Unit1Backtoschool

知識(shí)點(diǎn)一：重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

Senior?high?school?brings?alot?of?new?experience?s?to?everyone.高中給每個(gè)人帶來了新

的體驗(yàn)。

【解析】senior?adj.中學(xué)的(收11或13歲以上學(xué)生)?；級(jí)別高的：高級(jí)水平的；老年的

例:The?man?has?ten?years'experience?at?seniormanagement?level.這個(gè)人有十年的高層管

理經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

?知識(shí)拓展

(l)?senior作形容詞時(shí)的常見用法:

be?senior?to?sb比某人級(jí)別(或地位)?高的

1.a?senior?officer/manager/lecturer高級(jí)軍官/經(jīng)理/講師

a?senior?partner?in?a?lawfirm律師事務(wù)所的高級(jí)合伙人

a?senior?post/position高級(jí)職位

senior?citizen資深公民，？老年人（委婉說法，？尤指退休者）

senior?highschool（senior?high）?（美國(guó)）?高中

例：The?meeting?should?be?chaired?by?the?most?senior?person?present.

會(huì)議應(yīng)由在座的職位最高的人主持。

In?the?company?Tom?is?senior?to?me,?though?he's?younger.

在公司里，湯姆比我職位高，盡管他比我年輕。

?senior還可以作名詞：

senior?n.級(jí)別(或地位)較高者；較...年長(zhǎng)的人；高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員

(2)be...yearsby...yearsor/be?sb's?senior?by...years大某人...歲；比某人大....

例：She?felt?unappreciated?both?by?her?colleagues?and?her?seniors.

她覺得無(wú)論同事還是上司都不賞識(shí)她。

She?is?my?senior?by?three?years.她比我大三歲。

(3)?與be?senior?to結(jié)構(gòu)相似的用法:

be?superior?to比...優(yōu)秀

be?inferior?to比...差

be?junior?to比...年紀(jì)??；？地位（或職位）？比...低

彳列：This?model?is?technically?superior?to?its?competitors.

這一款式在技術(shù)上超過了與之競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的產(chǎn)品。

(4)?與senior對(duì)應(yīng)的詞：

junior?adj.(學(xué)校)?為11或13歲以下兒童設(shè)立的；？地位(或級(jí)別)低的；青少年的?n.職位

較低番：青少岸運(yùn)動(dòng)員

be...years?sb*s?junior/be?sb,s?junior?by...years小某人…歲；比某人小….歲

例：She?is?four?years?his?junior.?=She?is?his?junior?by?four?years.她比他小四歲。

?即學(xué)即用

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空

(l)rm?three?years?seniormy?younger?brother,?but?not?taller?than?him.

(2)It?is?impolite?of?children?to?cut?in?when?their?(senior)?are?talking.

(3)My?brother?is?my?senior?two?years.

@As?a?new?worker,?Richard?was?junior?those?who?had?been?in?the?company?for?a

long?time.

(§)Of?the?two?books,?I?think?this?one?is?superiorthat?one.

(2)完成句子。

自從我成為一名高中生以來，我的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)取得了很大的進(jìn)步。

I?have?made?great?progress?in?my?English?study?since?I?became.

答案:l.to2.seniors3.by4.to5.to6.aseniorhighschoolstudent

2.Thepathbefore?you?leads?to?a?world?full?of?challenges：

a?new?environinent,?new?knowledge?and?new?ways?of?thinking.你面前的路通向——個(gè)充〉防

挑戰(zhàn)的世界：一個(gè)全新的環(huán)境,新的知識(shí)和新的思維方式。

【解析】challenge?!).挑戰(zhàn)；質(zhì)疑

例：

02/32

rm?crazy?about?basketball?since?it?has?been?giving?me?strength?to?confront?the?challenges?in

?my?life.

我迷戀籃球，因?yàn)樗恢苯o我面對(duì)生活挑戰(zhàn)的力量。

?知識(shí)拓展

(l)?challenge作名詞時(shí)的常見用法：

face?a?challenge面臨挑戰(zhàn)

accept/take?up?a?challenge接受挑戰(zhàn)

例：Making?a?speech?in?public?is?really?a?challenge?for?some?people.

對(duì)一些人來說，在公共場(chǎng)合演講真是個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。

(2)?challenge還可以作動(dòng)詞：

challenge?vt.挑戰(zhàn)；質(zhì)疑

challengesb?to?sth向某人挑戰(zhàn)某事

challengesb?todosth(尤指在對(duì)方不情愿時(shí))?強(qiáng)烈建議某人做某事？

例：Walking?upright?challenges?the?human?bone?structure,and?limits?the?sizeof?brains.

直立行走對(duì)人類的骨架是一個(gè)相當(dāng)大的挑戰(zhàn)，限制了人的頭腦的大小。

The?man?challenged?me?to?a?fight?after?we?fell?out.

我們吵起來后，這個(gè)男人說要和我較量較量。

The?opposition?leader?challenged?the?prime?minister?to?callan?election.

