EnvironmentalBiotechnology智慧樹知到期末考試答案+章節(jié)答案2024年哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)

答案:對(duì)Denitrificationrequiressufficientcarbonsources,andwhenthereisinsufficientcarbonsourceinthewastewater,externalcarbonsourceisneeded.

(

)

答案:對(duì)Biologicalnitrogenandphosphorusremovalmustincludebothfacultative/anaerobicandaerobicprocesses.

(

)

答案:對(duì)Fornormalbiofilmprocessoperation,theoperatingfluxliesinthehigh-loadregion.(

)

答案:對(duì)Nitrifiesareobligateaerobes,andtheyuseO2

forrespirationandasadirectreactantfortheinitialmonooxygenationofNH4+

toNH2OH(hypdroxylamine).

(

)

答案:對(duì)AlteringtheSRTcanleadtochangesinsludgesettlingcharacteristics.ThedecreaseinSRTalways

leadstopoorersuspended-solidscapture.（

）

答案:錯(cuò)Threedistinctcausesofsludgebulking:lowdissolvedoxygen,shortSRT,andinputreducedsulfur.（

）

答案:錯(cuò)AllmicrobialreactionsareassumedtooccurinthebiofilmandsuspendedflocswhenwewanttoapplythesteadystatebiofilmmodelinInthecompletelymixedbiofilmreactor(CMBR).(

)

答案:錯(cuò)Denitrificationcanonlybecarriedoutinanaerobiccondition.(

)

答案:錯(cuò)Theworkablefluxforbiofilmprocessiscontrolledbysubstrateconcentration.(

)

答案:錯(cuò)Theorganicacidconcentrationisakeyindicatorofanaerobicsystemperformance.(

)

答案:對(duì)TheremovalofBODL

orwastestabilizationtotallydependsonmethaneformation.(

)

答案:對(duì)Biomassitselfcanbeusedaselectrondonorindenitrification.

(

)

答案:對(duì)Whataretheadvantagesofanaerobicammoniumoxidation(ANAMMOX)comparedtotraditionalnitrogenremovalprocess（

）.

答案:Highernitrogenremovalrate;Significantsavingsinaerationenergy;Lowersludgeproduction;NoneedfororganiccarbonThetricklingfiltershavethefollowingcharacteristicscurrently,including(

).

答案:effluentisneededtoberecycled;settlerisneeded;three-phaseconditionUnderanaerobicconditions,whichofthefollowingcanactaselectronacceptor(

).

答案:carbondioxide;nitrate;sulfateWhenusingthepseudo-analyticalprocedureforasteady-statebiofilm,fcanbecomputedtodetermineifthebiofilmisdeeporshallow.Whichofthefollowingstatementiscorrect(

).

答案:thebiofilmisdeepwhenf=

1.0.;thebiofilmisdeepwhenfapproaches1.0.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaboutthecharacteristicsoftwo-stageanaerobictreatment:(

).

答案:Theliquidretentiontimeofthesecondreactornormallyis8to10d.;Theoverallvolumeofthetwo-phasesystemislessthanforaconventionalone-reactorCSTR.;ThesludgeorothercomplexorganicsubstrateisfirsttreatedinaCSTRthathasashortdetentiontime,1to2d.Thefollowingequationisanoverall,balancedreactionforthecompleteoxidationofNH4+

toNO3--Nbynitrifieshavingθx=15dandfs=0.067,NH4+

+1.815O2

+0.1304CO2

=0.0261C5H7O2N+0.973NO3-

+0.921H2O+1.973H+.Itrepresentsatypicalsituationforbothnitrifiestypestogether.Thisstoichiometricequationillustrateswhichofthefeaturesofnitrification（

）.

答案:Nitrificationcreatesamajoroxygendemand;Thelownetsynthesisofnitrifiesbiomass;Nitrificationproducesalmosttwostrong-acidequivalentspermoleofNH4+

removedWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutnitrificationistrue?（

）

答案:Thesludgeageofnitrificationmustbegreaterthanitsminimumgenerationperiod;NitrificationconsumesalkalinityandlowersthepHofthesystem

答案:Thehalf-saturationcoefficientKfordissolvedoxygenisgenerallylessthan1mg/L,therefore,dissolvedoxygenshouldbekeptatlesswhatvaluetokeepoxygennon-limiting?(

)

答案:2mg/LWhichofthefollowingsshowsthegrowth-basednormalizationofthereaction?(

)

答案:1/YCODsubstrateà

(1-Y)/YCODproduct+1CODbiomassWhichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?(

)

答案:Theinertbiomassisincludedinthevolatilesuspendedsolidsconcentration.Whichofthefollowingorganismsownsthehighesttrueyieldintheirtypicaloperatingconditions?(

)

答案:AerobicheterotrophsWhichofthefollowingparametersisthemosteconomicimportanceintricklingfiltersandbiologicaltowerdesign(

).

