選擇性必修四Unit1Honestyandresponsibility知識(shí)背誦清單一、背重點(diǎn)單詞1.______________adj.靈敏的，敏銳的；渴望，熱切，熱衷于2.______________vt.概述，略述n.概述；輪廓線，略圖3.______________n.&vt.逮捕，拘捕4.______________adv.不過，總之；盡管如此；而且；隨便地5.______________n.(義務(wù)、責(zé)任等的)重?fù)?dān)，負(fù)擔(dān)6.______________vt.&vi.(forgave,forgiven)原諒，寬?。幻獬?債務(wù))7.______________vt.欺騙，蒙騙vi.作弊，舞弊8.______________vt.包，裹；用……纏繞n.披肩，圍巾；包裹材料9.______________vi.&vt,假裝；裝扮，扮作；自詡，自認(rèn)為10.______________n.榮幸；特殊利益vt.給予特權(quán)，特別優(yōu)待11.______________vt.&vi.播種，種12.______________n.收成，收獲量；收獲季節(jié)，收割vt.&vi.收割，捕獵答案：1.keen2.outline3.arrest4.anyhow5.burden6.forgive7.cheat8.wrap9.pretend10.privilege11.sow12.harvest二、用核心詞匯1.appointw.約定，指定，確定；任命，委任→_________________adj.約定的，指定的→_________________n.約定，約會(huì)；任命，委任；職務(wù)2.relyvi.依賴，依靠→_________________adj.可信賴的，可依靠的；真實(shí)可信的，可靠的→____________adj.不能信賴的，不可靠的3.worthadj.有……價(jià)值；值……錢→_________________adj.沒有價(jià)值的；沒有用的→_________________adj.值得花時(shí)間(或花錢、努力等),重要的，令人愉快的→_________________adj.值得……的；有價(jià)值的4.suspectw.&vi.疑有，覺得n.嫌疑犯，可疑對(duì)象→_________________adj.可疑的→_________________n.懷疑，嫌疑5.crimen.罪行，犯罪行為→____________n.罪犯adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的6.innocentadj.無(wú)辜的，清白的，無(wú)罪的；天真無(wú)邪的，純真的n.無(wú)辜者，單純的人→_________________adj.無(wú)罪地→_________________n.天真：?jiǎn)渭儯簾o(wú)罪7.legaladj.合法的；法律的→_________________adv.合法地→__________________adj.非法的→_________________adv.非法地8.resignvt.&.vi.辭職，辭去→__________________n.辭職；辭職信9.guiltn.內(nèi)疚；悔恨；犯罪→__________________adj.感到內(nèi)疚的，感到慚愧的；有罪的，有過失的10.shamen.羞恥，慚愧；遺憾的事→__________________adj.慚愧，羞愧，尷尬→_______________adj.不體面的→___________________adj.不知羞恥的11.disappointvt.使失望→___________________adj.失望的，沮喪的→__________________adj.令人失望的→__________________n.失望12.mercyn.仁慈，寬恕→___________________adj.寬大的；仁慈的13.faultn.過錯(cuò)，責(zé)任；弱點(diǎn)，缺點(diǎn)→___________________adj.有故障的，有缺陷的14.couragen.勇氣→___________________v.鼓勵(lì)→_________________vt.使灰心；勸阻→__________________adj.令人泄氣或沮喪的→_________________adj.灰心的→__________________n.勸阻；泄氣；使人泄氣的事；挫折，氣餒15.savevt.儲(chǔ)蓄，節(jié)省→__________________n.節(jié)省物，節(jié)??；儲(chǔ)蓄金答案：1.appointed;appointment2.reliable;unreliable3.worthless;worthwhile;worthy4.suspicious;suspicion5.criminal6.innocently;innocence7.legally;illegal;illegally8.resignation9.guilty10.ashamed;shameful;shameless11.disappointed;disappointing;disappointment12.merciful13.faulty14.encourage;discourage;discouraging;discouraged;discouragement15.saving【語(yǔ)境活用】1.Hewas______________asheadmasterandwantedtotellhisgoodfriendthegoodnewsatthe_______________time,buthemissedtheir______________somehow.(appoint)2.Fromhis______________look,Ijudgedhewasn'thired,whichwasreally______________.ButIstill______________himtogotootherpaniestotryhisfortune.(courage)3.Itis______________totraveltoBeijing,becausemanyplacesofinterestarewell___________visiting.TheGreatWallisparticularly______________ofbeingvisited.