選必四Unit1DiscoveringusefulstructuresReviewofPassiveVoice閱讀以下短文，感知加顏色部分，并完成下面的練習(xí)①Theboyalmostcriedhisheartoutwhenlearningthathispursehadbeenlost.②Hisfathercomfortedhimthathiswalletwouldbefoundintime.Hewipedawaytearsonhisface，saying，“③Iwillbehelpedbyyouandmymother.”Sohehimselfandhisparentssearchedhisbedroomthoroughly.④Thebookshelfwasmovedandeventhebottomofthebedwasswept.Theboysaidfrustratedly，“⑤Almosteverywherehasbeensearched，⑥butmypurseisn’tfound.”

⑦Finally，whatmadetheboydelightedwasthathiswalletwashiddeninhisschoolbag.過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)Lead-in一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的概念英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示句子主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示句子主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式是“be＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”。一般來(lái)講，只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。有時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者用by短語(yǔ)表示出來(lái)。二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法1.不知道或沒必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。Themeetinghasbeenputoffforsomereason.會(huì)議已因故被推遲了。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by短語(yǔ)表示出來(lái)。Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetup

byanexpertintheschool.學(xué)校的一位專家開辦了一個(gè)幫助閱讀困難者的特色班。三、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.Theseelectricdevicesareexaminedandfixed

onamonthlybasis.這些電器每月都被檢修。2.Thesciencefictionnovelwaspublishedin2016.這部科幻小說(shuō)于2016年出版。3.Thenewtypeofrobotwillbetestedoutbysomerestaurantsnearthecompany.這種新型機(jī)器人將會(huì)被公司附近的一些餐館測(cè)試。4.Manyanimalsarebeingkilledandtheirhabitatsarebeingdamaged.許多動(dòng)物正在被殺害，而且它們的棲息地正在遭到破壞。5.WhenIarrivedatthegarage，mycarwasstillbeingrepaired.當(dāng)我到達(dá)修理廠的時(shí)候，我的汽車仍在修理中。6.ThemanagersaidTomwouldbedismissed.經(jīng)理說(shuō)湯姆會(huì)被解雇。7.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceitcameonthemarketin1973.這本書自1973年上市以來(lái)已被譯成30種語(yǔ)言。8.Thechairwomansaidshehadbeeninvitedtotheparty.女主席說(shuō)她已經(jīng)受邀參加晚會(huì)了。9.Theprojectwillhavebeenfinishedbytheendofnextmonth.到下個(gè)月末，這項(xiàng)工程將被完成。[總結(jié)]時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)be(am/is/are)done一般過(guò)去時(shí)be(was/were)done一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/willbedone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be(am/is/are)beingdone過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)be(was/were)beingdone過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)should/wouldbedone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeendone過(guò)去完成時(shí)hadbeendone將來(lái)完成時(shí)willhavebeendone四、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況1.否定詞not的位置：在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。Theboybreathedasighofreliefwhenhearingthathewouldn’tbedismissed.當(dāng)聽說(shuō)他不會(huì)被開除時(shí)，這個(gè)男孩松了口氣。2.主動(dòng)句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，變被動(dòng)句時(shí)應(yīng)將賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，而將賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留不動(dòng)(這時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))。(1)Wesawhimsittingtherewithoutdoinganything.→Hewasseensittingtherewithoutdoinganythingbyus.我們看見他坐在那兒，什么也沒做。(2)Hiswordsmademethrowup.→Iwasmadetothrowupbyhiswords.他的話令我作嘔。[名師點(diǎn)津]在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，make，hear，see等詞后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)要省略to，但轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，則不能省略to。3.帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可將表示物的(直接)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，用for或to引出表示人的(間接)賓語(yǔ)，或?qū)⒈硎救说?間接)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)。Myfatheris

