中考英語完形填空

專題復習2024/7/19Learningaims(學習目標)1.了解完形填空解題步驟和技巧。2.運用完形填空的解題技巧，培養(yǎng)理解和分析判斷能力，從而提高學生總體語言水平。3.培養(yǎng)提高完形填空單項成績的自信心。

2024/7/19FeaturesofClozeTest(完形填空的命題特點）完形填空題是通過閱讀考查學生語言知識及綜合運用能力的一種測試形式。命題人在一段難度適度的文章中留出15個空白，要求考生從所給的四個選項中選出一個最佳答案，使補足的短文意思通順、結構完整。完形填空是介于單項選擇和閱讀理解之間的一種題型。既有對語法規(guī)則、習慣用法和詞語搭配的考查，又有對文章內容的通篇理解。完形填空主要考查以下三個方面的內容：※詞匯：近義詞的區(qū)別，詞語的固定搭配和習慣用法?！Z法：名詞的單復數，形容詞、副詞的比較等級，動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)，介詞、數詞、代詞和連詞的用法，主謂一致，各種從句的用法等。※結構：文章中間句子與句子之間，段落與段落之間，上文與下文之間的邏輯關系。2024/7/19TrendencyofClozeTest(完形填空的命題趨勢)一、情景意義選擇為主，語法選擇填空為輔完形填空著眼于整體理解，要注意上下句的邏輯關系以及整篇文章的情景意義，尤其是在需要填連接性詞語時更需要上下文提供的線索，把自己置身于情景當中進行填空。二、實詞為主，虛詞為輔完形填空考查詞義的辨析和對文章結構的把握?？疾辄c多是動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞等實詞，伴有少數表明詞際關系、句際關系的介詞和連詞。2024/7/19三、保留提示句、注重首句首句通常不設選項。因為第一句是核心句，是觀察全文的窗口，對熟悉語境、確定時態(tài)、推測文章大意等起著關鍵性的作用。四、邏輯性強，結構嚴謹，層次分明，注重快速領悟文章主旨不再以單純的語法知識為命題角度，而是考查對語篇的綜合理解，試題突出語篇、注重語境、強調應用。TrendencyofClozeTest(完形填空的命題趨勢)2024/7/19Step1Readthroughthepassageandgetthemainidea

跳過空格,通讀全文,掌握大意Step2Readcarefullyandchoosetherightanswers

仔細閱讀，注意技巧，選擇答案Step3Re-readandchecktheanswers

復讀全文,逐個核對,驗證答案StepsofClozeTest(完形填空的解題步驟）2mins6mins2mins2024/7/19

"IdiditjusttomakeZacfeelhe'snottheonlyonewithoutany24."saidVincent.

Vincenthasalsobeenraisingmoneyforhisbestfriendafterlearninghow25hischemotherapytreatmentsare.Heaskedhismothertomake26than20scarvesandgloves.Heandhismother27thematthepriceof10dollarseach,raisingover$200forZac.TheencouragementfromVincentseemstobeworking.ThoughZacisreceivingtreatments,hehas28missedanydaysofschool.HeknowsthatVincentisoutontheplayground,waitingforhimatbreak.

Whenasked29

friendshipwas,VincentlookedathisfriendZac,thoughtfora(an)30andresponded,"It'sabeautifulthing."

Clearly,wisdomdoesn'talwayscomewithage.本篇文章是一篇記敘文，講述了一個七歲的小男孩文森特巴特菲爾德的故事。他的好朋友扎克因癌癥化療而脫發(fā)變成禿頭，文森特就剃了光頭陪伴他，還叫媽媽織圍巾和手套賣，為扎克籌款。多么令人感動的友誼啊！Thisisastorytellingwhathappenedtoaseven-year-oldboy,VincentButterfield.VincentButterfieldcutallhishairofftoaccompanyhisgoodfriendZac,whohadcancerandlosthishairthroughchemotherapy.Also,VincentaskedhismothertomakescarvesandglovestorisemoneyforZac.Howmovingthefriendshipis!2024/7/19

Afirst-gradestudentwhosebestfriendisbattlingcancerthoughtthathoursofplayingandtellingjokeswasnotenough-hewantedtoshowhisbuddyjusthowheunderstoodthe16timehewasgoingthrough.

Seven-year-oldVincentButterfield17theonlywaywastocutoffhishairinsupportofhisbestfriendZacwholosthishairthroughchemotherapy(化療).