反對(duì)黨領(lǐng)袖要求首相宣布進(jìn)行大選。

(3)?challenge對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞形式：

challenging?adj.挑戰(zhàn)性的；？考驗(yàn)?zāi)芰Φ?/p>

例：As?far?as?I?can?see,?it?is?a?challenging?role?for?an?inexperienced?performer?.

在我看來，這對(duì)于缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)的表演者來說是一個(gè)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的角色。

?即學(xué)即用

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空。

Q)Today?my?friend?Mike?challenged?mea?game?of?chess.

(2)Mrs?Hudson?gently?guided?me,?challenging?me(do)?the?right?thing.

(3)When?preparing?for?the?English?speech?contest,I?found?it?very

(challenge)?to?collect?information?and?use?language?correctly.

@Destruction?of?the?environment?is?one?of?the?most?serious?(challenge)?we?face.

(2)完成句子。

①在我們的日常生活中，我們不可避免地時(shí)常遇到各種各樣的挑戰(zhàn)。

In?our?daily?life,?we?unavoidably?come?acrossnow?and?then.

②中國(guó)決心采取強(qiáng)有力的措施來應(yīng)對(duì)任何挑戰(zhàn)國(guó)家主權(quán)的舉動(dòng)。

China?is?determined?to?take?forceful?measures?in?response?to?any?moves?that?

the?country's?sovereignty.

答案：l.to2.todo3.challenging4.challenges5.variouschallenges6.challenge

3.However,?for?those?of?you?with?a?positive?mind,opportunity?lies?in?each?challenge.

但是，？對(duì)你們當(dāng)中思維積極的人來說，機(jī)會(huì)存在于每一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)中。

【解析】lie?in存在，？在于

例：The?problem?lies?in?howto?find?the?right?people?to?do?the?job.

問題在于怎么找到合適的人來做這個(gè)工作。？

?知識(shí)拓展

(l)?lie?in的同義詞組是consist?ino

例：Happiness?doesn,t?of?consist?in?how?many?possessionsyou?own.幸福不在于你擁有

多少財(cái)產(chǎn)。

(2)?lie可以作動(dòng)詞和名詞：

①lie作動(dòng)詞的常見用法：lie?vi.說謊；躺；位于lie?to?sb對(duì)某人撒謊

lie?down躺下

②lie作名詞的常見用法：lie?n.謊言tell?a?lie/lies說謊；？撒謊a?white?lie

善意的謊言

?lie對(duì)應(yīng)的另一個(gè)名詞形式：liar?n.說謊者

(3)例：Show?me?a?liar,?and?I?will?show?you?a?thief.［諺語(yǔ)］說謊是偷竊的開始。

?詞匯辨析

04/32

原形詞性意義現(xiàn)在分詞過去式過去分詞

lievi.說謊lyingliedlied

lievi.躺；臥；位于lyinglaylain

layvt.放置；產(chǎn)卵layinglaidlaid

?即學(xué)即用

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空。

①The?survivors?(lie)?on?the?beach,exhausted?and?shocked.

(2)He?thought?I?was?(lie)?to?him,?in?fact,?whereas?I?was?telling?the?truth.?

(3)The?moment?the?bell?rang,he?(lay)the?book?and?rushed?out?of?the?classroo

m.

?Having(lie)?in?bed?for?as?long?as??two?weeks,?he?couldn,t?wait?to?get?outsi

de.?

(2)完成句子。

成功在于經(jīng)歷失敗還繼續(xù)努力的能力。

Success?the?ability?to?continueefforts?through?failures.

答案：l.lay2.lying3.laid4.lain5.liesin/consistsin

4.When?you?rise?to?the?challenges,?you?will?have?the?opportunity?to?acquire?great?kn

owledge?and?enjoy?personal?growth.當(dāng)你夠處理這些挑戰(zhàn)的時(shí)候，？你就有機(jī)會(huì)獲得大量的

知識(shí)，享受個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)的快樂。

【解析】rise?to能夠處理

例：The?new?government?must?rise?to?the?challenge?of?its?enhanced?responsibilities.

新政府必須能夠處理挑戰(zhàn)，承擔(dān)更多的責(zé)任。

?知識(shí)拓展

rise可以作動(dòng)詞和名詞：

①rise作動(dòng)詞時(shí)的常見用法：

rise?vi升高；上升

rise?to?the?occasion應(yīng)付自如；？隨機(jī)應(yīng)變

rise?to/by上升到/了

rise?to?one's?feet站起身

例：The?backup?quarterback?rose?to?the?occasion?and?led?the?team?to?victory.

候補(bǔ)四分衛(wèi)臨危受命，帶領(lǐng)球隊(duì)打贏了比賽。

②rise作名詞時(shí)的常見用法：

rise?n.上升；升起；增加

on?the?rise在增加give?rise?to引起；？使發(fā)生(或存在)

rise?and?fall起伏；？興衰；？漲落

例：The?food?shortage?gave?rise?to?the?serious?problems.食品的短缺引起了嚴(yán)重的問題。

?即學(xué)即用

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空。

(DThe?number?of?the?students?has?grown?from?1,500

to?2,?500.This?means?it?has?risen?66.7percent.

(2)After?the?knee?injury,?he?managed?to?risehis?feet?and?returned?to?the?court.