答案:volumetricloadingWhichofthefollowingistheuniqueoperatingparameterinrotatingbiologicalcontactors(RBC)?(

)

答案:thepercentsubmergenceWhichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutthecharacteristicsoftheidealizedbiofilm:(

).

答案:remainsabovezeroatallpointsinthedeepbiofilm.Therateatwhichactivebiomassisconvertedtoinertbiomassisthedifferencebetweentheoveralldecayrateandthetruerespirationdecayrate.(

)

答案:對(duì)Itisionizedammoniumion,nottheammonia,moreoftencausesinhibition.(

)

答案:錯(cuò)Theclarifierusedinhigh-ratesystem(tricklingfiltersandbiologicaltower)istorecyclethebiomass.(

)

答案:錯(cuò)Theclosejuxtapositionofcellsinabiofimisimportantfortheexchange.(

)

答案:對(duì)Nitrogengas

andCO2

arenotincludedintheASM1.(

)

答案:對(duì)Inthecompletelymixedbiofilmreactor(CMBR)，activebiomassinthereactorandtheeffluentisatconcentrationXa

andcomessolelyfromdetachmentfromthebiofilm.(

)

答案:對(duì)Safetyfactorstypicallyrangefromaroundfivetohundredsinpractice.(

)

答案:對(duì)Whetherthebiofilmcarriersareused,thetotalmassofactivebacteriawasnotincreasedowingtothesamesubstratebeingtreated.(

)

答案:錯(cuò)Kineticsdefinehowfastthereactionsoccur.(

)

答案:對(duì)AlargeS*min

indicatesthatbiofilmaccumulationstronglylimitssubstrateutilization.(

)

答案:對(duì)VeryhighconcentrationsoftheelectrondonorortoolowconcentrationsofDOconcentrationcanleadtoaccumulationofthedenitrificationintermediates:NO,NO2,andN2O.

(

)

答案:錯(cuò)Thegrowthofnewbiomassperunitareaperhour(YJT)isjustbalancedbythelossesperunitarea

b’XfLf.(

).

答案:錯(cuò)Abalancedreactionmusthavethesameamountofmassinmole.(

)

答案:錯(cuò)Aspecialcaseofshallowiscalledfullypenetratedwhenthesubstrateconcentrationhasnegligiblegradient.(

)

答案:對(duì)Thefunctionoftheselectoristochangeorselecttheecologyoftheactivatedsludgesystemtowardsorganismswithgoodsettlingcharacteristics.（

）

答案:對(duì)Hydrogengas(H2)isanexcellentelectrondonorforautotrophicdenitrification.Itsadvantagesinclude(

).

答案:Lowercostperelectronequivalentcomparedtoorganiccompounds;Absolutelynoreducednitrogenadded;LessbiomassproductionthanwithheterotrophsNitrifiesaresensitivetoinhibitionfromarangeoforganicandinorganiccompounds,including(

).

答案:Anionicsurfactantsandheavymetals;Chlorinatedorganicchemicals;UnionizedNH3

(athigherpH);UndissipatedHNO2(usuallyatlowpH)Theperformanceofananaerobicsludgedigestercan

measuredby:(

).

答案:Thenetsludgeproduction.;Biodegradablesolidsdestruction.Adigestermustaccomplishtwogoals:(

).

答案:ThestabilizationoftheBODL

tomethane.;Thebiodegradablevolatilesuspendedsolidsmustbehydrolyzed.Thewayofdigestermixing:(

).

答案:Thedigestergasiscompressedandinjectedintotheliquidthroughlancesordiffusers.;Acombinationofabovethreeways.;Mechanicalmixers,usuallyslowspeedturbines,createliquidmotioninsidethedigester.;Theliquidcontentsarerecirculatedbypumpingthemfromonelocationtoanother.Whatarethetwomainstagesinbiologicalphosphorusremoval?(

)

答案:Anaerobicphosphorusrelease;AerobicphosphorusuptakeWhich

canbeexploitedtoremovephosphorusaspartofamicrobiologicaltreatmentprocess?（

）

答案:Precipitationbymetal-saltsadditiontoamicrobiologicalprocess;Normalphosphorusuptakeintobiomass;EnhancedbiologicalphosphorusuptakeintobiomassWhichofthefollowingcanbeusedasindicatorstoindicatethesystemhasalongSRT.(

)

答案:Rotifers;othermulticellularforms;nematodesThechangeinrateofchemicalreactionwithtemperatureisgenerallyexpressedas:(

).

