限時規(guī)范練14Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars核心素養(yǎng)關(guān)鍵詞:培養(yǎng)學(xué)生人與科學(xué)、關(guān)注前沿科技的素養(yǎng)能力意識一、閱讀理解ASomenewcometshavebeendiscoveredaccidentallybyamateurastronomers.Surprisinglyafewbrightcometshavebeendiscoveredwiththenakedeye(肉眼)bymembersofthegeneralpublic.However,agreatnumberofcometsarefoundbycomethunterscarryingouttelescopesearchesofchosenareasofthenightsky.AsthemovementofallcometsisdirectedaroundtheSunandbecausethesebodiesbrightenastheymovetowardstheSun,thereisagreaterpossibilityforthediscoveryofanewcometintheskiestowardstheSunratherthanawayfromtheSun’sdirection.Thismeansthatsearchesshouldbeputonthewesternskyaftereveninglightandontheeasternskybeforemorninglight.Fromtheastronomicalpointthereisnotimeduringtheyearwhichisthebestforthediscoveryofnewcomets.AsearchcanbedoneatanytimeprovidingthereisnobrightMoon.Studiesdoneonthediscoveryconditionsofcometsdiscoveredbeforeshowthatmorecometshavebeendiscoveredinthemorningskythanintheeveningsky.Thusthesmartcomethuntershouldmakesurethatmorningactivityreceivesasmuchasifnotmoreattentionthaneveningeffort.Inrecenttimes,theuseofadvancedCCDtechnologytodiscoverobjectsclosetotheEarthwillinthefuturegreatlyreducethechancesofnewcometsbeingfoundwithsmalltelescopes.AnexampleofthenewtechnologyistheverysuccessfulLINEARprogramoperatinginNewMexico.However,untilasimilarsystemisbasedinthesouthernhalfoftheEarththerewillcontinuetobechancesforthediscoveryofnewcometswhichcomefromthesouth.1.Whatarecomethuntersadvisedtodo?A.LookawayfromtheSun.B.Staywherethere’sbrightlight.C.Facethewesternskyinthedaytime.D.Turntotheeastintheearlymorning.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthetimeforthediscoveryofnewcomets?A.Dayswhenthey’reclosetotheEartharegreatchances.B.Certainfixeddaysarebestforwatchingcomets.C.Everydayisthesameifthere’snobrightMoon.D.DayswiththeMoonshouldneverbemissed.3.Whichofthefollowingisasmartideaforcomethunters?A.Payingmoreattentioninthemorningthanintheafternoon.B.Beingequallyseriousbothinthemorningandafternoon.C.Beingmorerelaxedinthemorningthanintheafternoon.D.Formingahabitofworkingonlyinthemorning.4.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheCCDtechnology?A.It’ssimilartoatelescope.B.It’lldisappointcomethunters.C.It’sspreadingallovertheworld.D.It’llmakecomethuntersfeellucky.BItdoesn’tmatterhowyouchoosetoliveyourlife—whateveryoudo,someonewilljudgeyou.Withthatinmind,let’stalkaboutbeingjudgedandcriticized.WhenIstartedwriting,itwasn’tthehurtfulcriticismfromreadersthatpreventedmefromgettingstarted.ItwasmyworriesaboutwhattheywouldthinkifIwroteaboutthethingsIcaredabout.IwrotemyideasinaprivatedocumentforayearbeforeIworkedupthecouragetostartsharingthempublicly.Usually,haterssimplycriticizeandmoveon.Andthatmeansthatyoucansafelyignorethemandcontinuedoingyourthing.Butthatiseasiersaidthandonebecauseweallliketobevalidated.Somepeoplelikeitmorethanothers,buteveryonewantstoberespectedandappreciatedtosomedegree.Icertainlydo.IknowthatwheneverIchoosetotakeariskandsharemyworkwiththeworld,Iwonderabouthowthepeoplearoundmewillseemebecauseofthatchoice.Willthishelpmyfame?Willthishurtmyfame?ShouldIevenbeworryingaboutmyfame?Finally,Idecidedthatitwasmoreimportanttocontributesomethingtotheworldthanitwastoprotectmyselffromcriticism.Thetruthaboutcriticismisthatit’salmostalwaysinyourhead.Itisnaturalformostpeopletoholdontonegativecriticism.Accordingtoaresearchpapertitled“BadIsStrongerThanGood”byRoyBaumeisterandresearchersatFloridaStateUniversity,wearemorelikelytoremembernegativecriticismthanpraise.Baumeisterfoundthatevenhappypeoplearemorelikelytoremembermorenegativeeventsthanpositiveones.Infact,Baumeisterandhisteamsaythatwhenitcomestoyourbrain,ittakesaboutfivepositiveeventstomakeupforonenegativeone.5.Whatpreventedtheauthorfromgettingstartedonwriting?A.Herownfears.B.Herlackofexperience.C.People’sjudgmentonherworks.D.People’sdifferentopinionsonwriting.6.Whichwordcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“validated”inParagraph4?A.Judged. B.Helped.C.Studied. D.Praised.7.WhatkindoffeelingdothequestionsinParagraph4show?A.Shock. B.Worry.C.Regret. D.Sadness.8.WhatcanbelearnedfromRoyBaumeister’sresearch?A.Weshouldtrytoavoidnegativeevents.B.Criticismcanbringaboutpositiveinfluence.C.Weremembernegativecriticismmorestrongly.D.Criticismhelpspeopleknowmoreaboutthemselves.二、完形填空Doyouliketalkingorworkingtogetherwithyourparents?Itgoeswithoutsayingthattherearemany1inwhichyoungpeoplecan2theoldergeneration.Inboththeirworkandtheirprivatelives,youngsterscangetalotfromthe3oftheirelders.