ZacGossageisreceivingtreatmentbut18goestoUnionCentralElementarySchoolinMissourieveryday,19that'swherehegetstoplayontheswingwithVincent.VincentfoundoutthatZacmight20hishairbecauseofthechemotherapytreatment.Sooneday,heshowedupinthefirstgradeclasswearinga21.HesaidtohisteacherMrs.Koester,"IhaveasurpriseforZac."Andhepulledoffhiscapandother22sawthathealreadyhadallhishair23off.

Step1Readthroughthepassageandgetthemainidea2024/7/19

Afirst-gradestudentwhosebestfriendisbattlingcancerthoughtthathoursofplayingandtellingjokeswasnotenough-hewantedtoshowhisbuddyjusthowheunderstoodthe16timehewasgoingthrough.

Seven-year-oldVincentButterfield17theonlywaywastocutoffhishairinsupportofhisbestfriendZacwholosthishairthroughchemotherapy(化療).

ZacGossageisreceivingtreatmentbut18goestoUnionCentralElementarySchoolinMissourieveryday,19that'swherehegetstoplayontheswingwithVincent.VincentfoundoutthatZacmight20hishairbecauseofthechemotherapytreatment.Sooneday,heshowedupinthefirstgradeclasswearinga21.HesaidtohisteacherMrs.Koester,"IhaveasurpriseforZac."Andhepulledoffhiscapandother22sawthathealreadyhadallhishair23off.

Step2Readthroughandguessthemissingwords2024/7/19

"IdiditjusttomakeZacfeelhe'snottheonlyonewithoutany24."saidVincent.

Vincenthasalsobeenraisingmoneyforhisbestfriendafterlearninghow25hischemotherapytreatmentsare.Heaskedhismothertomake26than20scarvesandgloves.Heandhismother27thematthepriceof10dollarseach,raisingover$200forZac.TheencouragementfromVincentseemstobeworking.ThoughZacisreceivingtreatments,hehas28missedanydaysofschool.HeknowsthatVincentisoutontheplayground,waitingforhimatbreak.

Whenasked29

friendshipwas,VincentlookedathisfriendZac,thoughtfora(an)30andresponded,"It'sabeautifulthing."

Clearly,wisdomdoesn'talwayscomewithage.24.A.friends B.moneyC.clothesD.hair25.A.expensiveB.successfulC.important D.meaningful26.A.fewer B.more C.worse D.better27.A.made B.donatedC.soldD.collected28.A.already B.alwaysC.nearlyD.hardly29.A.how B.what C.whereD.which30.A.moment B.hour C.morningD.dayABCDDBAcontext

上下文、語境Seven-year-oldVincentButterfielddecidedtheonlywaywastocutoffhishairinsupportofhisbestfriendZacwholosthishairthroughchemotherapy(化療).context

上下文、語境grammaranalysis

語法分析logic

邏輯推理logic

邏輯推理backgroundknowledge

背景知識context

上下文、語境Step4Re-readandcheckanswers2024/7/1916.A.hard

B.exciting

C.unpleasant

D.pleasant17.A.decided

B.refused

C.agreed

D.disliked18.A.ever

B.never

C.just

D.still19.A.though

B.but

C.because

D.so20.A.raise

B.add

C.lose

D.fall21.A.mask

B.scarf

C.glove

D.cap22.A.teachers

B.kids

C.parents

D.patients23.A.pulled

B.sent

C.cut

D.put

Afirst-gradestudentwhosebestfriendisbattlingcancerthoughtthathoursofplayingandtellingjokeswasnotenough-hewantedtoshowhisbuddyjusthowheunderstoodthe16timehewasgoingthrough.

Seven-year-oldVincentButterfield17theonlywaywastocutoffhishairinsupportofhisbestfriendZacwholosthishairthroughchemotherapy(化療).

ZacGossageisreceivingtreatmentbut18goestoUnionCentralElementarySchoolinMissourieveryday,19that'swherehegetstoplayontheswingwithVincent.VincentfoundoutthatZacmight20hishairbecauseofthechemotherapytreatment.Sooneday,heshowedupinthefirstgradeclasswearinga21.HesaidtohisteacherMrs.Koester,"IhaveasurpriseforZac."Andhepulledoffhiscapandother22sawthathealreadyhadallhishair23off.