(3)Medical?related?emergencies?are?the?rise?with?more?old?people?living?alone.

完成句子。

這是個(gè)艱巨的任務(wù)，不過我確信他能應(yīng)付這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。

(2)It?is?a?difficult?task,?but?Fm?sure?he'll.

答案：l.by2.to3.on4.risetothechallenge

?知識(shí)點(diǎn)2

acquire?vt.獲得，？得至ij

例J：Only?when?wealth?is?acquired?by?means?of?honest?labour?can?it?bring?happiness.

只有通過誠(chéng)實(shí)勞動(dòng)獲得的財(cái)富才能帶來幸福。

?知識(shí)拓展

(l)?acquire作動(dòng)詞時(shí)的常見用法：

acquire?skills/knowledge/experience獲得技能/知識(shí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)

06/32

acquire?a?good?knowledge?of學(xué)會(huì)；？精通

acquire?a?reputation?for得至！J.......的名聲

acquire?a?habit?of養(yǎng)成...的習(xí)慣

例：I?have?recently?acquired?a?taste?fbr?olives.我最近開始喜歡吃橄欖了。

(2)?acquire對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞形式：

acquired?adj.后天的；？已獲得的；？已成習(xí)慣的

例：It?soundslike?an?acquired?taste.聽起來像是一個(gè)后天養(yǎng)成的嗜好。

(3)?acquire對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞形式：

acquisition?n.(知識(shí)、技能等的)?獲得；？得到

例：The?acquisition?of?knowledge?is?a?social?process.知識(shí)的獲取是一種社會(huì)性的活動(dòng)。

(4)?表示“獲得;?得到”的動(dòng)詞有:gain,?get,?obtain,?eam,?achieveo?

?即學(xué)即用

(3)單句語(yǔ)法填空。

①We?mustcherish?experience?(acquire)at?the?cost?of?our?own?blood.

(2)Life?is?a?process?about?the?(acquire)of?knowledge,?wealth?and?happiness.

(4)完成句子。

同時(shí)，我們彼此交換觀點(diǎn)和感受，通過這種方式我們很可能會(huì)學(xué)到更多的知識(shí)。

Meanwhile,we?exchange?ideas?and?feelings?with?eachother,?through?which?we?probably

.答案：1.acquired2.acquisition3.acquiremoreknowledge

5.Most?importantly,your?time?and?effort?at?senior?high

school?will?open?the?door?to?your?potential.最重要的是，高中時(shí)你付出的時(shí)間和努力將會(huì)

打開你的潛力之門。

【解析】effort?n.努力，費(fèi)力的事；試圖

例：With?their?patience?and?efTorts,?they?successfullydeveloped?a?combination

of?artificial?breeding?andnatural?reproduction.

經(jīng)過堅(jiān)持和努力，他們成功地將“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”結(jié)合在一起。

?知識(shí)拓展

(l)?effort的常見用法：

with(an)?effort努力

without?effort不費(fèi)力地，？容易地

put?effort?into?the?work努力工作

make?an?effort/efforts/every?effort?todosth(盡一切)?努力做某事

spare?no?effort?todosth不遺余力做某事

例：No?one?can?achieve?anything?without?effort,誰(shuí)也不可能不努力而有所作為。

We?should?put?more?effort?into?our?work.我們應(yīng)該更加努力地工作。

(2)?effort對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞形式：

effortless?adj.不需費(fèi)力的

例：His?effortless?calligraphy?has?an?unconventional?graceof?its?own.

他的書法，信筆寫來，十分超脫。？

?即學(xué)即用

⑴單句語(yǔ)法填空。

@What?is?known?to?us?all?is?that?the?Chinese?government?has?spared?no?effort(pro

tect)?people?from?fake?food.

②More?(effort)?,?as?reported,?will?be?made?in?the?years?ahead?to?accelerate?th

e?supply-side?structural?refdrm.

@In?fact,?with?a?little?preparation?and?planning?a?journey?can?be?quite?(effort)?.

(l)He?was?obviously?walking?great?effort,?trying?to?be?as?still?as?possible.

(2)完成句子。

環(huán)境保護(hù)的難度雖然巨大，但是坦桑尼亞國(guó)家公園管理局的努力似乎見效了。

Theenvironmental?challenges?are?significant?butby?the?Tanzania?National?Park

Authority?seem?to?be?paying?off

答案：l.toprotect2.efforts3.effortless4.with5.theeffortmade

6.Who?knows?what?beautifuI?works?of?art?you?will?create,?what?medical?advances?yo

u?will?make?or?what?amazing?technologies?you?will?develop!誰(shuí)知道你會(huì)倉(cāng)II造出什么漂亮

08/32

的藝術(shù)作品，在醫(yī)學(xué)方面取得什么講步，或者你會(huì)研發(fā)出什么令人大為驚奇的技術(shù)!

