專題五

介詞命題點(diǎn)1介詞的用法與辨析命題點(diǎn)2介詞短語和介詞的固定搭配命題點(diǎn)1介詞的用法與辨析（10年7考；完形填空A、完形填空B）

中考解讀：分析江西近10年中考真題可知，介詞的用法與辨析主要在完形填空A和完形填空B中考查，具體考查情況如下：

解題技巧：解答此類試題的關(guān)鍵是掌握常見介詞的含義及用法。常見介詞的含義及用法如下：介詞含義及用法示例/例句on在。用在具體的某天或某天的上午、下午、晚上或節(jié)日前。on

Tuesday在星期二

on

September

1st在九月一日

on

a

cold

morning在一個(gè)寒冷的早晨in在。后接較長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間（如世紀(jì)、年份、季節(jié)、月份等）。in

the

21st

century在21世紀(jì)

in

2009在2009年

in

summer在夏季

in

July在七月在。用在泛指的上午、下午、晚上前。in

the

morning/afternoon/evening

在上午/下午/晚上在……后。in

an

hour在一小時(shí)后

in

two

days兩天之后at在。用在某個(gè)時(shí)刻或黎明、正午、黃昏、午夜前。at

7：00在七點(diǎn)

at

noon在正午at

midnight在午夜?時(shí)間介詞介詞含義及用法示例/例句after在……之后。He’ll

come

back

after

two

o’clock.他將在兩點(diǎn)后回來。before在……之前。before

Christmas

在圣誕節(jié)前since“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/since+一段時(shí)間+ago”意為“自……以來”，表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)直至現(xiàn)在，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)。I

have

been

here

since

1989.

自從1989年我就在這里。

She

has

lived

in

this

city

since

five

years

ago.

自從五年前她就生活在這座城市。續(xù)表介詞含義及用法示例/例句for“for+時(shí)間段”表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)一段時(shí)間，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)。I

have

studied

in

the

school

for

2

years.

我在這所學(xué)校已經(jīng)讀了兩年書了。by不遲于某時(shí)，包括某時(shí)在內(nèi)。I

will

finish

the

work

by

Friday.

最晚星期五，我會(huì)完成這項(xiàng)工作。from從……開始。常和表示時(shí)間的介詞to（到……，至……）連用。from

Monday

to

Sunday

從周一到周日until/

till直到……，到……為止。后常接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。My

mother

didn’t

get

home

until

9:00

p.m.

直到晚上九點(diǎn)我媽媽才到家。續(xù)表?方位介詞（短語）介詞（短語）含義及用法示例/例句outside在……外面。You

can

park

your

car

outside

our

house.

你可以把汽車停在我們房子外面。inside在……里面。Inside

the

box

is

a

gold

watch.盒子里裝著一只金表。at在。用于較小的地方（如：建筑物、公共機(jī)關(guān)、機(jī)場(chǎng)、街道等）前。She

works

at

the

post

office.

她在郵局工作。介詞（短語）含義及用法示例/例句on在……表面上（接觸物體表面）。There

is

a

book

on

the

desk.

書桌上有一本書。在。在廣闊的平面上。on

the

lake

在湖面上在。兩地不在同一范圍內(nèi)，但接壤。The

country

is

on

the

south

of

China.

這個(gè)國(guó)家在中國(guó)的南邊。in在……里面。Xiaoming

is

in

the

room

now.

小明現(xiàn)在在房間里。續(xù)表介詞（短語）含義及用法示例/例句in在。某一小地點(diǎn)在另一大地點(diǎn)之內(nèi)。Japan

lies

in

the

east

of

Asia.

日本在亞洲東部。在。用于較大的地方（如：國(guó)家、城市、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、水域等）前。in

the

US在美國(guó)in

Lijiang在麗江to到；去；向；朝。有一定的方向性。I

went

to

the

park

this

morning.

我今天早上去了公園。在。表示在某一地域之外且不接壤。Japan

lies

to

the

east

of

China.

日本在中國(guó)的東邊。續(xù)表介詞

（短語）含義及用法示例/例句towards向……方向。指方向，不包含到達(dá)目的地概念。（2021.51）John

drove

towards

Shanghai.約翰開車往上海方向去。into到……里面；進(jìn)入。Come

into

the

house.到屋里來。behind在……后面。There

is

a

cat

behind

the

door.

門后面有一只貓。in

front

of在……的前面（外部）。I

saw

a

garden

in

front

of

the

classroom.