Step3GuessandfillintheblanksACDACCDBcontext

上下文、語境context

上下文、語境context

上下文、語境backgroundknowledge

背景知識context

上下文、語境regularcollocation

固定搭配grammaranalysis

語法分析backgroundknowledge

背景知識2024/7/19SkillsofClozeTest(完形填空的解題技巧）

context

上下文、語境

logic

邏輯推理regularcollocation

固定搭配grammaranalysis

語法分析backgroundknowledge

背景知識Skill1Skill2Skill3Skill5Skill42024/7/19Step1Readthroughthepassageandgetthemainidea

跳過空格,通讀全文,掌握大意Step2Readcarefullyandchoosetherightanswers

仔細閱讀，注意技巧，選擇答案Step3Re-readandchecktheanswers

復讀全文,逐個核對,驗證答案

context

上下文、語境

logic

邏輯推理regularcollocation

固定搭配grammaranalysis

語法分析backgroundknowledge

背景知識略讀2'細讀6'復讀2'StepsofClozeTest(完形填空的解題步驟）2024/7/19InNewYork,onaFridaynight,ayoungartiststoodatthegateofatrainstation.Hewasplayinghis_____.Hismusicwassogreatthatmanypeopleputmoneyintohishat.Thenextday,theyoungartistcametothesameplace,andplayedtheviolinasusual.A.pianoB.guitarC.violinD.sax

Onceakingwaswalkingaroundapoolwithhisministers（大臣）.Suddenly,hecameupwithanidea.Heasked,"Howmanybasketsof______arethereinthepool?"

…asbigasthe

pool,

thereisonebasketofwater…

A.fishB.flowersC.waterD.apples2024/7/19Skill1：Context上下文、語境

上下文或語境技巧分為上文語境暗示和下文語境暗示兩種。在做完型填空時，我們會經常遇到此類題目，這時可以根據上下文的一些提示性的引導詞判斷上下文和空格部分的關系，從而做出正確的選擇。

MarkTwain,

afamousAmericanwriter,

wasoncetravellinginFrance.HewentbytraintoDijon.Hewasverytiredandwantedto______.

HeaskedtheconductortowakehimupwhenthetraingottoDijon.

Butfirsthesaidhewasaheavysleeper…

A.readB.writeC.drinkD.sleep2024/7/19

Whenyouwaveafriendyouareusingsign

languages.

Whenyousmileatsomeone,

youmeantobe_____.

Whenyouputonefingerinfrontofyour______,

youmean"Bequiet."Yet,

peopleindifferentcountriesmayusedifferentsignlanguages.

OnceanEnglishmanwasinItaly.

HecouldspeakalittleItalian.Onedaywhilehewaswalkinginthestreet,

hefelt______andwentintoarestaurant……

A.wellB.friendlyC.fineD.careful

A.eyesB.legs

C.mouthD.head

A.hungryB.tired

C.coldD.ill

Mymotheroftenaskedme,"Whatisthemostimportantpartofthebody?"Ithoughtsoundwasveryimportanttousas

human,soIsaid．"My______,Mommy"Shesaid"No．Manypeoplearedeaf（聾的）…"

A.earsB.eyesC.bodyD.head2024/7/19Skill2:Logic邏輯推理

完型填空是一篇有完整內容的文章，各行各段之間有著邏輯上的必然聯(lián)系。在所提供的選項中，有的從語法角度是正確的，從語義上考慮就會自相矛盾，出現不合邏輯的現象。這時應從文章和句子入手，對語法無誤的幾個選項通過分析對比，選出最符合上下文內在聯(lián)系的答案。

Whenwetalked,IdiscoveredsomedifferencesinschoollifebetweentheUSandChina.Forexample,eachclasslastsfiftyminutesintheUS.Itisalittle______thanthatinChina.Weusuallyhaveforty-fiveminutesineachclass.A.shorterB.longerC.earlierD.later2024/7/19

Whentwopeopleareinaconversation,thespeakerwillonlylookatthelistenerfromtimetotime,inordertomakesurethatthelistenerdoespayattention______whatheorsheisspeaking…

A.forB.ofC.withD.toInthemorning,thekingwenttovisitthepond.Tohissurprise,thepondwasonlyfilledwithwater!Whathappened?Yes!Everyonehadthesameidea____thatman.A.withB.toC.asD.ofpayattentionto注意thesameas和...一樣SomeyoungpeoplelearnEnglishfortheirstudiesbecausesomeoftheirbooksare______English.A.inB.withC.atD.ofin后接語言2024/7/19Skill3:Regularcollocation

固定搭配

短語搭配和固定句型不僅是學習的難點，也是完型填空測試的重點。短語搭配形式較多，有名詞短語搭配、動詞短語搭配、介詞短語搭配等，這些固定搭配都是語言在長期的發(fā)展和演變過程中形成的，是語言的精華，我們只有在平時學習中認真積累，做題時才能得心應手。做這類題時，不需要特別的分析，就能鎖定正確的答案。

FromMondaytoFriday,mostpeoplearebusyworkingorstudying,

butintheeveningandweekends,they

arefreeand_______themselves.

