Eclipse

平臺及應用中南大學信息科學與工程學院任勝兵第一章Eclipse平臺簡介中南大學信息科學與工程學院任勝兵1.1Eclipse平臺的目標ProvideopenplatformforapplicationdevelopmenttoolsRunonawiderangeofoperatingsystemsGUIandnon-GUILanguage-neutralPermitunrestrictedcontenttypesHTML,Java,C,JSP,EJB,XML,GIF,…FacilitateseamlesstoolintegrationAtUIanddeeperAddnewtoolstoexistinginstalledproductsAttractcommunityoftooldevelopersIncludingindependentsoftwarevendors(ISVs)CapitalizeonpopularityofJavaforwritingtools1.2

Eclipse平臺結構PlatformRuntimeWorkspaceHelpTeamWorkbenchJFaceSWTEclipseProjectJavaDevelopmentTools(JDT)TheirToolYourToolAnotherToolPlug-inDevelopmentEnvironment(PDE)EclipsePlatformDebug平臺結構簡介PlatformRuntime:負責管理插件注冊表和插件。插件是一種結構化組件，使用plugin.xml來向系統(tǒng)描述自己。Workspace：管理Eclipse平臺中的資源，包括項目、文件和文件夾。Workbench:高級用戶界面框架，用于構建由插件構建的復雜用戶界面的產品。SWT:與本機底層窗口系統(tǒng)緊密集成的小窗口工具箱和圖形庫；Jface：使用SWT實現(xiàn)的用戶界面工具箱。Team：定義附加API，允許插件集成版本和配置管理資源庫的功能等。Help：允許用戶瀏覽、搜索和打印系統(tǒng)幫助文檔。Debug:公共的調試用戶界面和一般化的調試模式。平臺運行時間（PlatformRuntime）EclipsePlatformRuntimeismicro-kernelAllfunctionalitysuppliedbyplug-insEclipsePlatformRuntimehandlesstartupDiscoversplug-insinstalledondiskMatchesupextensionswithextensionpointsBuildsglobalplug-inregistryCachesregistryondiskfornexttime插件描述：Plugin.xml<plugin

id=“com.example.tool"name=“ExamplePlug-inTool"class="com.example.tool.ToolPlugin"><requires><importplugin="org.eclipse.core.resources"/>

<importplugin="org.eclipse.ui"/></requires><runtime><libraryname=“tool.jar"/></runtime><extension

point="org.eclipse.ui.preferencepages"><pageid="com.example.tool.preferences"icon="icons/knob.gif"title=“ToolKnobs"class="com.example.tool.ToolPreferenceWizard“/></extension>

<extension-point

name=“FrobProviders“

id="com.example.tool.frobProvider"/></plugin>Declarecontribution

thisplug-inmakesDeclarenewextensionpointopentocontributionsfromotherplug-insLocationofplug-in’scodeOtherplug-insneededPlug-inidentification插件典型體系結構Plug-inADeclaresextensionpointPDeclaresinterfaceItogowithPPlug-inBImplementsinterfaceIwithitsownclassCContributesclassCtoextensionpointPPlug-inAinstantiatesCandcallsitsImethodsplug-inAplug-inBclassCinterfaceIextension

pointPextensioncontributescreates,callsimplements工作臺（Workbench）WorkbenchisUIpersonalityofEclipsePlatformUIparadigmcenteredaroundEditorsViewsPerspectivesToolbarPerspectiveandFastViewbarResourceNavigatorviewStackedviewsPropertiesviewTasksviewOutlineviewBookmarksviewMenubarMessageareaEditorStatusareaTexteditorSWTSWT=StandardWidgetToolkitGenericgraphicsandGUIwidgetsetbuttons,lists,text,menus,trees,styledtext...SimpleSmallFastOS-independentAPIUsesnativewidgetswhereavailableEmulateswidgetswhereunavailableJFaceJFaceissetofUIframeworksforcommonUItasksDesignedtobeusedinconjunctionwithSWTClassesforhandlingcommonUItasksAPIandimplementationarewindow-systemindependent透視圖（Perspective）PerspectivesarearrangementsofviewsandeditorsDifferentperspectivessuitedfordifferentusertasksUserscanquicklyswitchbetweenperspectivesTaskorientationlimitsvisibleviews,actionsScalestolargenumbersofinstalledtoolsPerspectivescontrolViewvisibilityViewandeditorlayoutActionvisibilityExtensionpointfornewperspectivesEclipsePlatformincludesstandardperspectivesResource,Debug,…PerspectiveAPI視圖（View）ViewsprovideinformationonsomeobjectViewsaugmenteditorsExample:OutlineviewsummarizescontentViewsaugmentotherviewsExample:PropertiesviewdescribesselectionExtensionpointfornewtypesofviewsEclipsePlatformincludesmanystandardviewsResourceNavigator,Outline,Properties,Tasks,Bookmarks,Search,…ViewAPIandframeworkViewscanbeimplementedwithJFaceviewers編輯器（Editor）EditorsappearinworkbencheditorareaContributeactionstoworkbenchmenuandtoolbarsOpen,edit,save,closelifecycleOpeneditorsarestackedExtensionpointforcontributingnewtypesofeditorsExample:JDTprovidesJavasourcefileeditorEclipsePlatformincludessimpletextfileeditorWindowsonly:embedanyOLEdocumentaseditorExtensivetexteditorAPIandframework工作區(qū)（workspace）：資源管理器Toolsoperateonfilesinuser’sworkspaceProjectsmaptodirectoriesinfilesystem{Files,Folders,Projects}termedresourcesWorkspaceholds1ormoretop-levelprojectsToolsread,create,modify,anddeleteresourcesinworkspacePlug-insaccessviaworkspaceandresourceAPIsTreeoffoldersandfilesEclipse平臺特點EclipsePlatformisthenucleusofIDEproductsPlug-ins,extensionpoints,extensionsOpen,extensiblearchitectureWorkspace,projects,files,foldersCommonplacetoorganize&storedevelopmentartifactsWorkbench,editors,views,perspectivesCommonuserpresentationandUIparadigmKeybuildingblocksandfacilitiesHelp,teamsupport,internationalization,…Eclipseisauniversalplatformfor