我看見教室前面有個(gè)花園。續(xù)表介詞（短語）含義及用法示例/例句in

the

front

of在……的前面（內(nèi)部）。He

is

sitting

in

the

front

of

the

car.他坐在汽車的前面。near在……附近。Do

you

live

near

here?你住在這兒附近嗎？over在……正上方（兩者不接觸）。They

will

build

a

bridge

over

the

river.

他們將要在河上建一座橋。在……上面（表示部分覆蓋或者全部覆蓋）。She

put

a

blanket

over

the

sleeping

child.

她給熟睡的孩子蓋上了毯子。續(xù)表介詞（短語）含義及用法示例/例句above在……上方（兩者不接觸，也不一定垂直）。He

lifted

his

hands

above

his

head.

他將雙手舉過頭頂。under在……正下方（兩者不接觸）。A

dog

is

sitting

under

the

tree.一只狗正蹲在樹下。below在……下方（兩者不接觸，也不一定垂直）。There

is

a

chair

below

the

window.

窗戶下面有一把椅子。beside在……旁邊。Mary

sat

beside

me.

瑪麗坐在我旁邊。續(xù)表介詞（短語）含義及用法示例/例句by在……旁邊。Come

and

sit

by

me.

過來坐我旁邊。next

to緊挨著……My

home

is

next

to

the

bank.

我家緊挨著銀行。續(xù)表

?方式介詞介詞含義及用法示例/例句on“on+通訊工具/電子產(chǎn)品”意為“通過……”。talk

on

the

phone通過電話交談by通過（某種方式或手段）。后常跟動(dòng)名詞、名詞。I

learn

English

by

using

the

iPad.

我通過使用平板電腦來學(xué)英語?！癰y+交通工具”意為“乘坐……”。by

bike/bus騎自行車/乘公共汽車in使用。后接表示語言或者聲音等的名詞。in

Chinese用漢語

in

a

high/low

voice大/小聲地with使用。后接具體的有形的工具。He

broke

the

window

with

a

stone.

他用一塊石頭打破了窗戶。介詞含義及用法示例/例句with和……

（2012.41）I

like

staying

with

my

parents.

我喜歡和我的父母待在一起。帶有；具有。I

have

no

money

with

me.

我身上沒有錢。without沒有；缺乏。

（2021.36；2017.59）We

got

there

without

any

difficulty.

我們毫不費(fèi)力地到那兒了。不（做某事）。He

left

without

saying

anything.

他什么都沒說就走了。as作為;以……身份。（2020.49）He

came

to

China

as

a

tourist

five

years

ago.

他五年前以游客的身份來到中國(guó)。?其他常見介詞介詞含義及用法示例/例句as像；如同；跟……一樣。She

describes

herself

as

a

reporter.她把自己描述得如同一位記者。than比。常和比較級(jí)連用。（2019.56）I

am

taller

than

you.

我比你高。like像；例如。（2014.46）I

like

reading

English

novels

like

LittleWomen.

我喜歡讀像《小婦人》這樣的英文小說。像；與……相似。Tom

looks

like

his

mother.

湯姆長(zhǎng)得像他媽媽?！趺礃?。What

is

she

like?

她人怎么樣？續(xù)表介詞含義及用法示例/例句for贊同；支持。We

are

for

the

idea.我們贊同這個(gè)主意。給；對(duì)；替。There

is

a

letter

for

you.

有你一封信。against倚；碰；撞。against

the

wall靠著墻The

rain

is

beating

against

the

windows.

雨點(diǎn)正敲打著窗戶。反對(duì)。He

is

against

your

ideas.

他反對(duì)你的觀點(diǎn)。對(duì)抗；和……競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。Our

team

will

play

against

yours

this

afternoon.

今天下午我們隊(duì)將和你們隊(duì)比賽。續(xù)表介詞含義及用法示例/例句about關(guān)于。Could

you

tell

me

something

about

your

life?

你能告訴我一些關(guān)于你生活的事嗎？of屬于（某人或某物）。the

window

of

the

room房間的窗戶關(guān)于（某人或某物）。a

photo

of

my

dog一張我的狗的照片on關(guān)于。a

movie

on

South

Africa一部關(guān)于南非的電影from來自（表示來源）。Where

are

you

from?

你來自哪里？in穿著；戴著。Lily

was

in

a

beautiful

dress.

莉莉穿著一條漂亮的裙子。續(xù)表介詞含義及用法示例/例句over（數(shù)量、時(shí)間、花費(fèi)）多于。He

is

over

fifty.

他五十多歲了。遍及；過（時(shí)間）。all

over

the

world全世界past晚于；在……之后；超過。a

quarter

past

ten十點(diǎn)十五分經(jīng)過。He

hurried

past

them

without

stopping.