(worth)4.Asisknowntoall,the______________thingsshouldbeprotectedandanything______________mustbebanned.(legal)5.Shewasdeeply_______________ofherson'sbehaviouratthedinnertable,butherhusbandthoughtitwasn'ta______________action,(shame)答案：1.appointed;appointed;appointment2.discouraged;discouraging;encouraged3.worthwhile;worth;worthy4.legal;illegal5.ashamed;shameful三、記高頻詞匯1.appointmentn.約定，約會(huì)；任命，委任；職務(wù)背詞條用法(1)haveanappointmentwithsb.與某人有約會(huì)makeanappointmentwithsb.與某人預(yù)約keep/breakanappointment守/違(爽)約(2)appointsb.as/tobe..任命某人為……appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事背寫作佳句①(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)It'sagreatpitythatIhavetocanceltheSundaybookstoreappointmentwithyou.非常遺憾，我不得不取消我們周日一起逛書店的約定。②Apunctualpersonisinthehabitofdoingathingatthepropertimeandneverbreaksanappointment.一個(gè)守時(shí)的人有按時(shí)做事的習(xí)慣，從不違約。2.reliableadj.可信賴的，可依靠的；真實(shí)可信的，可靠的背詞條用法relyon/uponsb./sth.指望某人/某事relyon/uponsb.todosth.指望/相信某人會(huì)做某事relyonitthat..相信……;指望……背寫作佳句①Actually,heisanhonestandreliableperson,whomyoucanrelyon.實(shí)際上，他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)、可靠的人，你可以信賴他。②YoucanrelyonitthatIcanfinishtheworkontime.你可以相信我能按時(shí)完成工作的。3.worthwhileadj.值得花時(shí)間(或花錢、努力等),重要的，令人愉快的背詞條用法(1)It’sworthwhiledoingsth./It’sworthwhiletodosth.值得做某事(2)beworthyofsth.值得的；配得上的beworthyofbeingdone值得被做beworthytobedone值得被做(3)beworth錢數(shù)/n.值....../值得......beworthdoing值得做背寫作佳句①It'sworthwhilereading/toreadliterarybooksbecausetheycanhelpustoknowmoreaboutthesocietyandlife.讀文學(xué)書是值得的，因?yàn)樗鼈兡軒椭覀兏嗟亓私馍鐣?huì)和生活。②Whateverisworthdoingisworthdoingwell.任何值得做的事都值得被做好。4.suspectvt.&vi.疑有，覺得n.嫌疑犯，可疑對(duì)象背詞條用法suspectsb,/sth懷疑某人/某事suspectsb.of(doing)sth.懷疑某人(做了)某事suspectsb.tobe..懷疑某人是……,猜想某人是……suspectthat...懷疑，猜想……背寫作佳句①Ifyoususpectagasleak,donotstrikeamatchoreventurnonanelectriclight.假如你懷疑有煤氣泄漏，不要?jiǎng)澔鸩瘢踔吝B電燈都不要開。②Don'tsuspecthimofhishonestybecauseheisveryreliable.不要懷疑他的誠(chéng)實(shí)，因?yàn)樗芸煽俊?.burdenn.(義務(wù)、責(zé)任等的)重?fù)?dān)，負(fù)擔(dān)vt.使擔(dān)負(fù)，負(fù)重背詞條用法(1)aburdenon/to..是……的負(fù)擔(dān)bear(takeon)/carry/reduce/sharetheburden承受/擔(dān)負(fù)/減少/分擔(dān)重?fù)?dān)(2)burdensb./oneselfwithsth.裝載……;使……負(fù)擔(dān)……beburdenedwith..負(fù)重；為……所累背寫作佳句①Onlywhenweputdownthoseunnecessaryburdencanwegoalltheway.只有放下那些無(wú)謂的負(fù)擔(dān)，我們才能一路瀟灑前行。②Therewillbemanychallengesahead,butIhaveconfidencethatI'lltakeon/beartheburden.盡管前面會(huì)有很多挑戰(zhàn)，但我有信心勇挑重?fù)?dān)。6.disappointedadj.失望的，沮喪的背詞條用法(1)bedisappointedat/with/bysth.對(duì)某事感到失望bedisappointedinsb.對(duì)某人感到失望bedisappointedthat...對(duì)……感到失望/沮喪bedisappointedtodosth.因做某事而失望(2)(much)toone'sdisappointment=toone's(great)disappointment令某人(非常)失望的是背寫作佳句①Theyweregreatlydisappointedat/with/bytheresultofthegame.他們對(duì)比賽結(jié)果極為失望。②Wewerealldisappointedtolearnthatthepicnichadbeencancelled.得知野餐取消了，我們都很失望。7.pretendvi.&vt.假裝；裝扮，扮作；自詡，自認(rèn)為背詞條用法pretendtobe+adj./n.假裝是pretendtodo假裝做……pretendtobedoing假裝正在做……pretendtohavedone假裝做了……pretendthat......