［模擬］考研英語閱讀模擬249

多項(xiàng)選擇

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirected

byabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcog

inthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilated

factoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”

experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecome

powerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkand

thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-andthewhite-collarworkers

havebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachines

andbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymight

findthemselvesoutofajob；theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunable

toacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddie

withouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhuman

existenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductive

humanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Their

livesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareeven

moreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.

Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmore

amatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyare

testedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissive-

nessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainand

again-bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andby

theirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytoget

along,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetter

thanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,the

verycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmode

ofproductionortonineteenthcenturyafreeenterprisecapitalism?

Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhich

onehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfrom

abureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionan

consumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhich

manandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofloveandof

reason-aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionand

consumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbeprevented

fromrulingman.

i

第1題：

By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorenderthe

ideathatmanis

A.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofsociety,though

functioningsmoothly.

B.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual，sfunction

isnegligible.

C.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly.

D.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

[A]well-oiled指“加了油的,潤滑的"，cog指齒輪上的一個(gè)齒，可見它在整

個(gè)機(jī)器中作用并非很重要，比喻人雖然能正常發(fā)揮功能，但與整個(gè)社會(huì)相比，已

經(jīng)變得微不足道了。第一段提到thatmanhasbecomepowerless和theblue-and

white-collarworkers...bureaucraticmanagement進(jìn)一步說明了這一觀點(diǎn)。

第2題：

Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat

A.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence.

B.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence.

C.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife.

D.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

[B]第三段提至whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob...mixtureofsubmissive

andindependence說明雇員們要向上爬，就得參加競(jìng)爭，要迎合別的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，順

從和獨(dú)立性要表現(xiàn)得恰如其分，即放棄個(gè)性與獨(dú)立性。又提到競(jìng)爭造成焦慮和壓

力。因此雇員們焦慮的真正原因是失去了個(gè)性與獨(dú)立性。

第3題：

Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose

A.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus.

B.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors.

C.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld.

D.whoareatthebottomofthesociety.

參考答案：C

答案解析：

2

［C］第三段最后一句：Thisconstantneedtoprove...theverycausesOf

unhappinessandillness說明這種需要不斷證明自己與競(jìng)爭對(duì)手同樣優(yōu)秀或超

過對(duì)手從而不斷地造成焦慮和壓力，這正是不幸與疾病的起因。因此擺脫了競(jìng)爭

所造成的焦慮和壓力就可以享受到生命的真正快樂。

第4題：

Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould

A.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted.

B.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities.

C.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees.

D.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

［B］倒數(shù)第二句提到“我建議把我們的社會(huì)制度從一個(gè)官僚機(jī)構(gòu)管理的，以最大

限度的生產(chǎn)和最大限度的消費(fèi)為目的的產(chǎn)業(yè)主義社會(huì)改造成一個(gè)以個(gè)人為中心

的產(chǎn)業(yè)主義社會(huì)，其中人及其潛力一一愛的潛力和理智的潛力的充分發(fā)揮一一是

所有社會(huì)安排的目的?！?/p>

第5題：

Theauthor，sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedas

oneof

A.tolerance.

B.suspicion.

C.approval.

D.dissatisfaction.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

［D］作者最后主張改造社會(huì)以解決當(dāng)前的問題，說明作者對(duì)目前的產(chǎn)業(yè)主義是不

滿意的。這與dissatisfaction意思吻合，故選［D］。

InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhad

strongreligiousassociation.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldvery

fouryearsinhonorofZeus,kingoftheOlympianGods,eventuallylost

itslocalcharacter,becamefirstanationaleventandthen,afterthe

rulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolished,inter-national.No

oneknowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgo,butsomeofficial

recordsdatefrom776B.C.

ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.

ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreece,butno

marriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaves,womenand

dishonoredpersonswerenotallowedtocompete.Theexactsequenceof

eventsisuncertain,buteventsincludedboy'sgymnastics,boxing

3

wrestling,horseracingandfieldevents,thoughtherewerefewersports

involvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.

OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthewinnerswerehonoredby

havingaringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.Sogreatwas

thehonorthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametotheyearof

hisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoney,theywere,

infact,richlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresults

comparedwithmodernstandards,weunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.

Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1,200years,theGames

weresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.Theycontinuedforsuchalong

timebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehindtheOlympics:the

ideathatahealthybodyproducedahealthymind,andthatthespiritof

competitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthat

causedwars.Itwasover1,500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternational

athleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1886.

Nowadays,theGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.

Thehostcountryprovidesvastfacilities,includingastadium,swimming

poolsandlivingaccommodation,butcompetingcountriespaytheirown

athletes'expenses.

TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorch,

lightedonMountOlympusbythesun'sstadium.Thetorchsymbolizedthe

continuationofthestadium.Thetorchsymbolizedthecontinuationofthe

ancientGreekathleticideals,anditburnsthroughouttheGamesuntil

theclosingceremony.Thewe11knownOlympicflag,however,isamodern

conception:thefiveinterlockingringssymbolizetheunitingofallfive

continentsparticipatingintheGames.

a

第6題:

InancientGreece,theOlympicGames

A.wereinthenatureofanationaleventwithastrongreligiouscolor.

B.hadruleswhichputforeignparticipantsinadisadvantageous

position.

C.weremerelynationalathleticfestivals.

D.wereprimarilynationaleventswithfewforeignparticipants.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

[A]文章第一段第一、二句說，“在古希臘，體育盛會(huì)是非常重要的，并與宗教

聯(lián)系密切奧林匹克體育盛會(huì)是為紀(jì)念?yuàn)W林匹亞神王Zeus每四年舉辦一次運(yùn)動(dòng)

會(huì)。最后失去地方特點(diǎn)而首先成為全國運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，在廢除了敵視外國運(yùn)動(dòng)員的規(guī)定

后成了國際運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)?！边@段奧運(yùn)會(huì)的簡單歷史表明，在古希臘奧運(yùn)會(huì)原是國內(nèi)帶

4

有強(qiáng)烈宗教色彩的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。

第7題：

IntheearlydaysofancientOlympicGames

A.allmaleGreekswerequalifiedtocompeteintheGames.

B.onlymaleGreekathleteswereallowedtoparticipateintheGames.

C.allGreeks,withtheexceptionofwomen,wereallowedtocompete

intheGames.

D.allGreeks,irrespectiveofsex,religionorsocialstatus,were

allowedtotakepart.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

[B]本文第二段第二、三句提到“來自希臘各地的數(shù)以千記的觀眾參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，

但婦女不讓參加。奴隸、婦女和名譽(yù)不佳的人都不許參加競(jìng)賽”。

第8題：

TheorderofathleticeventsattheancientOlympics

A.wasconsideredunimportant.

B.hasnotdefinitelybeenestablished.

C.variedaccordingtothenumberofforeigncompetitors.

D.wasdecidedbyZeus,inwhosehonortheGameswereheld.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

[B]第二段最后一句提到"Theexactsequenceofeventsisuncertain"，故

選⑻。

第9題：

Modernathletes'resultscannotbecomparedwiththoseofancientrunners

because

A.detailssuchasthetimewerenotrecordedinthepast.

B.theGreekshadnomeansofrecordingtheresults.

C.theyaremuchbetter.

D.theyaremuchworse.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

[A]第三段最后一句提到“如何將他們的比賽結(jié)果與現(xiàn)代標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比較，非常不幸，

我們還沒法說?！币馑际乾F(xiàn)代標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（包括時(shí)間、長度、重量等）與古代不同，這

一很可能是古今無法比較的原因。

第10題：

Nowadays,theathletes，expensesarepaidfor

5

A.bycontributions.

B.bytheathletesthemselves.

C.outoftheprizemoneyofthewinners.