他匆匆走過他們身邊，連停都沒停。through以；憑借；通過；穿過。He

got

what

he

wanted

through

hard

work.他通過努力工作獲得了他想要的東西。續(xù)表(

)1.（2021安徽）Our

country

has

made

great

progress

in

the

fight

______

blue

skies

and

clear

waters.A.

in

B.

for

C.

against

D.

betweenB(

)2.（2021揚(yáng)州）China’s

first

Mars

rover,

Zhurong,

touched

down

on

the

Red

Planet

______

May

15,

2021.A.

on

B.

in

C.

at

D.

toA(

)3.（2021盤錦）The

little

boy

hid

himself

______

the

door

to

give

his

sister

a

surprise.A.

behind

B.

above

C.

across

D.

underA(

)4.（2021丹東）In

summer

evenings,

many

people

enjoy

taking

walks

______

the

river.A.

on

B.

along

C.

in

D.

overB(

)5.—How

soon

will

you

graduate

from

this

school?—______

a

month.A.

In

B.

For

C.

During

D.

AtA(

)6.Candy’s

mother

tried

her

best

to

move

the

piano

into

the

bedroom,______

the

wall.A.

in

B.

on

C.

against

D.

aboveC(

)7.She

thinks

she

can

learn

English

well

______

watching

English

movies.A.

by

B.

with

C.

for

D.

atA(

)8.Mike

often

downloads

music

______

the

Internet

and

enjoys

it

on

the

computer.A.

from

B.

with

C.

in

D.

atA(

)9.______

milk

and

cheese,

we

also

need

some

vegetables

and

fruits

for

our

salad.A.

Except

B.

Without

C.

Besides

D.

OfCover

among

without

like

below

with

beside

except

past10.（2021南充改編）I

guess

the

temperature

is________zero

because

it’s

freezing

here.below11.（2021蘇州改編）_________the

four

great

classical

Chinese

novels，my

favourite

is

Journey

to

the

West.Among12.Look！He

is

writing

something

on

the

beach_______a

stick.with13.A

friend

is______a

mirror.

It

can

bring

out

your

best

and

also

your

worst.like14.A

new

bridge_______the

Yangtze

River

in

Nanjing

opened

to

traffic

on

Dec.24，2020.over15.Every

one

of

us

went

to

the

zoo_________Tom.

He

was

ill.except16.Mr.

King

used

to

go

to

bed

at

half_______nine

in

the

evening.17.It’s

bad

for

your

health

to

go

to

school__________breakfast.18.When

I’m

sick,

Mom

always

stays________me.pastwithoutbeside命題點(diǎn)2介詞短語和介詞的固定搭配（10年5考；單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空A、完形填空B）

中考解讀：分析江西近10年中考真題可知，介詞短語和介詞的固定搭配主要在單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空A和完形填空B中考查，具體考查情況如下：

解題技巧：解答此類試題的關(guān)鍵是熟記介詞短語及與介詞相關(guān)的固定搭配的含義。

?介詞短語1.

of短語instead

of代替；而不是（2017.46）because

of因?yàn)椋挥捎冢?015.38）a

number

of許多

the

number

of

……的數(shù)量the

symbol

of

……的象征

ahead

of在……之前of

medium

height中等身高

all

of

a

sudden突然；猛地first

of

all首先2.

in短語in

agreement達(dá)成一致

in

class在課堂上in

danger處于危險(xiǎn)中

in

fact事實(shí)上in

general總體而言

in

groups

成組地in

need在危難中

in

order井然有序in

pain痛苦

in

peace和平地in

person親自

in

public公開地in

return作為回報(bào)

in

silence沉默地in

surprise驚奇地

in

time及時(shí)in

total總共

in

trouble處于困境中in

a

hurry匆忙地

in

a

word總而言之in

one’s

opinion在某人看來 in

the

distance在遠(yuǎn)處

in

the

end最后 in

the

future在未來

in

the

way擋道；妨礙 in

control

of掌管；管理in

the

face

of面對(duì)（問題、困難等） in

the

middle

of在……中間in

that

case既然那樣；假使那樣的話3.

at短語at

first起初

at

last最后at

least至少

at

most最多at

once馬上

at

school在上學(xué)at

birth出生時(shí)

at

hand在手邊；即將來臨at

home在家

at

night在晚上at

present目前；現(xiàn)在

at

times有時(shí);偶爾at

work在工作

at

the

moment此時(shí);現(xiàn)在at

the

same

time同時(shí)

at

the

age

of在……歲時(shí)at

the

beginning

of在……開始 at

the

end

of在……結(jié)尾

at

the

bottom

of在……底部 at

the

top

of在……頂端4.

