddies.Whatitdoesmeanisthatifyouwanttomotivateyourteamtoexcellence,thenyoushouldtakethetimetogettoknowyourteampersonallybytalkingindividuallytothematdifferenttimes,askingbasicquestions,andlettingthemseethatyouarehumanandaccessible.21.Recognizethemasaperson,notjusttheirability.Toooften,wearequicktopraisepeopleforajobwelldone,butwefailtoletthepersonknowthatweappreciatethemasaperson.Praisethemforthatjobwelldone,buttakenoticeoftheirpersonalqualitiesandtalentsandhowtheybringvaluetotheteam.22.Forexample:“HeyJohnny,thoseweresomegreatideasyoucameupwithintheteammeetingtoday,Ilikethewayyouthink!”Maketheirsuccesspublic.Taketimeinyourteammeetingseachweektorecognizeandtalkaboutthepeoplewhomadeadifferencethatweek.23.Thismakesotherswanttopushharderanddomoreastheyseethathardworkisvalued.Manytimesotherteammembersdonotknowwhathashappenedinotherdepartments,ortheaccomplishmentsthattheyhavehad,sothisisalsoagreatwayforyourteamtokeepupwiththelatestandgreatest.A.Buildarelationshipwithyourteam.B.Treatyourteamtosomethingspecial.C.Lettherestoftheteamseethatyoutooknoticeandyouappreciateit.D.Peoplewillfinditdifficultto“goalong”withyouiftheycannot“getalong”withyou.E.Somethingspecialhappenswhenwehearourname—ittellsusthatweareimportant.F.Ifyouwanttomotivateyourteamtodotheirverybest,youhavetoletthemknowthattheyareavitalpartofyourteam.G.Thisshouldbedoneinpersonrandomlysothattheycanseethatyouaretheonewhonoticedandyouknowtheyareonyourteam.三、語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式，并將答案填寫(xiě)在答題卡上.Areporterwasinterviewinganastronaut.Sheaskedhim,"Howhaveyoubecomeanastronautand,24.（general）speaking,whataretherequirementstobecomeanastronaut?"Theastronautanswered,"MyexperienceasanastronautwasbornthankstotheAeronauticaMilitare.WhenI25.（enter）theAirForcein1995,myprojectwastobecomeapilotoftacticalaircraft.After26.（complete）mytrainingattheEuro-NATOJointJetPilottrainingschool,atSheppardAirForceBase,Texas,IreturnedtoItalytobeafighterpilot.Then,Iwasallowed27.（become）anexperimentalpilotandIgraduatedfromtheEPNER,theFrenchtestpilotschool,inIstres.In2008,withtheexperimentalpilotidentity,Icouldapply28.acareerasanESAastronaut.Therewere（andtherestillare）two29.（path）tomakeoneselfbecomeanastronaut:apilotmethod,forthosewhohavepilotexperience,andanon-pilotmethodforthosewhohaveascience（engineering,physics,medical,etc）background.Ifyouareinthepilotpath,beingatestpilotgivesyoumorepointsintheselection（選拔）becausethere30.（be）muchsimilaritybetweenthepilot'sworkand31.oftheastronaut.WhenIapplied,backin2008,twoastronauts32.（choose）fromthepilotmethodandfour-actuallyfive,includingone33.waslateradded-camefromthenon-pilotmethod."四、完形填空1KatieWhetsellhasbeenenjoyingDisneymoviesfromanearlyageandwouldoftenwatchthemwithhermom,Karen.Confidentaboutherself,Katieknewshe34wouldbeaperformerinthefuture.WhenKatiewasnineyearsold,herfamilywereshockedbyanunexpected35.Katie’smotherwasdiagnosed(診斷）withcancer.WhenthedoctortoldtheWhetsellfamilythatKaren'sdiseasewasserious,andthatshewas36togetwellagain,theymadea(n)37.DisneyWorldhadbeenalongtimedreamforKaren.SothefamilyheadedtoDisneyWorldforatripthatnoneofthemwouldever38.Whiletheywerewatchingalightshow,aperformerputherhandsonKaren'sshoulder.Theyexchangedsmilesand,tothisday,Katiestillremembershow39hermomlooked.ThiswasthedayKatiedecidedshewantedto40forDisney.Sadly,Katie'smomKarenlosther41.Herfamilymembers42hereverydayandoftenthinkofthatDisneyvacation.Katiewentontopursue(追求）performingforaliving.She43foryears,workingasawaitressandtryingtomakeitasa(n)44.Hereffortfinally45whenshewashiredasaperformerinDisney.Katiesaysshecouldhelpotherfamiliesgetawayfromthe46intheirlives,whetherit'sabattlewithcancerorsimplyhelpingadultsfeellikekidsagain.“Everythingwedoattheparksmakesa47.Wegivepeopleanopportunityto48withtheirchildhood.”34.A.fortunately B.surely C.normally D.hardly35.A.proposal B.target C.turn D.detail36.A.unnecessary B.unusual C.unwise D.unlikely37.A.decision B.rule C.judgment D.choice38.A.expect B.imagine C.enjoy D.forget39.A.surprised B.delighted C.concerned D.awkward40.A.answer B.head C.account D.work41.A.battle B.confidence C.balance D.anger42.A.remind B.consider C.remember D.comfort43.A.struggled B.rented C.survived D.pressed44.A.volunteer B.performer C.star D.operator45.A.gotoff B.paidoff C.paidback D.gotback46.A.tension B.failure C.suffering D.loss47.A.difference B.effort C.response D.adventure48.A.agree B.compare C.live D.reconnect2I'mstandinginaclassofwild14-year-oldgirlsastheythrowpaperandhowlwithlaughter.Theywon'tlistentome.Ineverwantedto49.Iwantedtobeawriter.ButwhenIarrivedinLondon,theywere50ofteachers.Myeffortsatteachingwere51.Whenthebellfinallyrang,I52tothestaffroom,redwithanger.Theotherteachersweren't53.“T