答案:Themainendproductsafteranaerobictreatmentare(

).

答案:Carbondioxideandmethane.;Biomassandwater.Whichofthefollowingmeasurescouldpreventmassivedetachmentofbiofilm(

).

答案:decreasethehydraulicloading;decreasetheairventilation;aproperspeedofrotarydistributionarmsTheacid/basenatureofthehydroxycomplexesmeansthattheironoraluminumspeciationispHdependent.AtlowerpH,thedominantspeciesare（

）.

答案:Al(OH)3;Fe(OH)2+;Fe(OH)3Thevolatilesuspendedsolidsconcentrationfollowsthetrendof(

).

答案:activebiomassIfthefixedparametersare:Df=2cm2/d,Xf=40mg/cm3,qmax=10mg/mgd,K=0.001mg/cm3,Ss=0.01mg/cm3,pleasecomputethevaluesofJ.

(

)

答案:Jdeep

=3.5mg/cm2dThefundamental“l(fā)aw”ofthesteady-statebiofilmhavingthefollowingpropertiesexcept.(

)

答案:Which

ofthefollowinghasarelativelyshortdetentiontime(

).

答案:ContactStabilizationAssumingthatallreactantsandproductsareunitactivity,exceptpH=7.Whichofthefollowingelectrondonorsandelectronacceptorspairsdonotrepresenttheenergyreactionsforbacterialgrowth.(

)

答案:Electrondonor:aceticacid,

Electronacceptor:H+(reducedtoH2)Whichofthefollowingisnotthereasonwhyresearcherswouldliketouseamodel?(

)

答案:ToreplaceexperimentsWhichofthefollowingsisconsideredinASM1?(

)

答案:NitrateWhichofthefollowingstatementsisincorrect?(

)

答案:NitriteisconsideredinASM1.OverallReactionsR=(

).

答案:fe

Ra+fs

Rc–RdWhenphosphorusisremovedaspartofbiologicaltreatment,metalsaltscanbeaddedtotheinfluentwastewater,directlytotheaerationbasin,ortothemixedliquorbeforeitgoestothesettler.()

答案:對(duì)OnepossibledrawbackoftheUCTprocessisthatthesludgerecyclereturnsNO3-totheanaerobictank.()

答案:錯(cuò)TheoverallreactionfromNO3-toN2reducetheNby5electronequivalentsperN.()

答案:對(duì)Almostallbio-filmsystemworkwellforde-nitrification,aslongasoxygentransfercanbekepttoaminimumandpluggingdoesnotoccur.()

答案:對(duì)Keepingtheorganicloadingbelow2to6kgBODL/(1,000m2d)makesitpossibletomaintainasufficientbulk-liquidDO.()

答案:對(duì)About15to20percentoftheorganicmatterisconvertedintobiologicalsolidsinanaerobictreatment.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Theprocessofanaerobictreatmentcanbebrokenintowhichofthefollowingsteps:().

答案:Theconversionoftheorganicacidsandhydrogenintomethane.;Hydrolysisandfermentationofcomplexorganicmatterintosimpleorganicacidandhydrogen.AnabsoluteminimumvalueofθxtoallowstablemethanogenesisforaCSTRis:().

答案:10day.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutthecharacteristicsofbaffledreactor:().

答案:Designloadingtypicallyisintherangeof4to15kgCOD/m3-d.Thesuccessfulstart-upandoperationofananaerobicsystemrequires:().

答案:Beginwithasmuchgoodanaerobicseedaspossible.;Fillthedigesterwithseedandwater.;AddbufferingmaterialintheformofchemicaltoprotectagainstpHdrop.;Bringthesystemtotemperature.TheprimarydesigncriterionofCSTRcontains:().

答案:Detentiontime.;Thevolatile-solidsloadingrate.Thecontentsofthedigestercanbeheatedthrough:().

答案:Heatexchangerslocatedinsidethedigester.;Pumpingbackwarmedsludgethroughexternalheatexchangers;Injectedsteamthroughlancesordiffusers.Possiblemethodstocontroltoxicityinanaerobictreatments:().

