2025屆新高考英語沖刺復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解主旨大意題

稿定PPT稿定PPT，海量素材持續(xù)更新，上千款模板選擇總有一款適合你02閱讀理解之主旨大意考點的必備知識：一、命題規(guī)律：1．命題規(guī)律：主旨大意題旨在考查考生歸納概括以及辨別主要信息和次要信息的能力，是閱讀理解中的高難度題，概括全文大意最簡單的方法就是把每段的大意串起來考慮。2．考查趨勢：主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解中的必考點，每年必考，一般考查1--2題。3．考查類型：主要考查文章標(biāo)題、段落大意題、文章大意題、目的意圖題。4.設(shè)問方式：

1.大意類：文章大意&段落大意Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Whatisthefirst/secondparagraphmainlyabout?Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

2.標(biāo)題類Whatis/canbe/mightbethebesttitleforthetext?Whichofthefollowingcan/mightbethebesttitleforthetext?What/Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

3.作者意圖類Whatisthepurposeofthistext?Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1？Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?Example1Somepeoplelikereading,andsomepeoplelikeswimming.Ihavemanyhobbies,suchasreading,skating,andtraveling.Infact,differentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.MyfriendAnnstudiesveryhard.Soherhobbyisreadingallkindsofbooks.Tonylovesworkingwithherhands,andhishobbyisgardening.

稿定PPT稿定PPT，海量素材持續(xù)更新，上千款模板選擇總有一款適合你02二、常用的解題方法如何判斷段落大意

思維導(dǎo)圖

Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.Example2

AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Example3

Themainissueissafeaccess.Withsewage(污水)warningsforEnglishandWelshbeachesthissummer,waterqualityneedstobeaddressedurgently.Then,lawscouldbeusedtoopenupaccessandalsofreelandownersfromresponsibility.Afterthat,organizationsliketheNationalTrustmightputinmeasuressuchasladdersandletpeopleusetheirfacilities.

WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Solutionstosafeaccess. B.Processofsewagetreatmentresearch.C.Problemswithsafeaccess. D.Methodsofsewagetreatmentresearch.Example4(2021全國乙)

Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayinglandline(座機)?

Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustralaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.

Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecalls

anywhere,anytime.

Still,5percentof

Australianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)relyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey(調(diào)查)....

Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones？A.Theirtargetusers

B.Theirwidepopularity. C.Theirmaiorfunctions D.TheircomplexdesignExample5

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.....Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants. B.Abigfallincrimerates.C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces. D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.Example6

....Aristotle,agreatthinkerandeducator,haspointedoutthatshallowfriendshipiseasilyformedbutalsoeasilyabandonedbecausesuchbondsarefragile.Deepfriendship,bycontrast,iswhenyoucareforyourfriendforhissake,notforanybenefityoucanget.Thisisselflessfriendship.Youcanhaveonlyacoupleofthesefriendsbecausetheyrequirelotsoftimeandeffort.Youmustmakesacrificesforeachother.

WhatdoestheauthormainlyexplaininParagraph3?A.Impactofselfishfriendship. B.Themeaningofdeepfriendship.C.Selflesssacrificesinfriendship. D.Theformationofshallowfriendship.稿定PPT稿定PPT，海量素材持續(xù)更新，上千款模板選擇總有一款適合你022.如何判斷文章大意

思維導(dǎo)圖Example1

Fatherscangivetheirchildrenaneducationaladvantageatprimaryschoolbyreading,drawingandplayingwiththem,accordingtoanewlypublishedreport.ResearchledbytheUniversityofLeedshasfoundthatchildrendobetteratprimaryschooliftheirfathersregularlyspendtimewiththemoninteractiveengagementactivitieslikereading,playing,tellingstories,drawingandsinging.

