2015年英語(yǔ)考研必備資料

2015年考研英語(yǔ)新題型模擬試題及答案(1)

2015年考研英語(yǔ)新題型模擬試題(1)

一、七選五或填空式閱讀

Passage1

Englishhasbecometheworld?snumberonelanguageinthe20thcentury.Inevery

countrywhereisnotthenativelanguage,especiallyintheThirdWorld,peoplemust

strivetolearnittothebestoftheirabilities,iftheywanttoparticipatefully

inthedevelopmentoftheircountries.41).

42).Nonetheless,aworldfullofdifferentlanguagewilldisappear

ifthepresenttrendinmanycountriestouseEnglishtoreplacethenationalor

officiallanguagesineducation,tradeandevenpoliticscontinues.43).

TheThirdWorldcountriesthatarenowusingEnglishasamediumofinstruction

aredepriving75percentoftheirfutureleadersofapropereducation.According

tomanystudies,onlyaround20to25percentofstudentsinthesecountriescan

managetolearnthelanguageofinstructionaswellasbasicsubjectsatthesame

time.ManyleadersoftheseThirdWorldcountriesareobsessedwithEnglishandfor

themEnglishiseverything.TheyseemtobelievethatifthestudentsspeakEnglish,

theyarealreadyknowledgeable.44).

Allthegreatestcountriesoftheworldaregreatbecausetheyconstantlyuse

theirownlanguagesinallnationaldevelopmentactivities,includingeducation.From

apsychologicalpointofview,thosewhoaretaughtintheirownlanguagefromthe

startwilldevelopbetterself-confidenceandself-reliance.Fromalinguisticpoint

ofview,thebestbrainscanonlybeproducedifstudentsareeducatedintheirown

languagefromthestart.45).

Thereisnothingwrong,however,inlearningaforeignlanguageatadvancedlevels

ofeducation.Butthebestthingtodoistohaveagoodeducationinone'snative

languagefirst,thengoabroadtohaveauniversityinaforeignlanguage.

A)Ifthissituationcontinues,thenativeorofficiallanguagesofthese

countrieswillcertainlydiewithintwoorthreegenerations.Thisphenomenonhas

beencalledlinguisticgenocide.Alanguagediesifitisnotfullyusedinmost

activities,particularlyasamediumofinstructioninschools.

B)Thosewhoaretaughtinaforeignlanguageformthestartwilltendtobe

imitatorsandlackself-confidence.Theywilltendtorelyonforeignconsultants.

C)SupposeyouworkinabigfirmandfindandfindEnglishveryimportantfor

yourjobbecauseyouoftendealwithforeignbusinessmen.Nowyouarelookingaplace

whereyoucanimproveyourEnglish,especiallyyourspokenEnglish.

D)ButmanypeopleareconcernedthatEnglish'sdominancewilldestroynative

languages.

E)TheseleadersspeakandwriteEnglishmuchbetterthantheirnationallanguages.

IftheseleadersdeliverspeechesanywhereintheworldtheyuseEnglishandthey

feelmoreathomewithitandproudoftheirabilityaswell.Thecitizensoftheir

countriesdonotunderstandtheirleader,sspeechesbecausetheyaremadeinaforeign

language.

F)HerearesomeadvertisementsaboutEnglishlanguagetrainingfromnewspapers.

Youmayfindtheinformationyouneed.

G)Acloseexaminationrevealsagreatnumberoflanguageshavefallencasualty

toEnglish.Forexample,ithaswipedoutHawaiian,Welsh,ScotchGaelic,Irish,

nativeAmericanlanguages,andmanyothers.Luckily,someoftheselanguagesarenow

beingrevived,suchasHawaiianandWelsh,andtheselanguageswillliveagain,

hopefully,ifdedicatedpeoplecontinuetheirworkofrevivingthem.