【解析】what?beautiful?works?of?art?you?will?create,

what?medical?advances?you?will?make?or?what?amazing?technologies?you?will?develop是三個(gè)

由what引導(dǎo)的并列的名詞性從句，？作動(dòng)詞knows的賓語(yǔ)。

?知識(shí)拓展

(l)?what可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句；它引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)可在從

句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，？常見的幾種意義：

表示“…?的東西或事情”；表示“…的人或樣子”;表示“.…的數(shù)量或數(shù)目表示“…的時(shí)間”；表示

“....的地方”。

(2)?在英語(yǔ)中，？that與what都可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，？但兩者有所不同：

①在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，？that不在從句中作成分，？也無(wú)具體意思，只起連接作用。

②what在所引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，并保持原疑問詞的意義

或表示“……的事/東西

例：She?hopes?that?every?kid?can?have?a?clean?mouth?and?a?broad?smile.

希望每個(gè)孩子都有干凈的牙齒和開心的笑容。

?即學(xué)即用

(1)單旬語(yǔ)法填空。

(DThe?opportunity?to?learn?from?and?to?discusswith?some?famous?professors?is

drives?some?people?to?apply?to?university.

②So,?slowdown?and?thinkyou?reallywant?to?do?at?that?moment.

(3)The?most?pleasant?thing?of?the?rainy?season?isone?can?be?entirely?free?from?dust

(4)I?want?is?not?just?an?ordinary?cafe?but?avery?special?one.

(2)完成句子。

公眾關(guān)心的是醫(yī)療工作者和科學(xué)家能否在短時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)治療這種新型疾病的藥物。

is?whether?medical?workers?and?scientists?will?be?able?to?find?a?cure?for?the?

new?disease?in?a?short?time.

答案：1.what2.what3.that4.What5.Whatthepublicisconcernedabout

?知識(shí)點(diǎn)

advance?n.進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展；前進(jìn)，行進(jìn)advance?vt.&.vi.發(fā)展，進(jìn)步

例：We?live?in?an?age?of?rapid?technological?advance.我們生活在技術(shù)迅猛發(fā)展的時(shí)代。

China?is?advancing?towards?the?developed?country.中國(guó)正在向發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家邁進(jìn)。

?知識(shí)拓展

（1）?advance作動(dòng)詞時(shí)的常見用法：

advance?on/towards?sb/sth向某人/某物前進(jìn)

例：The?troop?advanced?on/towards?the?enemy's?position?under?the?cover?of?darkness.

部隊(duì)在夜幕的掩護(hù)下朝敵人的陣地前進(jìn)。

（2）?advance作名詞時(shí)的常見用法：

in?advance預(yù)先；？事先；？提前

in?advance?of（時(shí)間上）?提前于...？

make?an?advance/advances?in在...方面取得進(jìn)步

例：Itis?better?to?get?to?the?airport?atleast?an?hour?in?advance.

最好至少提前一個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)。

Hisideaswerein?advance?of?his?times?,and?only?a?few?people?could?understand?him.?

他的思想走在時(shí)代的前列，只有少數(shù)人能理解他。

［注意］表示“在…方面有進(jìn)步”后接介詞in。

（3）?advance對(duì)的形容詞形式：advanced?adj.先進(jìn)的；高級(jí)的

例：The?new?lab?is?equipped?with?all?kinds?of?advanced?laboratory?facilities.

這個(gè)新實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)配備了各種各樣的先進(jìn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)備。

（4）advance本身已有“向前”的意思,因此不必再用forward。？與之類似的用法；

repeat（重復(fù)）?不與again連用；

return（來）?不與back連用；

enter（進(jìn)入）?不與into連用。

?即學(xué)即用

（3）單旬語(yǔ)法填空。

10/32

@The?stranger(advance)?towards?me?in?a?threatening?manner?and?I?felt?a?little?

frightened.

(2)In?order?to?accelerate?economic?development,?we?brought?in?(advance)?technolog

y-

(3)To?catch?the?early?flight,we?ordered?ataxiadvance?and?got?up?very?early.

(4)完成句子。

我建議你去借一本歷史書，提前了解唐朝的歷史，這樣可以幫助你理解所要學(xué)習(xí)的詩(shī)。

I?advise?you?to?borrow?a?history?book?and?learn?the?history?of?the?Tang?Dynasty

which?can?help?you?understand?the?poems?to?be?learned.

答案：1.advanced2.advanced3.in4.inadvance

7?.The?possibilities?are?endless,?and?I?have?confidence?in?your?ability?to?make?a?diffe

rence?to?your?family,?to?your?community?and?to?your?country.wj能性是無(wú)止境的，我相

信你有能力對(duì)你的家庭、社區(qū)和國(guó)家產(chǎn)生影響。

【解析】confidence?n.信心，信任；把握

?知識(shí)拓展confidence的常用搭配：？

lack?confidence缺乏信心

with?confidence?(=confidently)?自信上也

have?confidence?in=be?confident?in對(duì)...有信心

彳列：While?girls?Iack?confidence，?boys?often?overestimate?their?abilities.