假裝……;謊稱……背寫作佳句①Beyourself.Don'tpretendtobesomeoneyou'renot,做你自己。不要裝成一個(gè)不是自己的人。②(2020·天津高考)WhenIamfacedwithdifficultiesinlearning,Iwon'tpretendtohaveknownit,butturntomyclassmatesorteachers.當(dāng)我在學(xué)習(xí)中遇到難題時(shí)，我會(huì)向同學(xué)或老師求助，而不是不懂裝懂。四、短語(yǔ)再現(xiàn)1.________________________拆毀，拆除2.________________________發(fā)財(cái)3.________________________失去聯(lián)系4.________________________出現(xiàn)，到來(lái)，露面5.________________________拽出，扯出；退出；駛離路邊6.________________________遵守與……的約定7.________________________至少8.________________________深入長(zhǎng)談9.________________________臂挽著臂10.________________________把……變成……11.________________________被逮捕12.________________________與……閑聊13.________________________準(zhǔn)備著14.________________________對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)15.________________________把……視為16.________________________任……處置17.________________________出錯(cuò)；發(fā)生故障答案：1.teardown2.makeone'sfortune3.losecontact4.turnup5.pullout6.keepanappointmentwith7.atleast8.haveagoodlongtalk9.arminarm10.o...11.underarrest12.haveachatwith13.instore14.beresponsiblefor15.regard...as16.atthemercyofsb./sth.17.gowrong短語(yǔ)活用1.makeone'sfortune發(fā)財(cái)，成功立業(yè)背相關(guān)短語(yǔ)makeafortune發(fā)財(cái)try/seekone'sfortune找出路；碰運(yùn)氣背寫作佳句①Nowadaysmanyyoungpeoplehopetoruntheirownpaniesanddreamofmakingtheirfortunes.現(xiàn)在很多年輕人希望開辦自己的公司，夢(mèng)想能成功立業(yè)。②Hetoldusthathewasgoingtothebigcitytoseekhisfortune.他告訴我們他要去大城市碰碰運(yùn)氣。2.atthemercyofsb./sth.任……處置，對(duì)……無(wú)能為力背相關(guān)短語(yǔ)atone'smercy任由……擺布或控制beg/askformercy乞求寬恕showmercyto對(duì)……憐憫或?qū)捤avemercyto對(duì)……憐憫或?qū)捤ithoutmercy殘忍地；毫無(wú)同情心地背寫作佳句①Atthemercyofthestrongwind,thelittletreesonthetopofthemountaincouldn'tstandupstraight.在強(qiáng)風(fēng)肆虐中，山頂上的小樹根本無(wú)法挺立。②Wehavecarriedoutaseriesofactivitiestocallonpeopletoshowmercytoanimals.我們開展了一系列的活動(dòng)，呼吁人們憐憫動(dòng)物。3.pullout拽出，扯出；退出；駛離路邊背相關(guān)短語(yǔ)pullin進(jìn)站?？?；吸入pullover把……開到路邊；駛向路邊pulltogether齊心協(xié)力pulldown拆毀；摧毀背寫作佳句①Thefathersawthetrainhissonwasonpullout,withhiseyesfulloftears.那位父親眼含淚水，看著載著他兒子的火車駛出(車站)。②Whetherthebuildingsinthisareashouldbepulleddownhasremainedcontroversial,andpeoplearestilllookingforotherpossiblesolutions.這個(gè)地區(qū)的建筑物是否需要拆毀還存在爭(zhēng)議，人們?nèi)栽趯ふ移渌赡艿慕鉀Q方法。4.gowrong出錯(cuò)；發(fā)生故障；出現(xiàn)問題背相關(guān)短語(yǔ)(1)getsb./sth.wrong誤會(huì)，誤解，曲解putafootwrong(通常用于否定句)犯錯(cuò)誤(2)judgebetweenrightandwrong判斷是非inthewrong(在事故、錯(cuò)誤、爭(zhēng)論等中)有錯(cuò)rightawrong糾正錯(cuò)誤；平反昭雪背寫作佳句①ButifsuperintelligentAIgoeswrongorfallsintothewronghands,itcouldalsobethemostdangerous.但是如果超智能人工智能出錯(cuò)或者落入壞人手中，它也可能是最危險(xiǎn)的。②Theboyisoldenoughtojudgebetweenrightandwrong.這個(gè)男孩足夠大了，能判斷是非了。知識(shí)背誦檢測(cè)I.單詞拼寫1.We________________(懷疑)thattheyaretryingtohidesomething.2.Sincetheyhadnoexactproofaboutit,theycouldnot__________________(逮捕)him.3.Itwasnotlongbeforethedetectivefoundthe________________(罪犯)whohadescapedfromprison.4.Iwasn'tqualifiedtoapplyforthejobreallybutIgotit________________(盡管如此)。