Analysingprimaryschooltestscoresforfive-andseven-year-olds,theresearchersusedarepresentativesampleofnearly5,000mother-fatherhouseholdsinEnglandfromtheMilleniumCohortStudy........Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.It’scrucialthatfatherscanhavealastingimpactonchildren.B.Youngchildrencangetbrilliantchildhoodwithfather-engagement.C.Fathersandmothersshouldsharechildcareinfamilyearlyeducation.D.Youngchildrendobetteratschooliftheirdadsreadandplaywiththem.Example2

Playingtennisregularlycouldhelpkeeppeopleoffdeath,butfootball,rugbyandrunningmaynothelppeopletolivelonger,astudysuggests.

Astudyfollowedmorethan80,000peopleforanaverageofnineyearstofindoutifcertainsportsprotectedthemagainstearlydeath.Itfoundthatpeoplewhoplayedracketsportsregularlyweretheleastlikelytodieoverthestudyperiod,reducingtheirindividualriskby47percentcomparedwithpeoplewhodidnoexercise.Swimmersalsoreducedtheirchanceofdeathby28percent,aerobics(有氧運動)fansby27percentandcyclistsby15percent.Yetrunningappearedtohavenoimpactatallondyingearly,andneitherdidplayingfootballorrugby.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Thousandsofpeopleparticipatedina9-yearstudy.B.Studyfindsplayingtennishelpspeoplelivelonger.C.Itiswrongtosayrunninghasnoimpactonheartdisease.D.Therearedifferencesbetweenracketsportsandteamgames.Example3（2020全國I卷）

AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership...Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?

A．Foodsafety.

B．Movieviewership.

C．Consumerdemand.

D．Eatingbehavior.稿定PPT稿定PPT，海量素材持續(xù)更新，上千款模板選擇總有一款適合你023.如何判斷文章大意

思維導(dǎo)圖Example1

Microplasticpollutionisincreasingdramaticallyaroundtheglobe,accordingtoastudyofairbone(空氣傳播的)plasticparticles.Peoplearealready...

Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Effectsofmicroplasticsonhumanhealth.B.Plasticpollutionrisingrapidlyintheair.C.Possiblesolutionstoplasticpollution.D.Plasticpollutionontheglobalscale.

Example2

SwotsatelliteisscheduledtobelaunchedThursdaymorningtoconductacomprehensivesurveyofEarth’svitalresource.Byusingadvancedmicrowaveradartechnologyitwillcollectheight-surfacemeasurementsofoceans,lakesandriversinhigh-definitiondetailover90%oftheglobe.It’sreallythefirsttimetoobservenearlyallwaterontheplanet’ssurface.Themajormissionistoexplorehowoceanshelp...

Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ASolutiontoClimateChange B.ABreakthroughinSpaceTravelC.FirstGlobalWaterSurveyfromSpace D.TheSuccessfulLaunchofSwotSatelliteExample3

BEIJING—China’seducationauthoritywilltightenthewidelycriticizedpolicyof“extracredits”forthenationalcollegeentranceexaminationtoensureafairerchanceforallexam-takers.Underthepolicy,highschoolstudentswhowinawardsinnationalOlympiccompetitionscouldget‘‘extracredits”,upto20pointsforthenationalcollegeentranceexam.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.“Extracredits”policyinChinatobeadjustedB.PromotionofnationalOlympiccompetitionsC.AdviceonthenationalcollegeentranceexamD.Chinesegovernmenttopusheducationreform

Example4

Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(對稱的)shapes...Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(線索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.

Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckers

B.

Cockatoos:IndependentLearnersC.

Cockatoos:CleverSignal-Readers

D.