tellingmeaninterestingstorynow.→Aninterestingstory

isbeingtoldtomebymyfathernow.→I’mbeingtoldaninterestingstorybymyfathernow.爸爸正在給我講一個(gè)有趣的故事。4.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)整體，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中都不可去掉后面的介詞或副詞。Kidsinthekindergartenarebeingtakengoodcareof.幼兒園的孩子們被照顧得很好。5.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(1)連系動(dòng)詞(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain，seem，appear，prove等)后接表語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Theideasoundsgreat.這個(gè)主意聽起來(lái)棒極了。Thepopcorntheymadelookedwonderfulandtasteddelicious.他們做的爆米花看起來(lái)棒極了，吃起來(lái)也很美味。(2)當(dāng)wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物動(dòng)詞后加副詞(easily，well等)時(shí)，通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thiskindofclothwasheseasilyandlastslong.這種布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。Thepenmyfathergavemeasabirthdaygiftwritessmoothly.父親給我作為生日禮物的鋼筆寫起來(lái)很流暢。(3)need，want，require，deserve等＋doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Hishairneedscutting.→Hishairneedstobecut.他的頭發(fā)需要剪了。(4)beworthdoing→beworthytobedone主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thenovelisworthreadingagain.→Thenovelisworthytobereadagain.這部小說(shuō)值得再讀一次。五、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.Iamveryhappytobethuspraised.受到如此褒獎(jiǎng)我非常高興。Themagazinesarenotallowedtobetakenoutofthelibrary.這些雜志不允許被帶出圖書館。Theroomseemstohavebeenbrokeninto.似乎有人闖進(jìn)過(guò)這個(gè)房間。IamproudtohavebeenadmittedtoPekingUniversity.我很自豪已被北京大學(xué)錄取。[總結(jié)]動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“to＋be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，要用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式。動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式只有一般式(tobedone)和完成式(tohavebeendone)。2.動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的情況情況例句sbhavesthtodo/Therebesthtodo句型中Beforetheendofthemeeting，Ihavesomethingimportanttodeclare.會(huì)議結(jié)束之前，我有很重要的事情要宣布。Thereissomuchhomeworktodoeveryday，whichalmostdrivesmemad.每天有那么多家庭作業(yè)要做，這幾乎讓我發(fā)瘋。動(dòng)詞不定式跟在性質(zhì)形容詞(difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，good等)后，與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)(構(gòu)成sb/sthbe＋adj.＋todo)Ourheadmasterlookshardtogetcloseto，butinfactheiseasytogetalongwith.我們校長(zhǎng)看起來(lái)很難接近，但實(shí)際上他很容易相處。動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問(wèn)詞連用時(shí)Withsomanybooksathand，Tomhadnoideawhichtoreadfirst.手頭有那么多的書，湯姆不知道先讀哪一本。六、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)1.意義差別Thewindowisbroken.窗子破了。Thewindowisbrokenbyhim.窗子被他打破了。[總結(jié)]被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)描寫人或事物的特征及狀態(tài)。2.用法差別Hewasveryinterestedinscience.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))他對(duì)科學(xué)非常有興趣。IwassomuchsurprisedbythescenethatIdidn’tknowwhattodo.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))我被那種場(chǎng)面搞得大吃一驚，不知所措。[總結(jié)]過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)接近形容詞的特征，可以被so，very，too等程度副詞修飾，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則不能用so，very，too修飾，而需用much，verymuch，somuch，toomuch修飾。返回Let’spractice！完成下列語(yǔ)段，盡可能多地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)The

Wandering

Earthisasciencefictionnovelwhich1._____________________(劉慈欣所寫).It2.________________(被認(rèn)為是)oneofthebestsciencefictionstories.Afterthenovel3.______________(被出版)，itdrewwideattention.Thestoryofthenovel4._________________(基于科學(xué))，imaginationandpersonalexperience.Thenovel5._______________________________________(已被翻譯成許多種語(yǔ)言).Nowit6._______________________________________(正被全世界的人們閱讀)andit7.______________________________________(將被未來(lái)的幾代人珍惜).返回iswrittenbyLiuCixinisconsideredaswaspublishedisbasedonsciencehasbeentranslatedintomanylanguagesisbeingreadbypeopleallovertheworldwillbetreasuredbyfuturegenerations1．Weplantmanytreeseveryyear.→Manytreesareplantedbyuseveryyear.2．WeplantedmanytreesinthenorthwestofChinalastyear.→ManytreeswereplantedbyusinthenorthwestofChinalastyear.3．Wewillplantmoretreestheretoimprovetheenvironment.→Moretreeswillbeplantedbyustheretoimprovetheenvironment.

4．Cellphonegamesaredamagingpeople’seyesight.→People’seyesightisbeingdamagedbycellphonegames.

將以下句子改寫成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5．YesterdaywhenIenteredmyson’sbedroom,hewasplayingacellphonegame.→YesterdaywhenIenteredmyson’sbedroom,acellphonegamewasbeingplayedbyhim.6．MrXuhadtranslatedmanypoemsintoEnglishby2000.→ManypoemshadbeentranslatedintoEnglishbyMrXuby2000.7．ManyyoungtranslatorshavetranslatedpopsongsintoEnglishinrecentyears.→PopsongshavebeentranslatedintoEnglishbymanyyoungtranslatorsinrecentyears.8．Shesaidthatshewouldfinishthetaskinadayortwo.→Shesaidthatthetaskwouldbefinishedinadayortwo.1．上周日我們學(xué)校舉行了五公里賽跑。來(lái)自各個(gè)年級(jí)的200名學(xué)生參加了這次賽跑。The5-kilometrerace

.200studentsfromallgradeswereinvolvedinthisrunningrace.2．盡管我們不知道討論了什么，但我們能感覺到話題已經(jīng)被改變了。Thoughwedon’tknowwh