Unit3

CelebrationsSectionⅣ單元復(fù)習(xí)Grammar走近新課·一起感知語法探究·一起思考隨

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習(xí)

走近新課·一起感知語法感知寫出句中畫線部分被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式1.Losttimeisneverfoundagain.

2.Thelostboywassenthomebythepolice.

3.Theroadisbeingrepairednow.

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞一般過去時(shí)was/were+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+being+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞4.Theproblemhasbeensolvedalready.

5.Shefoundshewasbeingfollowedbyastranger.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+been+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+being+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞語法探究·一起思考知識(shí)脈絡(luò)語法精講知識(shí)脈絡(luò)語法精講被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)主要分為兩種:主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)指主語是謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,兩者為主動(dòng)關(guān)系;被動(dòng)語態(tài)指主語是謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者,兩者為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Ihavedonethejob.(主動(dòng)句)Thejobhasbeendonebyme.(被動(dòng)句)1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)的不同,可分為以下幾種常用類型:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+done一般過去時(shí)was/were+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+beingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+beingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+beendone過去完成時(shí)had+beendone一般將來時(shí)shall/will+bedone過去將來時(shí)would/should+bedone2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊情況(1)雙賓語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),既可把指人的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語;也可把指物的直接賓語用作主語,但此時(shí)必須在間接賓語前面加上介詞to或for。Hegavemeapen.→Iwasgivenapenbyhim.→Apenwasgiventomebyhim.Shedrewthemapictureyesterday.→Theyweredrawnapictureyesterday.→Apicturewasdrawnforthemyesterday.注意

give,pass,lend,show,tell等動(dòng)詞后的介詞用to。draw,buy,keep等動(dòng)詞后的介詞用for。(2)復(fù)合賓語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)若主動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子為“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”則變?yōu)椤百e語做主語,賓語補(bǔ)足語變主語補(bǔ)足語”。IaskedhimtohelpmewithmyEnglish.→HewasaskedtohelpmewithmyEnglish.注意

感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)句中其后的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to,但變被動(dòng)句時(shí)to必須還原。Thebossmadeherworkfor16hoursaday.→Shewasmadetoworkfor16hoursadaybytheboss.類似的詞有:ask,tell,invent,expect,warn,advise,make,let,hear,see,watch,feel,notice但類似seesbdoingsth的句子時(shí)則這樣變:Iheardhimreadingintheroom.→Hewasheardreadingintheroombyme.(3)短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)有些短語動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞,可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。但要注意,短語動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的詞組,在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),不可丟掉詞組末尾的介詞或副詞。Theteacherstakegoodcareofthechildren.→Thechildrenaretakengoodcareof(bytheteachers).Theyhavesentforthedoctor.→Thedoctorhasbeensentfor.(4)含有情動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Wemustplanttrees.→Treesmustbeplanted.(5)不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的七種情況①不及物動(dòng)詞及部分短語動(dòng)詞(takeplace;happen;breakout;belongto)沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Thestoryhappenedin1999.Afirebrokeoutinhishouse.Thedictionarybelongstome.ThemeetingwilltakeplacenextMonday.=ThemeetingwillbeheldnextMonday.②表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(cost;last;take;have;sell;fit;become等)不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Thepencostsfiveyuan.Coldweatherlastslong.Thiskindofdictionarysellswell.③當(dāng)賓語和謂語是一個(gè)不可分割的整體時(shí)。Wehadaswimintheriveryesterday.Theteacherwalkedintotheclassroom.④當(dāng)賓語為動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing時(shí)。Iwanttowritealetter.Shefinishedreadingthebook.⑤當(dāng)賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)。Youshouldtakecareofyourself.Theyoftenhelpeachother.⑥當(dāng)賓語起狀語作用時(shí),表示數(shù)量、長度、大小、程度、地點(diǎn)或方位等時(shí)。Thecoatcost100yuan.(表數(shù)量)Ipaidtenyuanforthedictionary.(表價(jià)格)⑦當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞做謂語時(shí)。(如:look,seem,sound,smell,taste,feel,get,turn,become,keep,is,fall等)Helooksworried.Theflowerssmellgood.【即學(xué)即用】

單句語法填空①Thefirstrailwayintheworld

(design)inthelastcentury.

②Sofar,agreatdealofmoney

(raise)forcharity.

③Theproject

(complete)nextyear.

④Theroad

(repair)now.

wasdesignedhasbeenraisedwillbecompletedisbeingrepaired隨

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習(xí)一、把下列句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.Manytouristsvisitourcountyeachyear.→Ourcounty

bymanytouristseachyear.

答案:isvisited2.Myparentsarepreparingdishesforthecomingguests.→Dishesforthecomingguests

bymyparents.

答案:arebeingprepared3.Shemadeherbrothercry.→Herbrother

.

答案:wasmadetocry4.Ihavereadmanybooksrecently.→Manybooks

recently.

答案:havebeenread5.Mysistergavemeagift.→Agift

bymysister.

答案:wasgiventome二、單句語法填空1.Toherjoy,she

(choose)fromhundredsofstudentstoattendtheopeningceremony.

答案:waschosen2.

isreportedthattheyarediscussingtheplannow.

答案:It3.Be