女孩通常缺乏自信，而男孩則往往會(huì)高估自己的能力。

(2)?confidence對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞形式及常用搭配：confident?adj.自信的；？肯定的

be?confident?of7about=be?sure/certain?of確信

be?confident?that...=be?sure/certain?that...確信...

be?confident?in對(duì)...充滿信心

例：Be?confident?in?yourself?and?your?dream?will?come?true.對(duì)自己充滿信心，？夢(mèng)想就會(huì)

實(shí)現(xiàn)。

?即學(xué)即用

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空。

(l)By?adopting?a?few?simple?methods?I?have?been?able?to?build?my??(confident)?and?

make?progress.

②His?(confidence)?words?have?cleared?up?our?doubts?about?how?the?plan?will?be?ca

rried?out.

(3)We?must?know?howto?speak?to?othersconfidence?and?kindness?at?the?party.

(4)It?would?be?a?great?idea?to?dress?tidily?and?talk?politely?and?(confident)?to?make?a?

favourable?impression?when?having?an?interview.

完成句子

把小事做好有助于樹立我們的自信心并幫助我們迎接未來更大的挑戰(zhàn)。

(l)Doing?small?things?well?contributes?toand?helping?us?meet?bigger?challeng

es?in?thefuture.

答案：1.confidence2.confident3.with4.confidently5.buildingupourconfidence

?知識(shí)點(diǎn)2make?a?difference起作用,?有影響

/ij：It?is?obvious?that?China?can?make?a?difference?in?the?world?today?and?tomorrow.

很明顯，在今天甚至以后，中國(guó)能在世界上發(fā)揮影響力。

?知識(shí)拓展

make?a?difference相關(guān)的常見用法：

make?much?of?a?difference?對(duì)....有很大的影響

make?a?difference?to

make?no/little?difference?to對(duì)...沒有/幾乎沒有影響(作用)；對(duì)....不重要/無(wú)所謂

make?all?the?difference(to?sb/sth)?關(guān)系重大；？大不相同

It?makes?a?difference?to?sb+wh-^/pJ.……對(duì)某人來說有影響/有關(guān)系

例：

It?doesn't?make?much?of?a?difference?whether?a?teacher?speaks?British?or?American?English

?in?class.

在課堂上，老師說英式英語(yǔ)還是美式英語(yǔ)不會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大影響。

?即學(xué)即用

12/32

（3）單句語(yǔ)法填空。

?So?start?being?happy?today?and?makedifference?to?your?life.

@What?you?have?told?me?may?make?a?difference?my?own?position.

（4）完成句子。

在學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)的過程中，你的興趣、決心和努力都很重要。

In?the?process?of?leaming?Chinese,?it?is?your?interest,?determination?and?hard?work?that?w

ill.

答案：1.a2.to3.makeadifference

8.To?fully?realize?your?potential,?it?is?important?for?you?to?make?the?most?of?our?sch

ool?resources.為了完全開發(fā)你的潛能，充分利用學(xué)校資源是重要的。

【解析】本句中it為形式主語(yǔ)，？真正的主語(yǔ)是to?make?the?most?of?our?school?resources。it

作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，？真正的主語(yǔ)可以是不定式、動(dòng)名詞和名詞性從句。

例：It's?important?to?know?your?own?strengths?and?weaknesses.了解自己的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)是重要

的。？

?知識(shí)拓展

作形式主語(yǔ)，主要用于以下句型：

①Itis+adj.+for?sb?todosth.在此句式中，？作表語(yǔ)的形容詞說明不定式行為的性質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)，？

常見的有easy,important,?difficult,?impossible,?necessary等。

②It?is+adj.+of?sb?todosth.在此句式中，？作表語(yǔ)的形容詞說明不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)的品行、性格

等，常見的有kind,nice,good,?stupid,silly,careful,careless等。

③It?be+名詞（詞組）?/形容詞/過去分詞/從句。

@It?is?no?good/use?doing?sth.做某事沒有好處/用的。

例：It?is?very?important?to?teach?the?children?howto?deal?with?others'

kindness?and?rudeness.

教會(huì)孩子如何處理他人的善良和粗魯是非常重要的。

?即學(xué)即用

（1）單句語(yǔ)法填空。

?More?energy?and?expenses?are?needed?for?larger?buildings?as?well,?so?it?is?important

（build）?the?small?ones.

(2)It?is?no?use?(try)?to?persuade?him?to?have?a?holiday?because?he?is?a?workaholic.

(3)is?suggested?that?you?should?spend?more?time?studying?English?in?senior?high

school.

(4)rd?like?to?say?that?it?is?kind?you?to?give?me?a?lift?home?after?work.

(2)完成句子。

當(dāng)我們離開學(xué)校去找工作時(shí)，我們就必須經(jīng)常與別人一起工作，所以現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)如何進(jìn)行(小組

活動(dòng))很重要。

When?we?leave?school?to?get?a?job,?we,ll?have?to?work?with?other?people?a

lot,?soto?leam?howto?do?it?now.?

答案：l.tobuild2.trying3.It4.of5.ifsimportant

?知識(shí)點(diǎn)make?the?most?of充分利用，？盡情享受

例：

It?doesn,t?matter?whether?you?succeed?or?not.What?matters?is?that?you?have?made?the?most?

of?theopportunity.

?知識(shí)拓展

(1)“充分利用"的多種表達(dá)：make?the?most?of?make?the?best?of?make?good?use?of?

make?full?use?of?