Passage2

In1959theaverageAmericanfamilypaid$989forayear'ssupplyoffood.In

1972thefamilypaid$1,311.Thatwasapriceincreaseofnearlyone-third.Every

familyhashadthissortofexperience.Everyoneagreesthatthecostoffeedinga

familyhasrisensharply.Butthereislessagreementwhenreasonsfortheriseare

beingdiscussed.Whoisreallyresponsible?

Manyblamethefarmerswhoproducethevegetables,fruit,meat,eggs,andcheese

thatstoresofferforsale.AccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,the

farmer?sshareofthe$1,311spentbythefamilyin1972was$521.Thiswas31percent

morethanthefarmerhadreceivedin1959.

Butfarmersclaimthatthisincreasewasverysmallcomparedtotheincreasein

theircostofliving.Farmerstendtoblameothersforthesharpriseinfoodprices.

第2頁(yè)共13頁(yè)

Theyparticularlyblamethosewhoprocessthefarmproductsaftertheproductsleave

thefarm.Theseincludetruckdrivers,meatpackers,manufacturersofpackagesand

otherfoodcontainers,andtheownersofstoreswherefoodissold.41).

Ofthe$1,311familyfoodbillin1972,middlementreceived$790,whichwas33

percentmorethantheyhadreceivedin1959.Itappearsthatthemiddlemen'sprofit

hasincreasedmorethanfarmer,s.ButsomeeconomistsclaimthatthemiddlemanJ

sactualprofitwasverylaw.AccordingtoeconomistsattheFirstNationalCityBank,

theprofitformeatpackersandfoodstoresamountedtolessthanonepercent.During

thesameperiodallothermanufacturersweremakingaprofitofmorethan5percent.42)

43).

Vegetablesandchickencostmorewhentheyhavebeencutintopiecesbysomeone

otherthantheonewhobuysit.Afamilyshouldexpecttopaymorewhenseveral“TV

dinners”aretakenhomefromthestore.Thesearefullycookedmeals,consisting

ofmeat,vegetables,andsometimesdesert,allarrangedonametaldish.Thedish

isputintotheoverandheatedwhilethehousewifeisdoingsomethingelse.Such

aconveniencecostsmoney.44).

Economistsremindusmanymodernhousewiveshavejobsoutsidethehome.Theyearn

moneythathelpstopaythefamilyfoodbills.Thehousewifenaturallyhaslesstime

andenergyforcookingafteraday'swork.Shewantstobuymanykindsoffoodthat

canbeputonherfamily'stableeasilyandquickly.45).

Itappearsthattheanswertothequestionforrisingpricesisnotasimpleone.

Producers,consumers,andmiddlemenallsharetheresponsibilityforthesharprise

infoodcosts.

A)Thus,aseconomistspointout:"Someofthebasicreasonsforwideningfood

pricespreadsareeasilytraceabletotheincreasinguseofconveniencefoods,which

transfermuchofthetimeandworkofmealpreparationfromthekitchentothefood

processor'splant.”

B)Theyareamongthe“middlemen”whostandbetweenthefarmerandthepeople

whobuyandeatthefood.Aremiddlementheonestoblameforrisingfoodprices?

C)“Ifthehousewifewantsallofthese.vTheeconomistssay,“thatisher

privilege,butshemustbepreparedtopayfortheservicesofthethosewhomake

herworkeasier.”

D)Whothenisactuallyresponsibleforthesizeofthebillahousewifemust

paybeforeshecarriesthefoodhomefromthestore?TheeconomistsatFirstNational

CityBankhaveananswertogivehousewives,butmanypeoplewillnotlikeit.These

economistsblamethehousewifeherselfforthejumpinfoodprices.Theysaythat

foodcostsmorenowbecausewomendon'twanttospendmuchtimeinthekitchen.Women

prefertobuyfoodwhichhasalreadybeenpreparedbeforeitreachesthemarket.

E)However,someeconomistsbelievethatcontrolscanhavenegativeeffectsover

alongperiodoftime.Incitieswithrentcontrol,thecitygovernmentsetsthe

maximumrentthatalandlordcanchargeforanapartment.