on短語on

board

在船/火車/飛機(jī)上

on

business出差on

duty值日；值班 on

foot步行

on

purpose

故意地 on

sale廉價(jià)銷售；出售

on

time準(zhǔn)時(shí) on

vacation在度假

on

the

Internet在網(wǎng)上 on

the

left在左邊

on

the

right在右邊on

one’s

own獨(dú)自on

weekends/the

weekend在周末on

one’s

way

to在某人去……的路上on

the

one

hand…,

on

the

other

hand…

一方面……另一方面……5.

to短語next

to緊靠……的旁邊；貼近

thanks

to多虧on

the

way

to在去……的路上to

one’s

surprise令某人吃驚的是according

to

根據(jù)；按照；據(jù)……所說；視……而定6.

by短語by

accident偶然地；意外地

by

hand手工by

mistake錯(cuò)誤地

by

the

way順便說一下by

the

time到……的時(shí)候by

the

end

of到……結(jié)束時(shí)7.

from短語across

from在……對(duì)面

from

now

on從今以后；今后from

then

on從那時(shí)起

from

time

to

time不時(shí)；偶爾8.

其他常見介詞短語as

for至于（2014.39）

as

usual像往常一樣as

a

result結(jié)果

such

as比如for

example例如

after

all畢竟between…and…

在……和……之間without

doubt毫無疑問with

one’s

help=with

the

help

of

sb.

在某人的幫助下?介詞與形容詞/動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的搭配1.

be+adj.+tobe

close

to…

靠近……be

kind

to…

對(duì)……和藹be

rude

to…

對(duì)……粗魯be

similar

to…

與……相似be

friendly/good/nice

to…

對(duì)……友好be

harmful

to…

對(duì)……有害be

thankful

to…

對(duì)……心存感激be

used

to

(doing)

sth.

習(xí)慣于某物/做某事be

up

to…

由……決定be

famous/known/well-known

to…

被……所熟知2.

be+adj./動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+withbe

angry

with

sb.

生某人的氣be

busy

with…

忙于……be

good

with

sb.

和某人相處愉快be

patient

with…

對(duì)……有耐心be

popular

with…

受……的歡迎be

satisfied/pleased

with…

對(duì)……滿意be

strict

with

sb.對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格be

born

with…

天生具有……be

covered

with…

被……覆蓋be

filled

with…

充滿……3.

be+adj.+forbe

famous/known/well-known

for…

因……而著名be

good

for…

對(duì)……有好處be

late

for…

遲到be

ready

for…

為……做好準(zhǔn)備be

responsible

for…

對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)任be

sorry

for…

為……感到抱歉be

thirsty

for…

渴望……4.

be+adj.+about

be

anxious

about…

對(duì)……感到焦慮be

careful

about/with…

對(duì)……小心be

crazy

about…

著迷于……be

curious

about…

對(duì)……好奇be

strict

about

sth.對(duì)某事要求嚴(yán)格be

sure

about…

確信；對(duì)……有把握be

worried

about…

對(duì)……擔(dān)憂5.

be+adj./動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+ofbe

afraid

of…

害怕……be

full

of…

充滿……be

proud

of…

對(duì)……感到自豪be

sure

of…

對(duì)……有把握be

tired

of…

對(duì)……感到厭倦be

made

of…

由……制成（能看出原材料）be

made

up

of…

由……組成6.

be+adj./動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+frombe

absent

from…

缺席……be

different

from…

與……不同be

made

from…

由……制成（看不出原材料）be

separated

from…

和……分開7.

be+adj.+atbe

good

at…

擅長(zhǎng)……be

mad

at/with…

生……的氣be

surprised

at…

對(duì)……感到驚奇8.

be+adj.+inbe

interested

in…

對(duì)……感興趣be

talented

in…

在……方面有天賦be

weak

in…

在……方面薄弱?介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配teach

sb.

about

sth.

教某人某事（2013.51）be

chosen

as…

被選為……（2013.63）play

a

role

in…

在……中起作用speak

to…

與……講話talk

with…

與……交談buy

sth.

for

sb.為某人買某物remind

sb.

of

sth.

提醒某人某事put…into…

把……放進(jìn)……更多介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配見《單元詞匯必背冊(cè)》P76。(

)19.______

that

moment,

I

never

realized

how

much

my

father

loved

me.A.

At

B.

Unless

C.

Until

D.

SinceA(

)20.We

won!

The

honor

belongs

______

all

the

members

of

our

team.A.

by

B.