(2)?make?use?of利用；？使用

?即學(xué)即用

(3)完成句子。

①充分利用水資源是每個(gè)人的責(zé)任，比如在日常生活中循環(huán)利用水和節(jié)約用水。

It,s?everyone,s?responsibility?towater,?such?as?recycling?and?saving?water?in?our?

daily?life.

②就我個(gè)人意見來說，人們應(yīng)該理智地利用手機(jī)來幫助工作和學(xué)習(xí)。

As?far?as?Fm?concemed,people?shouldwisely

their?phones?to?help?with?their?work?and?study.

答案：l.makethemostof/makegooduseof2.makeuseof

9.Take?advantage?of?your?classes,?learn?from?your?teachers?and?classmates，?and?ma

ke?use?of?our?school?facilities.利用課堂，？向你的老師和同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)，利用學(xué)校的資源。

14/32

【解析】take?advantage?of利用

Some?social?scientists?suggest?that?Westemers?should?take?advantage?of?the?ancient?Chinese?

wisdom?to?make?up?for?the?drawbacks?of?Western?philosophy.

一些社會(huì)學(xué)家建議，西方人應(yīng)該利用中國(guó)古人的智慧來補(bǔ)西方哲學(xué)的缺點(diǎn)。

?知識(shí)拓展

(l)?advantage?n.有利條件；有利因素;優(yōu)勢(shì)，優(yōu)點(diǎn)

take(full)?advantage?of對(duì)…加以(充分)?利用

gain/win/have?an?advantage?over.?????有優(yōu)勢(shì)；？勝過，優(yōu)于

have?the?advantage?of有.?…的優(yōu)勢(shì)

be/work?to?one,s?advantage對(duì)….有利

例：rm?going?to?take?advantage?of?this?tour?to?explore?the?history?of?the?castle.

我打算利用練次旅行去探索那座城堡的歷史。

(2)?advantage的反義詞及常見用法：

disadvantage?n.不利因素：障礙；？不便之處

at?a?disadvantage處于不利地位

be/work?to?one's?disadvantage對(duì)…不利

例:Each?of?these?systems?has?its?advantages?and?disadvantages.這些體制各有其優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣

勢(shì)。

?即學(xué)即用

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空。

d)You?will?bean?advantage?in?theinterview?if?you?have

thought?about?the?questions?in?advance.

(2)The?group?weighed?the?advantages?and?(advantage)?before?making?the?decision.

(3)I?hope?my?lack?of?experience?won't?be?my?disadvantage?in?the?interview.

(4)Men?usually?have?an?advantagewomen?when?hunting?for?jobs.

(2)完成句子。

不要只局限于大學(xué)，利用所有可利用的資源。

Don'tlimit?yourself?to?your?college?alone—all?available?resources.

答案：l.at2.disadvantages3.to4.over5.takeadvantageof

10.Of?equal?importance?are?good?study?habits>useful?skills?and?a?positive?attitude.同樣

重要的還有良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣、實(shí)用的技能和積極的態(tài)度。？

【解析】這是一個(gè)倒裝句，?主語(yǔ)是good?study?habits,?useful?skills?and?a?positive?attitude,?

系動(dòng)詞為are,?句首的介詞語(yǔ)of?equal?importance作表語(yǔ)。倒裝的原因是匆子的主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，為

了保持句子平衡，把系動(dòng)詞are直接置于主語(yǔ)之前，這種倒裝稱為完全倒裝。

例：In?the?classroom?are?forty?Chinese?students,?twentyAmerican?students?and?two?teachers.

教室里有四十名中國(guó)學(xué)生，二十名美國(guó)學(xué)生和兩位老師。

?知識(shí)拓展

完全倒裝，就是將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)前，構(gòu)成完全倒裝的條件：

①out,?in,?down,?up,?away,?here,?now,?then,?there等表示方位、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間或順

序的副詞置于句首，且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，句子用完全倒裝。

②表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首，且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，句子用完全倒裝。

③將表語(yǔ)提到系動(dòng)詞前面時(shí)，句子也用完全倒裝，即“表語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。

④代詞such置于句首，？且在句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，？句子用完全倒裝。

例：Then?came?the?total?darkness?of?the?polar?winter.接著漆黑的極地冬夜來臨了。

Down?came?the?rain?and?up?went?the?umbrellas.下雨了，傘都撐起來了。

Out?rushed?the?children?after?the?bell?rang.鐘聲響了之后，孩子們沖了出去。

?溫馨提示

(1)?此類用法中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般為be動(dòng)詞或lie,?come,go,?stand,?live等動(dòng)詞，？且句子

的主語(yǔ)為名詞。(2)如果句子的主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞，不用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例：

Look?at?the?little?dog?.?Here?it?runs.看這條小狗!它跑過來了。

?即學(xué)即用

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填。

@Between?France?and?Spain?(be)another?mountain?range---the?Pyrenees.

(2)John?opened?the?door.There(stand)?a?girl?he?had?never?seen?before.

③Outback?(be)?a?small?garage?for?the?car?wedon't

16/32

own?yet?and?a?small?yard?that?looks?smaller?between?the?two?buildings?on?either?side.