F)Economistsdonotagreeonsomeofthepredictions.Theyalsodonotagree

onthevalueofdifferentdecisions.Someeconomistssupportaparticulardecision

whileotherscriticizeit.

G)Bycomparisonwithothermembersoftheeconomicsystembothfarmersand

middlemenhaveprofitedsurprisinglylittlefromtheriseinfoodprices.

Passage3

Growingcooperationamongbranchesoftourismhasprovedvaluabletoall

concerned.Governmentbureaus,tradeandtravelassociationcarriersandproperties

areallworkingtogethertobringaboutoptimumconditionsfortravelers.

41).Theydistributematerialstoagencies,suchasjournals,

brochuresandadvertisingprojects.42).

Touristcounselorsgivevaluableseminarstoacquaintagentswithnewprograms

andtechniquesinselling.43).

Propertiesandagenciesworkcloselytogethertomakethemostsuitablecontracts,

consideringboththecomfortoftheclientsandtheirownprofitablefinancial

arrangement.44).

45).Carriersaredependentuponagenciestosupplypassengers,and

agenciesaredependentuponcarrierstopresentthemwithmarketabletours.All

servicesmustworktogetherforgreaterefficiency,fairpricingandcontented

customers.

A)Thesameconfidenceexistsbetweenagenciesandcarriersincludingcar-rental

andsight-seeingservices.

第4頁(yè)共13頁(yè)

B)Theyofferfamiliarizationandworkshoptourssothatinashorttimeagents

canobtainfirst-handknowledgeofthetours.

C)Traveloperators,specialistsinthefieldofplanning,sponsorextensive

researchprograms.Theyhaveknowledgeofallareasandallcarrierservices,and

theyareexpertsinorganizingdifferenttypesoftoursandinpreparingeffective

advertisingcampaigns.

D)Asaresultofteamwork,tourismisflouringinallcountries.

E)Agenciesrelyuponthegoodservicesofhotels,and,conversely,hotelsrely

upon

agencies,tofulfilltheircontractsandtosendthemclients.

F)Inthiswayagentslearntoexplaindestinationsandtosuggestdifferentmodes

andcombinationsoftravel-Planes,ships,trains,motorcoaches,car-rentals,and

evencarpurchases.

G)Consequently,theagenciesstartedtopaymoreattentiontothecomfortof

travel.

Passage4

FieldsacrossEuropearecontaminatedwithdangerouslevelsoftheantibiotics

giventofarmanimals.Thedrugs,whichareinmanuresprayedontofieldsas

fertilizers,couldbegettingintoourfoodandwater,helpingtocreateanew

generationofantibiotic-resistantusuperbugs”.

ThewarningcomesfromaresearcherinSwitzerlandwholookedatlevelsofthe

drugsinfarmslurry.41).

Some20,000tonsantibioticsareusedintheEuropeanUnionandtheUSeachyear.

Morethanhalfaregiventofarm-animalstopreventdiseaseandpromotegrowth.42)

Mostresearchersassumedthathumansbecomeinfectedwiththeresistantstrains

byeatingcontaminatedmeat.Butfarmoreofthedrugsendupinmanurethaninmeat

products,saysStephenMuelleroftheSwissFederalInstituteforEnvironmental

ScienceandTechnologyinDubendorf.43).

Withmillionsoftonsanimalsmanurespreadontofieldsofcopssuchaswheat

andbarleyeachyear,thispathwayseemsanequallylikelyrouteforspreading

resistance,hesaid.Thedrugscontaminatethecrops,whicharetheneaten.44)

Muellerisparticularlyconcernedaboutagroupofantibioticscalled

sulphonamides.45).Thisconcentrationishighenoughtotriggerthe

developmentofresistanceamongbacteria.Butvetsarenottreatingtheissue

seriously.

Thereisgrowingconcernattheextenttowhichdrugs,includingantibiotics,

arepollutingtheenvironment.Manydrugsgiventohumansarealsoexcretedunchanged

andbrokendownbyconventionaltreatment.