Cockatoos:SkillfulShape-Sorters

Example5

Iwasvisitingmyparentsin2003whenmymomcameoutoftheirroomwithapuzzledlookonherface.She’dbeenlisteningtotheradioandheardaninterviewwithabest-sellingauthorofyoungadultfantasynovels.Thewoman’snamewasTamoraPierce,thesameasayoungstudentmymomhadtaughtnearlyfourdecadesbefore.TheInternetshouldbeabletotellus.Ifoundtheauthor’swebsitequickly.Shewasapopularwriterofbooks.IclickedonthebiographylinktoscanforreferencestoBurlingameJuniorHigh,wheremymomhadworked,andmyheartbegantoexcitewhenIspotteditatthebottomofthefirstsection.Herewasconfirmationthatmymotherhadtaughtanow-famouswriter!Butmyeyescametoastopreadingthenextparagraph,inwhichPiercedescribedwritingherfirstfictionasasixthgrader.“Thenextyear,asIwasstillscribbling(亂寫)myownstories,myEnglishteacher,Mrs.Jacobson,introducedmetotheLordoftheRingstrilogybyJ.R.R.Tolkien,”thebiographyread.“Igothookedonfantasy,andthenonsciencefiction,andbothmadetheirwayintomystories.”Mymother’snamewasMaryJacobson.

...What’sthesuitabletitleofthepassage?A.AnOrdinaryTeacherShapingAFamousWriterB.AWomanWriterwithGratitudeforHerTeacherC.Pierce:FromaStudentWritertoaFantasyQueenD.ToHonorMyMother:ACreatorofFamousWritersExample6

Visitorswon’tfindmanystraightrowsintheorganicgardenatMartinLutherKingMiddleSchoolinBerkeley,California.Sometimesthebedslooklikehearts,eyes,questionmarksorarainbow.Andthenthere’sthelovelydrainageditch(水溝),calledthe“MiddleRiver,”whichlaughing,muddystudentscarvedrightdownthecenteroftheirone-acreland.Ashelooksaround,KelseySiegel,theyoungteacherinchargeofthegarden,can’thelpbutsmile.“SomanyoftheyouthweworkwithhavegrownupinfrontofTVandvideogames;theyhaven’treallyhadthisexperienceofplayinginthemudandwater,”henotes.Theschoolyardfarm“fillsinsomethingthat’smissingintheirlives.”...Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Fieldofdreams B.GardenofpleasureC.Junk-freerestaurant D.Cost-effectivecampus意圖推斷法文體推斷法說服作者接受某一觀點或提倡某種做法toprove/analyze/show/argue議論文

介紹某一事物或解釋某一現(xiàn)象tointroduce/explain/inform...說明文講述故事或分享經(jīng)歷,愉悅讀者,或表達作者之情感，感悟或啟示totellastoryorlesson/toshareanexperience/...

記敘文

toattractvisitors/tosellaproduct/topromote(推銷)...推銷產(chǎn)品或服務(wù),吸引顧客、游客、訂戶等；鼓勵捐贈等廣告應(yīng)用文新聞報道類

toinform/report...4.如何判斷作者的寫作意圖

思維導(dǎo)圖Example1

Climatechangeisnotonlyahumanproblem;animalshavetoadapttoitaswell.Some“warm-blooded”animalsareshapeshifting(變形)andgettinglargerlegs,ears,andbeakstobettercontroltheirbodytemperaturesastheplanetgetshotter.BirdresearcherSaraRydingofDeakinUniversityinAustraliadescribesthesechangesinareview.......

Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?

A.Tointroduceabirdresearcher.

B.Topresentashapeshiftingphenomenon.

C.Toexplainthecauseofclimatechange.

D.Tostatetheterribleinfluenceofclimatechange.Example2

Whenwelookatalovelybaby,apuppyorareallycutekitten,manyofuswanttosqueeze(捏)it.Whyisthat?

AccordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalFrontiersinBehaviouralNeuroscience,it'satypicalexperienceof“cuteaggression”(萌系侵略性).Theexperienceresultsfromthefightbetweenthebrain's“emotionsystem”,whichimpels(驅(qū)使)peopletosqueezecutethings,andits“rewardsystem”whichdealswithfeelingsof“wanting”.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?A.Topersuadereaderstoprotectcuteanimals.B.Tostressthesignificanceofcuteaggression.C.Topresentresearchfindingsoncuteaggression.D.Toshareaninterestingphenomenonwithreaders.Example3

Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan

....Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothe

country,hereturnedto

Uzbekistantowritean