D.outofthefundsraisedbythecompetingnations.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

[D]第五段第二句話提到“東道國提供各種設(shè)施，參賽國負(fù)擔(dān)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的花費(fèi)?！?/p>

Idon'tknowifthere，ssomethinginthewater,butmytownhasexploded

withtonsofsinglepeople!Justlastyear,practicallytheonlyeligibles

IknewweremydivorcedfriendPatti,mybudFulgencio,hubbyRick'sbarfly

palCraig,andJimmythepizzadeliveryguy.Butnow,Ifindoutthatmy

cousinMichelleisleavinghersecondhusband,andarecentchit-chatwith

mybuilding，smanagerSandyrevealedthatshehasn，thadaserious

relationshipinalmostfiveyears!Besidesthat,atleastfivesuspected

singletonshavemovedintomybuildingsinceJune.Five!

Foranincurableromanticlikeme,thisisheartbreaking.People

aremeanttohavesweeties!Ifeelsosorryforsinglepeople.Howcan

theybeargoingthroughlifealone?Iknowalotofthemputupthat

uindependent,,front,orusethat'Tmjustwaitingfortherightperson”

defense,butthey'rekiddingthemselves.Whywouldanyoneturnuphernose

attheprospectofabeautifulwedding,agorgeousbridalgown,anda

stunningrockonherfinger?Shewouldn，t.Whywouldanyoneshakeastick

atawarmdinnereverynight,acomfortablehome,andabeautifulbride?

Itjustisn，trational.AndIdon，tliketobeharsh,butfrankly,it's

depressingtoseesinglesoutinpublic.WhenIseeagirlshoppingfor

groceriesbyherself,orasolitaryguyreadingwhilehewaitsforabus,

Ican，thelpbutsensethehollownessthatsinglepersonfeelsinside,

rmpartiallypsychic,soI'mawareofotherpeople,sinnerfeelings.

Well,thisValentine，sDay,I'mnotgoingtobeselfish.People

likeme,peopleinsuccessful,lastingrelationships,areduty-boundto

sharetheirromanticwisdomwiththelessfortunate.Granted,it'sbeen

awhilesinceI'vebeenonthedatingscene,somychopsareabitrusty.

Infact,hubbyRickisjustabouttheonlyguyI'veeverdated!(Unless

youcountmypickfortheSadieHawkinsdanceinseventhgrade,JordyDeVoe,

whoditchedmeafterabout15minutes.OrthisOrientalkidnamedThant

whowrappedlovenotesaroundlunchroomcookiesandslippedthemintomy

lockerinninthgrade.)ButRickandIhavebeenmarriednearly20years,

soImustbedoingsomethingright.Drythosetears,Singletons!Pull

yourselvestogetherandlistentoWifeyJean.Ifyoufollowmyadvice,

r11betyoudollarstodonutsthatyou，11findyourPrinceCharming,or

PrincessEnchanting,innotime!

6

［聽力原文］

我不知道是不是有人在水里下了什么藥，我們小鎮(zhèn)里到處都是單身！就在去年，

我認(rèn)識(shí)的僅有的單身就是我離婚的朋友Patti,我的好友Fulgencio,我丈夫

Rick的死黨Craig和送比薩餅的Jimmy□但是現(xiàn)在，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的表妹Michelle

正在和第二任丈夫鬧分手，而且最近和我們樓里的管理員聊天時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)她五年內(nèi)都

沒有過認(rèn)真的戀愛關(guān)系了。除此之外，就連從六月份以來新搬來的5個(gè)鄰居好像

也是單身。五個(gè)人！

對(duì)我這樣一個(gè)浪漫得不可救藥的人來講，這是令人心碎的事。每個(gè)人都應(yīng)