A)Theydon'teasilydegradeordissolveinwater.HisanalysisfoundthatSwiss

farmmanurecontainsahighpercentageofsulphonamides;eachhectareoffieldcould

becontaminatedwithupto1kilogramofthedrugs.

B)Andmanurecontainsespeciallyhighlevelsofbugsthatareresistantto

antibiotics,hesays.

C)Animalantibioticsisstillanareatowhichinsufficientattentionhasbeen

paid.

D)Butrecentresearchhasfoundadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseduseofthese

farmyarddrugsandtheappearanceofantibiotic-resistantbugsthatinfectpeople.

E)HisfindingsareparticularlyshockingbecauseSwitzerlandisoneofthefew

countriestohavebannedantibioticsasgrowthpromotersinanimalfeed.

F)Theycouldalsobeleachingintotapwaterpumpedfromrocksbeneathfertilized

fields.

G)Thereisnodoubtthatthefoodanddrinkisalwaysimportanttothehealth.

Passage5

ThemainproblemindiscussingAmericanpopularcultureisalsooneofitsmain

characteristics:itwon,tstayAmerican.Nomatterwhatitis,whetheritisfilms,

foodandfashion,music,casualsportsorslang,it'ssoonathomeelsewhereinthe

world.ThereareseveraltheorieswhyAmericanpopularculturehashadthisappeal.

Onetheoryisthatishasbeen“advertised”andmarketedthroughAmericanfilms,

popularmusic,andmorerecently,television.41).Theyare,afterall,

incompetitionwiththoseproducedbyothercountries.

第6頁(yè)共13頁(yè)

Anothertheory,probablyamorecommonone,isthatAmericanpopularcultureis

internationallyassociatedwithsomethingcalled“thespiritofAmerica.”

42).

Thefinaltheoryislesscomplex:Americanpopularcultureispopularbecause

alotofpeopleintheworldlikeit.

Regardlessofwhyitsspreads,Americanpopularcultureisusuallyquiterapidly

adoptedandthenadaptedinmanyothercountries.43).Blackleather

jacketswornbymanyheroesinAmericanmoviescouldbefound,agenerationlater,

onallthoseyoungmenwhowantedtomakethismanly-looktheirown.

Twoareaswherethiscontinuingprocessismostclearlyseenareclothingand

music.Somepeoplecanstillrememberatime.WhenT-shirts,joggingclothes,tennis

shoes,denimjackets,andbluejeanswerenotcommondailyweareverywhere.Only

twentyyearsago,itwaspossibletospotanAmericaninParisbyhisorherclothes.

Nolongerso:thosebrightcolors,checkeredjacketsandtrousers,hatsandsocks

whichwereoncemadefunincartoonsarebackagaininParisasthelatestfashion.

44).

ThesituationwithAmericanpopularmusicismorecomplexbecauseinthebeginning,

whenitwasstillclearlyAmerican,itwasoftenstronglyresisted.Jazzwasonce

thoughttobeagreatdangertoyouthandtheirmorals,andwasactuallyoutlawed

inseveralcountries.Today,whilestillshowingitsratherAmericanroots,ithas

becomesowellestablished.Rock"n"rollandallitsvariations,country&western

music,allhavemoreorlesssimilarhistories.Theywerefirstresisted,oftenon

Americaaswell,asbeingulow-class,“andthenas“adangertoournation,syouth.”

45),Andthenthemusicbecameacceptedandwasextendedandwasextended

anddeveloped,andexportedbacktotheU.S.

A)Asaresult,itsAmericanoriginsandrootsareoftenquicklyforgotten,“happy

birthdaytoyou,“forinstance,issuchaneverydaysongthatitssource,itsAmerican

copyright,sotospeak,isnotremembered.

B)ButthistheoryfailstoexplainwhyAmericanfilms,music,andtelevision,

programsaresopopularinthemselves.

C)Americaninorigin,informalclothinghasbecometheworld,sfirsttruly

universalstyle.

D)TheBBC,forexample,bannedrockandrolluntil1962.

E)Americanfoodhasbecomepopulararoundtheworldtoo.