5.Wemustassumehimtobe________________(無(wú)辜的)untilheisprovedguilty.6.Myfather___________________(辭職)hisdirectorshiplastyearbecauseofhisbadhealth.7.Hopingforsuccesswithouthardworkisliketryingto________________(收獲)whereyouhaven'tplantedseeds.Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境辨義(寫出加黑部分的漢語(yǔ)意思)1.Inthedarknesstheycouldseetheoutlineofavillage.______________2.TheshowsairedinJanuaryandFebruaryhaveachievedsatisfactoryfigures,reflectingtheaudience'skeeninterestinChinesefolkculture.______________3.(2018·天津高考)Foryoursafety,nevertamperwith(胡亂擺弄)thesesystems.Falsefirealarmsareillegalandmayleadtoimprisonment.______________4.(2019·北章高考)Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.______________5.Concernfortheenvironmentisatthecoreofourpolicies.______________6.(熟詞生義)Wehadtoresignourselvestomakingalossonthesale.______________7.(熟詞生義)Believeitornot,I'llforgiveyouthedebt.______________8.(熟詞生義)Myfatherinspiredmetoembracethechallengesinmylifewithanopenheart.______________Ⅲ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Hedidwellinmathematics,but______________(bare)gotthroughinchemistry.2.Wearelookingforsomeonewhois______________(rely)andhardworking.3.Itisworthwhile______________(talk)toyourparentsbeforemakingyourfinaldecision.4.ThenewCEOisaneducated,considerate,and______________(decency)man.5.Chinaneedstheservicesofasmanyintellectualsaspossibleforthetaskof______________(social)construction.6.Shefeels______________(guilt)aboutspendinglesstimelatelywithhertwokids.7.Therewouldbeadaywhenourfaceswouldbe_______________(wrinkle)IV.選詞填空teardown,makeafortune,turnup,atleast,regard….as,gowrong,inallaspects,makeadifference1.Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,____________________oneofthebestallroundformsofexercise.2.Onlybydiscoveringwhatwedobestcanwehopetoreachourgoalsandtruly____________________.3.Whenthings_____________________,allofusnaturallyfeeldisappointedandfrustrated.4.Asmilecanopendoorsand____________________wallsamongstrangers.5.Mostofusedownwith____________________acoupleofcoldsayear.6.It'swrongofsomepeopletodreamof____________________withouthardwork.7.Whenthesportshero____________________atourparty,hewasweledwithopenarms.8.Thisruleappliestoeverything,________________________oflife.V.關(guān)聯(lián)詞匯用準(zhǔn)用活1.用活——同義試試看(用本單元詞匯替換黑體詞匯)

①There'snothingmorerewardingthanspendingtimewithone'sfamily.____________②Idon'thaveanyparticularreasontodistrustthem.____________③Shethoughtshewouldnotbeabletobeartheloadofbringingupherfamilyalone.____________④Hisparentstriedtopreventhimfrombeinganactor.____________2.用準(zhǔn)——易錯(cuò)對(duì)對(duì)碰(1)disappointedVSdisappointing①Onebyone,theapplicantslefttheinterviewer'sofficewith____________(disappoint)looksontheirfaces.②Thespeechwasquite_______________(disappoint);itleftoutsomemainquestions.(2)turndownVStu