完成句子。

山腳下，坐落著我的家鄉(xiāng)——一個(gè)小村莊，可以追溯到幾百年前。

At?the?foot?of?the?mountain?,,?a?small?village,?which?can?date?

back?to?several?hundred?years?ago.答案：l.is2.stood3.is4.1iesmyhometown

?知識(shí)點(diǎn)1

句中使用了“be?of+抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，？表示“具有(某種特征或?qū)傩??的”,of?equal?importance相

當(dāng)于形容詞important。

例：The?new?discovery?of?oil?is?of?great?significance?to?this?area,s?economy.

新發(fā)現(xiàn)的石油對(duì)這個(gè)地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)有重大意義。

?知識(shí)拓展

(l)“be?of+表示抽象意義的名詞”相當(dāng)于“be+該抽象名詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞”，？如

value,?use,?help,?importance?,?significance,?benefit等，？此類名詞前面可以用表程度的

詞加以修飾，？如little,?no,?great,?much,?some等。

(2)?“be?of+表示人或物屬性的名詞”，？如size,?colour,height,?length,?age,?shape等，?

用來描述人或事物的屬性或特性，在句中作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)。這類名詞前可用限定詞

a,?an,?the,?the?same,?my,?your等修飾。

例：The?new?regulation?will?be?of?benefit/beneficial?to?all?the?students.

新規(guī)定對(duì)所有學(xué)生都有好處。

?即學(xué)即用

(3)單句語(yǔ)法填空。

?For?the?Miao?people，?men?wear?short?coats?and?trousers，?while?shining?silver?decoration

s?arevital?importance?to?women.

(2)(2)I?hope?my?latest?book?will?be?great?value?to?both?students?and?teachers.

@Other?members?of?the?royal?family?were?allowed?to?wear?dragon?symbols,?too,?but?with

?fewer?claws?and?a?different?colour.

(4)完成句子。

這些古老的建筑是我們文化遺產(chǎn)中極其寶貴的部分一因此我們采取行動(dòng)就顯得尤為重要。

These?old?buildings?area?precious?part?of?our?cultural?heritage—it?is

?that?we?do?something.

答案：l.of2.of3.of4.ofvitalimportance

?知識(shí)點(diǎn)2

equal?adj,相同的，？相等的；？平等的；？相當(dāng)?shù)?，？能勝任?/p>

?知識(shí)拓展

(l)?equal作形容詞時(shí)的常見用法：

be?equal?to?sb/sth?in在...方面比得上某人/物

be?equal?to?sth/doing?sth等于...;與....相當(dāng)；?勝任

例：In?the?sight?of?God,?the?rich?are?equal?to?the?poor.在上帝跟中，富人與窮人是平等

的。

(2)?equal可以作動(dòng)詞：

equal?vt.與…相等；比得上

equalsb/sth?in(doing)?sth在(做”某事方面比得過;敵得過某人/物

例：No?one?equaIs?LiHua?in?spoken?English?in?our?class.我們班在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)方面，無(wú)人能和

李華相比。

(3)?equal可以作名詞：

equal?n.同等的人(物)

be?without?equal/have?no?equal無(wú)與倫比

例：His?paintings?are?without?equal?in?the?western?world.?他的畫作在西方世界無(wú)與倫比。

(4)?equal對(duì)應(yīng)的另一個(gè)名詞形式:equality?n.平等

例：We?all?know?the?principle?of?equality?before?the?law.我們都矢口道法律面前人人平等這——

原則。

?equal對(duì)應(yīng)的副詞形式：equally?adv.相等地；？同樣地

?即學(xué)即用

⑸單句語(yǔ)法填空。

@One?unit?of?alcohol?is?equal?one?small?glass?of?wine.

18/32

(2)Countless?people?have?died?trying?to?achieve?basic??(equal)?for?women.

③HongKong?Wetland?Park?is?(equal)attractive?in?spring?and?autumn,

for?the?weather?is?pleasant?in?both?seasons.

(4)(4)In?fact,?when?it?comes?to?the?art?of?war,?ants?areequal.

答案：l.to2.equality3.equally4.without5.isequalto

ll.Carefully?plan?your?study,?set?clear?goals?and?balance?your?schoolwork?with?other?

activities.仔細(xì)安排你的學(xué)習(xí)，樹立明確的目標(biāo)并且平衡學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)和其他的活動(dòng)。

【解析】balance?vt.同等重視；？(使)?保持平衡：權(quán)衡重要性

?知識(shí)拓展

(l)?balance作動(dòng)詞時(shí)的常用搭配：

balance...against...把...與...進(jìn)行權(quán)衡/比較

balance...with...對(duì)…與…同等重視

例：You?should?balance?the?advantages?against?the

disadvantages?before?you?give?up?your?present?job.

在你放棄目前的工作之前，你應(yīng)該權(quán)衡其利弊。

(2)?balance還可以作名詞：

balance?n.均衡，？平衡；？平衡能力

keep/lose?one,s?balance保持/失去平衡

keep?a?balance?between?A?and?B保持A與B間的平衡on?balance總的說來

keep?the?balance?of?nature保持生態(tài)平衡

(3)?balance的形容詞形式：

balanced?adj.平衡的；？均衡的

keep?a?balanced?diet保持均衡的飲食

《列：To?keep?fit,?first?of?all,?you'd?better?keep?a?balanced?diet.