F)Thisspiritisvariouslydescribedasbeingyoungandfree,optimisticand

confident,informalanddisrespectful.

G)Itishardlysurprisingthatthepublicconcerncontributesalottothespread

oftheirculture.

Passage6

AlbertEinstein,whosetheoriesonspacetimeandmatterhelpedunravelthe

secretsoftheatomandoftheuniverse,waschosenas“PersonoftheCenturyby

TimemagazineonSunday.

Amanwhoseverynameissynonymouswithscientificgenius,Einsteinhascome

torepresentmorethananyotherpersonthefloweringof20thcenturyscientific

thoughtthatsetthestagefortheageoftechnology.

“Theworldhaschangedfarmoreinthepast100yearsthaninanyothercentury

inhistory.Thereasonisnotpoliticaloreconomic,buttechnological-technologies

thatfloweddirectlyfromadvancesinbasicscience,“wrotetheoreticalphysicist

StephenHawkinginatimeessayexplainingEinstein'ssignificance.41).

Timechoseasrunner-upPresidentFranklinRoosevelttorepresentthetriumph

offreedomanddemocracyoverfascism,andMahatmaGandhiasaniconforacentury

whencivilandhumanrightsbecamecrucialfactorsinglobalpolitics.

“WhatwesawwasFranklinRooseveltembodyingthegreatthemeoffreedom'sfight

againsttotalitarianism,Gandhipersonifyingthegreatthemeofindividual

strugglingfortheirrights,andEinsteinbeingbothagreatgeniusandagreatsymbol

ofascientificrevolutionthatbroughtwithitamazingtechnologicaladvancesthat

helpedexpandthegrowthoffreedom,“saidTimeMagazineEditorWalterIsaacson.

EinsteinwasborninUlm,Germanyin1879.42).Hecouldnotstomach

organizedlearningandloathedtakingexams.

In1905,however,hewastopublishatheorywhichstandsasoneofthemost

intricateexamplesofhumanimaginationinhistory.43).Everything

else----mass,weight,space,eventimeitself----isavariable.Andheofferedthe

worldhisnow-famousequation:energyequalsmasstimesthespeedoflightsquared

---E=mc2

44).

第8頁(yè)共13頁(yè)

45)?Einsteindidnotworkontheproject.EinsteindiedinPrinceton,

NewJerseyin1955.

A)^Indirectly,relativitypavedthewayforanewrelativisminmorality,art

andpolitics,“IsaacsonwroteinanessayexplainingTime'schoices.”Therewas

lessfaithinabsolutes,notoftimeandspacebutalsooftruthandmorality.”

Einstein,sfamousequationwasalsotheseedthatledtothedevelopmentofatomic

energyandweapons.In1939,sixyearsafterhefledEuropeanfascismandsettled

atPrincetonUniversity,Einstein,anavowedpacifist,signedalettertoPresident

RoosevelturgingtheUnitedStatestodevelopanatomicbombbeforeNaziGermanydid.

B)Howhethoughtoftherelativitytheoryinfluencedthegeneralpublic'sview

aboutAlbertEinstein.

C)“Clearly,noscientistbetterrepresentsthoseadvancesthanAlbert

Einstein.”

D)Rooseveltheededtheadviceandformedthe“ManhattanProject“thatsecretly

developedthefirstatomicweapon.

E)Inhisearlyyears,Einsteindidnotshowthepromiseofwhathewastobecome.

Hewasslowtolearntolearntospeakanddidnotdowellinelementaryschool.

Applicantspreferrankings,buttheschoolforthemmostpartdonot.Europeanschools,

inparticular,arguethatrankingsaremisleadingastheymayuseanarrowrangeof

often-inappropriatemeasureswhichfailtorevealthetruecompetenceofunique

programs.Severalschoolshavecontestedandboycottedleaguetables.Nevertheless,

thenumberofbusinessschoolswhichparticipateinrankingsisactuallygrowing,

inpartbecauserankingstellpotentialcustomerswhattheyneedtoknow.Since

businessschoolsmustmarkettoapplicantsasiftheywereconsumers,mosttake

rankingsseriously.