SomewatchTVorgotothemovies;

otherstakepart_____sports.

Thisisdecidedbytheirowninterests…

A.loveB.workC.enjoyD.play

A.at

B.with

C.onD.inenjoyoneself盡興takepartin參與2024/7/19Skill4:Grammaranalysis語法分析

完型填空的考查比較淡化語法，但一個語義連貫的語篇必須通過省略、指代、時間或地點關聯(lián)等語法關系來實現。因此，命題人常利用這些關聯(lián)“制造語境”，設置考點?？忌忸}時可利用這些語法關系對句子進行分析、判斷并推理出最佳選項。

Fashions_____astimegoes.A.changesB.havechangedC.changedD.willchange“時髦隨著時間的推移發(fā)生變化”，屬于客觀事實和普遍真理，因此，要用一般現在時。2024/7/19

固定句型，就是英語中一些常見的固定句型，例如：Therebe+sb+doingsth有某人正在做某事not…until…

直到...才...Ittakes/tooksb.+時間+todosth

花費某人多少時間做某事It’s+形容詞+（forsb）todosth

對某人而言做某事如何too…to…

太...而不能...記住并靈活運用這些固定句式，在做完型填空時是很有用的，可以輕松快速幫助我們排除一些干擾因素，更快更準地選擇答案。

Everyoneneedsfriends.

Weallliketofeelclosertosomeone._______isnicetohaveafriendtotalk,

laughanddothingswith…

A.ItB.HeC.ThereD.SomeoneIt’s+形容詞+todosth2024/7/19"Don'tsayanythingaboutit,"histeacherstoppedhim,“Don'ttrytocomelatenexttime!”Samsaidyesandwalkedtohis______quickly.A.roomB.tableC.seatD.teacher

Whenhewasgoingtoleavethehouse,heforgotthathehadnotputawayhisbooks.Heranquicklytothedeskandputthemintothebag.Hethenwenttothebusstoptogotoschoolas______ashecould.A.carefullyB.quietlyC.earlyD.fast2024/7/19Skill5:Backgroundknowledge

背景知識

背景知識包括生活常識，英美國家文化等方面，是一種對學生綜合知識要求較高的完型技巧。由于近年來中考偏愛英美國家敘事類文章，其中涉及到的一些無法通過單純的詞匯辨析或語境解決的問題，就可以通過背景知識得到答案。

Allovertheworldpeopleswimforfun.Swimmingisenjoyedbypeopleof______ages,fromtheveryyoungtotheveryold.Therearemanyplacesforpeopletoswiminswimmingpools.A.allB.noneC.someD.both

ThenumberofstarsintheAmericannationalflagrepresents_______statesofAmerica.Andthestripesrepresenttheoriginalcolonies.A.thirteenB.fifteenC.fiftyD.thirty2024/7/19Practice(實戰(zhàn)演練)1.Finishitineightminutes

2.UnderlineorcirclethecluesPayattentionto:

1.whydidyouchooseit?

2.whichskilldidyouuse?

context上下文、語境

regularcollocation固定搭配logic邏輯推理

grammaranalysis語法分析backgroundknowledge背景知識2024/7/19hospital1.MrBlackisadoctor,heworksinthe_________.2.Anursenotonlyworksintheday,

butalsoworksduringthe_______.3.Heisratherbusy,

sohehas__________timetohavelunchathome.4.WehaveanEnglishtestthisterm,it'sveryeasy,

moststudentscan

_______thistest.5.Thewholeclasswenttothezooyesterday,theywereverytired________happy.

but

nightno/littlepassHaveatry(小試牛刀)2024/7/19

Whilewewerestillthere,twoothermenenteredand_19_threecupsofcoffee,twoonthetableandoneonthewall.Theyhadtwobutpaidfor_20_.Thistimealso,thewaiterdidthesamething.Itwas_21_unusualforus.

Afterafewdays,wehadachancetoenterthiscoffeeshopagain.Whilewewereenjoyingourcoffee,aman_22_appearedhomelessentered.Helookedatthewallandsaid,"Onecupofcoffeefromthewall."