為了保持健康，首先，你要保持平衡的膳食。

?即學(xué)即用

（1）單句語(yǔ)法填空。

(l)Don't?always?eat?the?same?kind?of?food,?because?we?should?have?a?(balance)?diet.

@I?suggest?you?should?keep?a?balanceyour?study?and?entertainment.

(3)The?cost?of?obtaining?legal?advice?needs?to?be?balanced?its?benefits.

④balance,?biotechnology?should?be?good?news?for?developing?countries.

(2)完成句子。

如果我們想保持生態(tài)平衡，最重要的事情是同等重視經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護(hù)。

If?we?want?to??,?the?most?important?thing?is?to?the?protection?of?envir

onment

答案：1.balanced2.between3.against4.0n5.keepthebalanceofnature;balancethedevelopmentof

economywith

12.In?time?you?will?find?yourself?growing?into?a?well-rounded?individual.^jH，?你會(huì)發(fā)

現(xiàn)自己逐漸全面成長(zhǎng)。

［解析］句中“find?yourself?growing?into?a?well-rounded?individual"是"find+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”

的結(jié)構(gòu)（或“find?+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)）？，?yourself作賓語(yǔ)，？現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)

growing?into?a?well?rounded?individual作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

When?I?was?young,?I?often?found?myself?walking?in?the?rain.

年輕時(shí)，我發(fā)夕自己經(jīng)常在雨中散步。

?知識(shí)拓展〔

在“find+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，？作賓補(bǔ)的可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、

分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主要是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，說明賓語(yǔ)的身份、特征或狀態(tài)

等。

①“find?onesel任賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”通常表示“在事先毫無(wú)知覺的情況下突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于某種狀

態(tài)“，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常由介詞短語(yǔ)、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞或副詞充當(dāng)，？一般不用不定

式，?但可用to?beo

名詞/代詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)

②find+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞（表示主動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行）

過去分詞（表示被動(dòng)或完成）

③find+it+形容詞/名詞+todosth（it是形式賓語(yǔ)，?to?do?sth是真正的賓語(yǔ)）

例

20/32

Arriving?at?the?airport,?Doctor?Zhong?Nanshan?found?himself?surrounded?by?a?number?of?

journalists.

一到機(jī)場(chǎng)，鐘南山醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被很多記者圍了起來。

?即學(xué)即用

⑴單句語(yǔ)法填空。

?We?turned?around?and?found?a?little?girl(struggle)?in?the?lake,?crying?for?help.

(2)When?the?patient?came?to?life,?he?found?himself?(surround)?by?a?group?of?doct

ors?andnurses.

(3)With?the?world?becoming?a?global?village,?I?find?necessary?to?have?a?good?comman

d?ofEnglish.

(2)完成句子。

到了美國(guó)之后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己生活在完全陌生的文化氛圍里。

After?I?arrived?in?America,?Iin?a?completely?fbreign?culture.

答案：1.struggling2.surrounded3.it4.foundmyselfliving

13.Senior?highschool?will?help?you?learn?and?grow,

yet?you?alone?are?responsible?for?realizing?your?great?potential.高中會(huì)幫助你學(xué)習(xí)和成

長(zhǎng)，？但是你自己要對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)你最大的潛能負(fù)責(zé)。

【解析】responsible?adj.有責(zé)任，？負(fù)責(zé)；？可靠的

彳列：Iwant?you?to?do?everything?you?can?to?find?out?who*s?responsible?for?the?mess.

我希望你能盡一切可能找出造成此麻煩的責(zé)任人。?知識(shí)拓展

(l)?responsible的常見用法：

be?responsible?for對(duì)...負(fù)責(zé)；？是...的原因

be?responsible?for?doing?sth承擔(dān)做某事的義務(wù)；？負(fù)責(zé)做某事

例：Police?believe?that?the?same?man?is?responsible?for?three?other?murders?in?the?area.

警方認(rèn)為該地區(qū)其他三宗謀殺案也是此人所為。

(2)?responsible的名詞形式及常見用法：

responsibility?n.負(fù)責(zé)；？責(zé)任；？職責(zé)

a?sense?of?responsibility責(zé)任感

take/bear?the?responsibility?for...對(duì)...負(fù)有責(zé)任

It,s?one,s?responsibility?todosth.做某事是某人的職責(zé)。

例：She?feels?a?strong?sense?of?responsibility?towards?her?employees.她對(duì)自己的雇員有很

強(qiáng)的責(zé)任感。

?即學(xué)即用

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空

(l)A?statistic?often?repeated?is?that?human?error?is?responsible?more?than?90%

of?accidents.

(2)Being?a?teacher?means?alot?of?work?and?(responsible).

(3)As?a?bicyclerider,you?have?a?responsibility(ride)?only?on?bicycle?paths.

(2)完成句子。

科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，空氣污染可能是造成智力顯著下降的