______________________________________45_______________________________________

ArankingisjustonefactorthatunderpinsthesuccessofschoolsandMBAprograms.

Theprogramsmustnotonlyrankhighly,theymustalsobeknown.Schoolswanttheir

programs—andgraduateswanttheirdegrees—toreceiveinstantrecognitionand

respect.Untilrecently,prominencehasbeenlargelyoverlookedintheassessment

ofMBAprograms,buttheInternetnowprovidesanotherchannelofcommunicationand

reputationforschoolsandtheirmarket.

TheMBAistheprincipalproductinthemostmarket-orientedsectorofhigher

education.Giventheglobalizationofbusiness,increasedcommunication,andthe

abilitytodelivercontenttoindividualswherevertheyare,thecomplexityand

competitivenessofthispioneeringeducationalmarketplacecanonlyincrease.

Passage6

Directions：YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandaaboutU.S.firms

participatingglobalcompetition.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-F

foreachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthearenot

numbered.Therearetwoextraheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswers

onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

A)Enteringinternationalmarkets

B)Satisfyingglobalcustomers

C)Loweringpricesbymanufacturingoverseas

D)Facingthreatsofglobalmarkets

E)Recognizingtheconstraintsofglobalmarkets

F)Beingbetterthancompetition

G)Coordinatingmarketingactivities

Weliveinanincreasinglyinterdependentworld,andperhapssomedaywewilllive

inauworldwithoutborders”,toborrowfromthetitleofaprovocativebookof

1970s.Globalizationisofgreatsignificancetobothpoorandrichnations,since

competitionnowspansbeyondborders.

__________________________________41__________________________________________________

“Theworldistoomuchwithus,“saidWordsworth.Thatcouldbethemaincomplaint

ofmanyU.S.businessesthatseethemselvesthreatenedbyincreasesinimportedgoods.

Importswereonly1percentoftheU.S.grossnationalproducts(GNP)in1954;they

were6percentofGNPin1964and10percentin1984.Theinterdependencesuggested

bysuchtermsasglobalvillageandworldeconomyisbeingrecognizedbybusiness

managers.Therefore,manymoreU.S.firms,whethertheylikeitornot,willbeforced

tobecomepartofworldmarketsandglobalcompetition.Meanwhile,othernationssuch

asJapanandGermanyhavehadopeneconomiesforsometime.Theirfirmsaremore

第10頁(yè)共13頁(yè)

accustomedtosellingininternationalmarkets.Hence,U.S.firmshavesomecatching

uptodotocompeteeffectivelyandgainmarketshareinworldmarkets.

42_

Tocompeteinworldmarkets,firmsmusthaveanindepthunderstandingof

customersJneeds.Ifcustomersneedsdifferdramaticallyacrosscountriesand

regions,acompanymustconsiderhowtoadaptitsproductsandvariouselementsof

themarketingmixtocustomerneeds.Ifpricesmustbelowered,thecompanyneeds

toconsiderhowtodesignaproducttolowermanufacturingcostsanddecidewhether

tomanufacturetheproductathomeoroverseastoachievelowercost.A

well-articulateddistributionandlogisticssystemisneededtomakegoodsand

servicesavailableatthepointofsaleinsufficientquantities.Firmsalsoneed

todevelopglobalcustomerdatabaseandinformationsystemstounderstandandrespond

tocustomerneedsandpurchasing

_________________________________43_________________________________________

Firmsmustcontendwithbothdomesticandglobalcompetition.Globalcompetitors

couldincludelargemultinationalandstate-ownedenterprisesthatmightbemarket

shareorientedratherthanprofitorientedaswellassmalllocalfirmswithother

goals.Long-termsuccesscomesinpartfrommonitoring,assessingandrespondingto

actionsbyallsortsofcompetitors,especiallythroughunderstandingthecompetitive

andcomparativeadvantagesenjoyedbycompetit