19、A.offeredB.ordered

C.drank D.left20、A.none B.one C.two D.three21、A.nothing

B.anythingC.everything D.something22、A.who

B.whom

C.which D.whatBDDAbackgroundknowledge

背景知識logic

邏輯推理grammaranalysis

語法分析Nowitwasnosurpriseforuscontext

上下文、語境2024/7/19

Isatwithmyfriendinawell-knowncoffeeshopinatownofItaly.

Asweenjoyedourcoffee,amanenteredandsatbesideus.Hecalledthewaiterover,saying,”Twocupsofcoffee,oneofthemthereonthe_16_”

Weheardhisorderwith_17_andnoticedthathewasservedonecupofcoffee_18_hepaidfortwo.

Whenheleft,thewaiterputapieceofpaperonthewallsaying"ACupofCoffee".

16、A.table

B.wall

C.paper

D.bin17、A.interest

B.pride

C.pain

D.worry18、A.until

B.so C.but

D.ifBACcontext

上下文、語境backgroundknowledge

背景知識grammaranalysis

語法分析2024/7/19

Justthinkabout_27_thismanwanted.Hedidn’thavetolosehisfacetoaskfora(n)_28_cupofcoffee._29_askingorknowingwhowasgivinghimthiscupofcoffee,heonlylookedatthewall,placedanorder,_30_hiscoffeeandleft.

It’satrulybeautifulthing---probablythemostbeautifulwallanywhereintheworld.27、A.howB.when

C.what

D.that28、A.free

B.expensiveC.low

D.cheap29、A.With

B.WithoutC.Before

D.After30、A.sharedB.bought

C.preferred

D.enjoyedADCBgrammaranalysis

語法分析Themanhadhiscoffeeandleftwithoutpaying.context

上下文、語境logic

邏輯推理backgroundknowledge

背景知識2024/7/19

Thewaiterservedacupofcoffeetothismanwith_23_.Themanhadhiscoffeeandleftwithout_24_.Wewereamazedtowatchallofthisasthewaiter_25_apieceofpaperoffthewallandthrewitintothebin.

Nowitwasnosurpriseforus---thematterwasvery_26_.Thepeopleofthistownshowedgreatrespectforthosepeoplewhoneededhelp.23、A.respect

B.satisfaction

C.regret

D.pity24、A.asking

B.booking

C.replying

D.paying25、A.brought

B.carried

C.took

D.laid26、A.important

B.clear

C.direct

D.correctADCBcontext

上下文、語境logic

邏輯推理regularcollocation

固定搭配context

上下文、語境2024/7/19策略一◆LastsummerMikefoundaswimming38nearhishouse.Thelessonsdidnotcostverymuch.38.A.parkB.schoolC.farmD.factory◆Youshakeyourhead,andpeopleknowyouaresaying“50”.

50.A.OKB.NoC.WellD.Sorry捕捉信息，輕松解題2024/7/19Tips(誤區(qū)提示)解題誤區(qū)1.誤以為完形填空題是語法題。2.拘泥于個別段落、句子或短語,忽略了上下文的聯(lián)系,而造成誤選。3.存在一些心理障礙和心理誤區(qū)。4.改來改去。解題注意事項1.先易后難,逐題推進2.依據語意,注意推理3.順藤摸瓜,前后呼應4.合理思維，勿鉆“牛角”2024/7/19策略三◆Buildingahouseisanoperation（行為）whichcostsquitealotofmoney.Supposeyouplantobuildahouse,yourfirststepistofindasuitablepieceof47.Youwillprobablytrytofindasunnyplace,inapleasantsituation,nearstoresandbusstops,nottoofarfromyourfriendsandtheplacewhereyouwork.47.A.floorB.placeC.landD.playground◆Mymomalways1,“Tomakeprogressisimportant.”1.A.saysB.tellsC.speaksD.asks辨析用法，謹慎選擇2024/7/19Iwasreally49becauseitwasthefirsttimeIhadtakenpartinanycompetition.ThinkingthatImightbeluckyagain,Itriedjoininginotherartcompetitions.49.A.sorryB.activeC.luckyD.nervous策略五觀察語境，切忌臆斷2024/7/19策略四◆It’struethatwedon’tknow_____we’vegotuntilweloseit,andit’salso…A.whenB.whatC.whyD.where借助語法，避免干擾◆Fromthatdayon,Mrs.Tippettwasevenmorestrictwith______andgavememorehelp.A.themB.herC.usD.me2024/7/19

So