Asforwork,theoldergenerationcan4howyoungpeoplecanachievethecareerthey5.Forexample,theycan6whattodoinordertodeveloptheskillsthatwillgiveyoungpeoplethebestchanceofsuccess.Theymay7beabletogiveinvaluableadviceastowhich8youngpeopleshouldtakeornottake.Itmayevenbethecasethattheolderpersonwillbeabletoasktheirfriendstohelptheyoungeronefinda9.

Olderpeoplemayalsobeabletousethe10oftheirownlifeexperiencetohelpyoungpeoplewithadviceon11.Itcanhappenthatolderpeoplewishtheyhadacted12intheirownrelationships,sotheymaywishtoencourageyoungsterstoavoidsimilar13.Ifyoungpeoplearepreparedtolistentothiskindof14,itmaywellprove15forthem.

Ofthetwo16oflifediscussedabove,Ithinkyoungpeoplecanlearnmorefromtheoldergenerationinthefieldof17.Afterall,norelationshipisthesame,18whatmightbe19inonesituationmightnotinanother.Adviceoncareersismorelikelytobe20inavarietyofdifferingsituations.

1.A.places B.waysC.styles D.habits2.A.hearof B.lookafterC.learnfrom D.talkabout3.A.joy B.experienceC.kindness D.courage4.A.decide B.predictC.change D.explain5.A.dreamof B.believeinC.giveaway D.giveup6.A.choose B.requireC.plan D.suggest7.A.also B.neverC.instead D.only8.A.vacation B.examC.job D.subject9.A.role B.hobbyC.position D.task10.A.difficulty B.introductionC.improvement D.advantage11.A.travels B.relationshipsC.education D.housework12.A.unusually B.differentlyC.quickly D.patiently13.A.questions B.accidentsC.conversations D.mistakes14.A.answer B.storyC.advice D.promise15.A.normal B.helpfulC.enough D.impossible16.A.fields B.rulesC.events D.patterns17.A.study B.workC.sport D.art18.A.but B.ifC.because D.so19.A.simple B.hardC.special D.right20.A.given B.noticedC.followed D.found三、短文改錯WhenIwasyoung,myfamilymovedaroundalot,butIwenttolotsofdifferentschoolsandmeetpeoplefromdifferentplacesandbackgrounds.Ithinkofthatexperiencegavemealotofcommunicationskills.I’magoodlistener,andI’mgoodathelppeoplegetonwitheachother.Itprovestobeing,ofcourse,reallyusefullyatwork.Forthelasttwoyears,I’vebeenrunningasocialclubwithsomeofmyfriend.It’saclubforelderlypeople,payingforbythegovernment.Ofcourse,Iusemycommunicationskillsthere.Ithinkbeingagoodcommunicatorisimportantpartofmanagement,maybethemoreimportantofall.參考答案限時規(guī)范練14(必修3Unit4)一、【篇章導(dǎo)讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了觀測彗星的要領(lǐng)。一些業(yè)余的天文學(xué)愛好者發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些彗星。甚至一些普通大眾也能通過肉眼觀察到彗星,但大多數(shù)彗星都是在夜空中通過天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀察到的。1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Thismeansthatsearchesshouldbeputonthewesternskyaftereveninglightandontheeasternskybeforemorninglight.”可知,早晨太陽出來之前應(yīng)觀測東面的天空。2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“AsearchcanbedoneatanytimeprovidingthereisnobrightMoon.”可知,只要沒有月亮,每一天對彗星獵人來說都一樣可以觀測。3.B推理判斷題。由第四段中的“Thusthesmartcomethuntershouldmakesurethatmorningactivityreceivesasmuchasifnotmoreattentionthaneveningeffort.”可知,早晚觀測彗星應(yīng)該投入一樣的精力。4.B推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“Inrecenttimes,theuseofadvancedCCDtechnologytodiscoverobjectsclosetotheEarthwillinthefuturegreatlyreducethechancesofnewcometsbeingfoundwithsmalltelescopes.”可知,這種技術(shù)降低了彗星獵人成功的概率,他們應(yīng)該會感到有些失望?！酒聦?dǎo)讀】本文是議論文。對于批評,我們的恐懼和難以釋懷是正常的,但是我們需要忽略它們繼續(xù)前行。5.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“ItwasmyworriesaboutwhattheywouldthinkifIwroteaboutthethingsIcaredabout.”可知答案。6.D詞義猜測題。由下一句中的“everyonewantstoberespectedandappreciatedtosomedegree”可知,每個人都希望被尊重、贊揚和認(rèn)可,因此畫線詞可以替換為praised(贊揚)。7.B推理判斷題。這三個問題是作者在內(nèi)心問自己的。每個人都想獲得他人的肯定,維護自己的聲譽,作者也不例外,因此會擔(dān)心自己的決定影響自己的聲譽。8.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的“wearemorelikelytoremembernegativecriticismthanpraise”可知答案。二、【篇章導(dǎo)讀】本文是議論文。年輕人可以從上一輩人身上學(xué)到很多東西。1.B由下文年輕人可以在工作和人際關(guān)系上從上一輩人身上學(xué)到很多東西可知,此處表示在很多“方面(ways)”。2.C由下文第二、三段可知,年輕人在工作和人際關(guān)系上可以向上一輩人“學(xué)習(xí)(learnfrom)”。3.B第三段中的theirownlifeexperience對本空有提示。