Grammar

DirectandIndirectSpeechI直接引語和間接引語(I)

直接引語(directspeech):直接引用別人的話，把它放在引號內(nèi)。

間接引語(indirectspeech):用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。

L轉(zhuǎn)述他人的陳述-*?陳述句Shesaid,'TmgoingtoBeijing.v

ShesaidthatshewasgoingtoBeiiirg.

2.轉(zhuǎn)述他人的疑問f一般疑問句Heasked,“Areyouadoctor?”

Heaskedmeif/whethe門wasadoctor.

3.轉(zhuǎn)述他人的問題f特殊疑問句Sheasked,“Whatareyoudoing?”

SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.

直接引語變成間接引語，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化

陳述句

用連詞that引導(dǎo),that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動詞可直接用引語中的said,也可用told

來代替,注意，可以說saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接說toldthato

Hesaid,“IhavebeentoJapan.”

HesaidtousthathehadbeentoJapan.

Shesaid,'TIIgiveyouanexamtomorrow.

Shetoldusthatshewouldgiveusanexamtomorrow.

陳述句解題步驟：

“Idon'tlikecomputers,“Sarahsaidtoherfriends.

Sarahsaidtoherfriendsthat

(Idon'tlikecomputers.)

Shedidn,t

Sarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn'tlikecomputers.

一般疑問句

間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原

主句中謂語動詞said要改為asked

(me/him/us等)，語序是陳述句的語序

Tomsaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficulty

withEnglish?,,

Tomasked(me)whether/ifIhadany

difficultywithEnglish.

Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,

aren'tyou?”

HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.

一般疑問句解題步驟：

Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?

(Theyaskedhim)

Itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.

Theyaskedhimif(itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.)

Askediswas

Theyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.

特殊疑問句

原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動詞用ask(sb.)來表達，語序改為陳述句語

序。

Hesaidtome,uWhereareyoufrom?”

HeaskedmewhereIwasfrom.

Heaskedus,“Howmanyfactoriesare

thereinyourcountry?

Heaskedushowmanyfactoriesthere

wereinourcountry.

特殊疑問句解題步驟：

Whendoyouharvestthewheat?

(Theyaskedhim)

TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthewheat

(youharvestthewheat.)

he

Harvested

Theyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.

選擇疑問句

用whether…or…表達(不用if/either…or…)

Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorChinese?”

HeaskedmewhetherspokeEnglishorChinese.

Iasked,“Willyoutakeabusoronfoot?”

Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakeabusoronfoot.

謂語動詞時態(tài)變化需要注意幾點：

1.直接引語表述的是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。

Thegeographyteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”

Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.

2.如果直接引語所表述的內(nèi)容在目前和說話時同樣有效，變間接引語時，時態(tài)可不變。

Thechildrensaid,“Welovethisgame.”

Thechildrentoldusthattheylovethat陽me.

3.主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，在引述時，時態(tài)不變。

Shesays,'TIIneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.”

Shesavsthatshe'IIreverforgetthedaysirthecountry

DriectIndirectspeech

speech

statemesay/tellsb.(that)+從句

nt

Sent

一般疑陳述句語

enceask/wonderwhethcr/if+

問句序

struc

ture特殊疑ask/wonderwh-word+陳述句語序

問句

在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時需要注意的變化

1.注意時態(tài)的變化

2.注意人稱和指示代詞變化

3.注意時間和地點的變化

4.注意個別趨向動詞的變化

playedfootball

wasplaying

hadplayed

hadplayed

wouldplay

hadplayed

Attention:

Therearesomecasesinwhich