integratingdevelopmenttools第二章Eclipse編程工具中南大學信息科學與工程學院任勝兵Eclipse編程JDT(Eclipse自帶):編輯、編譯、運行和調試Java程序。CDT(插件)：編輯、運行和調試C/C++程序。先下載C/C++編譯器，如：Cygwin,MinGW；再下載CDT插件2.1Java運行環(huán)境（JRE）進入：[Window]菜單下的[Preferences],選擇Java支，如圖。檢測已安裝的JRE;設置工作臺選項；設置新建項目選項；設置Java編輯器。2.2Java透視圖Java-centricviewoffilesinJavaprojectsJavaelementsmeaningfulforJavaprogrammersJava

projectpackageclassfieldmethodJava

editor2.3創(chuàng)建Java項目Java項目包含用于構建Java程序的源代碼和相關文件。新建Java項目的步驟：選擇[File]->[New]->[Project],從彈出的窗口中選[Java]->[JavaProject],單擊下一步;輸入項目名，并確定項目保存的文件目錄，單擊完成即可，在Java透視圖中的“資源管理器”中便可看到創(chuàng)建的項目。新建Java類選擇新建的項目；在工具欄中單擊“創(chuàng)建Java類”按鈕（帶有一個C標記）；在彈出的窗口中輸入類名稱，并設置有關屬性（如選中publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args）），單擊完成，則Java編輯窗口會自動打開。2.4Java編輯器Eclipse可以對二進制的CLASS文件打開Java編輯器，顯示相應的源文件。Java編輯器功能：語法突出顯示；內容/代碼輔助；代碼格式化；導入輔助；快速修正；調試。語法突出顯示Java源程序中的不同種類的元素使用獨特的顏色顯示，包括：常規(guī)注釋；Javadoc注釋；關鍵字；字符串；…內容/代碼輔助有利于提高編程速度和代碼準確性。ListofplausiblemethodsDocformethod代碼格式化啟動代碼格式化：Ctrl+Shift+F;設置代碼格式化：[Windows]->[Preferences]->[Java]->[CodeFormatter]調試可在[Window]->[Preferences]->[Debug]中設置調試器首選項。如下圖示。2.5重構重構是面向對象軟件開發(fā)時在保持代碼外部行為不變的條件下，改變程序結構的行為。重構是極限編程（eXtremeProgramming）中的重要概念。重構使得軟件設計可以簡化，不需要過多因為軟件將來的變化而對設計提出過多限制，使設計復雜化。設計模式使重構成為熱門。重構舉例：換名重構Rename步驟：選擇要換名的元素，如Student類；執(zhí)行Rename重構；運行測試重構結果。2.6類測試:JunitJunit是一個開放源代碼的Java測試框架，最初由ErichGamma和KentBeck開發(fā)。Junit是極限編程和重構中被極力推薦的工具。2.6.1Junit框架測試斷言測試單個類測試多個類運行測試類測試結果2.6.2Junit框架使用junitMyClassTestCaseexercise1..*TestRunnerrun1..*MyClassTesttestMethod()…setUp()

tearDown()Method()TestCaseClassMyClassTestextendsTestCase{publicFooTest(Stringmethodname){super(methodname);}protectedvoidsetup(){//產生對象

varC=newMyClass(…);//…..}protectedvoidtearDown(){}//刪除對象

publicvoidtestMethod(){//測試驅動程序//……

assertEquals(varC.method(),…)}

PublicstaticTestsuite(){

TestSuitesuite=newTestSuite();suite.addTest(newMyClassTest(“testMethod”));returnsuite;}pub