答案:Thetoxicityoflong-chainfattyacidscanbereducedbycalcium.;Thetoxicityofsulfidecanbereducedbygasstrippingfromthereactor.;Thetoxicityofsomeheavymetalscanberemovedbyadditionofsulfide.;MaintainingalowerpHcanreduceammoniatoxicity.Estimatingthemethaneproductionofanaerobictreatmentprocessforwastewatercontaining1.0Mglucose:().

答案:2.4mol.Theroutinemeasurementofvolatileacidconcentrationisofgreat-importanceintheoperationandcontrolofanaerobicsystem.（）

答案:對(duì)Advantagesofanaerobictreatmentinclude().

答案:Lowproductionofwastebiologicalsolids.;Highorganicloadingispossible.;Produceusefulendproducts.Whatisthepurposeoftheeffluentrecyclelineintwo-phasesystemoffluidized-bed?()

答案:supportoxygenbyoxygenatorsystem;controltheupwardflowvelocityThemicrobialpopulationinbiofilmandactivatedsludgearedifferentinspeciesowingtothedifferencesinthemicroorganismaccumulatedformation,althoughtherearesameelectrondonorsandacceptors.()

答案:對(duì)Themediumwillnotmoveextensivelywhenitisuniforminfluidized-bedreactor.()

答案:錯(cuò)Thechangingofinfluent(Q)isusuallycontrolledtochangthesurfaceloadingoftricklingfiltersandbiologicaltower.()

答案:錯(cuò)Inbiologicalcontactors(RBC),thepercentsubmergenceistoohighandmightleadto().

答案:odor;oxygendeficit;highersuspendsludgeForaconventionaldesignfortheactivatedsludgetreatmentofdomesticsewage,theF/Mratiosuggestedis0.25to0.5kgBOD5perdayperkgMLSS.（）

答案:對(duì)Inmostsituations,theelectrondonor,ortheBOD,isratelimitingformicroorganismreproductionandgrowth.（）

答案:對(duì)Whichoneofthefollowingisthemostpopularreactorconfigurationsbeingusedinwastewatertreatmentthesedays().

答案:CompletelymixedTheconventionalactivatedsludgesystemcouldremoveBOD5andsuspendedsolids(SS)by()percentormoreformunicipalsewagetreatment.

答案:85Secondaryconsumersintheactivatedsludgesysteminclude:().

答案:predators;prokaryotes;chemolithotrophicbacteriaNitriteisincludedinASM1.()

答案:錯(cuò)Whichofthefollowingshouldbebalancedinamodel?()

答案:COD;charges;elementsHydrolysisisusuallysimulatedviafirstorderkinetic.()

答案:對(duì)Anabolismisrelatedtotherateofsubstrateuptakebyayield.()

答案:對(duì)BothanoxicandaerobicgrowthofheterotrophsareconsideredinASM1.()

答案:對(duì)K*comparesexternalmasstransporttothemaximumutilizationrate.K*lessthan1meansthatthesubstrateutilizationiscontrolledbyexternalmasstransport.()

答案:對(duì)Theidealizedbiofilmhavingthefollowingpropertiesexcept().

答案:Mass-transportresistanceisnotimportanttothebiofilm.S*min

represents

thegrowthpotentialinthesteady-state-biofilmmodel,andS*min

muchlessthan1.0indicatesthenetpositivegrowthismuchgreaterthantheloss.(

)

答案:對(duì)Theresultofmass-transportresistanceisthatthesubstrateconcentrationsatanypositioninthebiofilmusuallyarelowerthaninthebulkliquid.()

答案:對(duì)Thefollowingdescriptionofthefundamental“l(fā)aw”ofthesteady-statebiofilmiscorrect.()

答案:Thegrowthofnewbiomassperunitarea(YJ

)isjustbalancedbythelossesperunitarea

b’XfLf.Themodelofasteady-statebiofilmrequiressimultaneoussolutionof().

答案:mass-balanceforactivebiomassinthebiofilm;mass-balanceforsubstratetransporttothebiofilm.;mass-balanceforsubstrateinthebiofilm.;boundaryandcontinuityconditions.Thefundamentalunderstandingofasteady-statebiofilmisthatthebiomassperunitsurfacearea(XfLf)isconstantintime,andthebiomassatanyonelocationisatsteadystate.

答案:錯(cuò)

答案:ForSlargeenough,J(andXfLf)increasesforlargerS,becausethesubstrateconcentrationsinsidethebiofilmriseinresponsetoa