該有自己的“另一半兒”，我為那些單身的人感到難過。他們?cè)趺茨軌蛉淌苄螁?/p>

影只的生活？我知道他們很多人都打著“獨(dú)立”的旗號(hào)，或者用“我在等待最合

適的人”作為擋箭牌，但是他們是在騙自己。有誰會(huì)面對(duì)漂亮的婚禮、美麗的婚

紗和手上閃亮的鉆戒嗤之以鼻？絕對(duì)不會(huì)。怎么會(huì)有人對(duì)每天熱乎的晚餐、舒服

的家和漂亮的新娘橫加指責(zé)呢？這樣做絕對(duì)是失去理智了。我不想說難聽的，但

是說實(shí)話，在外頭看到單身的人就會(huì)讓我傷心。當(dāng)我看到年輕女子自己購買日常

用品，或是孤獨(dú)的男子邊等車邊看書，我就不禁體會(huì)到他們內(nèi)在的空虛。

我有些“通靈”，所以我知道別人內(nèi)心的感受。

所以，在這個(gè)情人節(jié)之際，我不可以自私。像我這樣的有成功持久的感情

的人，都有義務(wù)和不那么幸運(yùn)的人分享一下“浪漫智慧”。不過我的約會(huì)可是很

久以前的事了，可能我的點(diǎn)子有些過時(shí)了。實(shí)際上，我丈夫Rick是我惟一約會(huì)

過的人(除非你把我在7年級(jí)選擇和SadieHawkins跳舞、十五分鐘就把我甩了

的JordyDeVoe,或是在九年級(jí)時(shí)一個(gè)叫Thant的，把求愛信裹在午餐曲奇里然

后悄悄放到我的衣柜里的東方男孩也算在內(nèi)的話)，但是畢竟我和Rick已經(jīng)結(jié)

婚20年了，所以我所做的事肯定是有些道理的。單身們，振作起來，聽我說。

按我的建議做，我打賭你們肯定會(huì)很快找到白馬王子或白雪公主的！

第11題：

Whatdoestheauthormeanby"Idon'tknowifthereissomethinginthe

water”(line1,paragraph1)?

A.Sheisnotsurewhetherherwateristoodirtytodrink.

B.Sheisnotsurewhethersomethingiswronginthewatersystem.

C.Sheisnotsurewhybeingsingleissopervasiveinhertown.

D.Sheisnotsurewhysinglepeoplemovetohertown.

參考答案：C

答案解析：

選C。第一段說明她所居住的小城里到處都是單身的人，而且是以前少，現(xiàn)在多。

她因此懷疑是不是水里面有什么藥，使單身傳染得那么快。所以選C,她不確定

為什么單身在城里那么流行。

第12題:

7

TheexamplesofhercousinMichelleandthebuilding'smanagerareused

toshow

A.manypeoplechoosedivorcetosolvetheiremotionalproblems.

B.womenarenotsatisfiedwiththeirmarriage.

C.manypeoplearenotconfidentinseriousrelationships.

D.morepeoplearebecominglovelesssingles.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

選Do第一段前半部分說以前作者認(rèn)識(shí)的單身很少，用“But”這個(gè)強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折，正

是要說明現(xiàn)在越來越多了，舉例都要為證明這個(gè)現(xiàn)象服務(wù)。

第13題：

Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthosesinglepeople?

A.Theyareusingexcusestocheatthemselves.

B.Theyshouldbesorryforbeingsingle.

C.Theydon，tlikeweddings,becausetheyareexpensive.

D.Theyrejectstayinginacomfortablehomewithabeautifulbride.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

選A。第二段第五句說明作者知道很多單身貴族都裝出很獨(dú)立的樣子，或者用自

己還在等待意中人作為借口搪塞，這樣做其實(shí)都是在自欺欺人。

第14題：

Whydoestheauthorwanttoshareher“romanticwisdom“withthe

singletons?

A.ShewantstogiveittothesingletonsasaValentineGift.

B.Shethinksitisherresponsibilitytohelpthem.

C.Shefeelsthatshehasbeenveryselfishbefore.

D.Shewantstoreviveherfeelingsofdatingalongtimeago.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

選B。第三段首句？??？

第15題:

Fromthetextwecantellthattheauthorisaveryperson.

A.hospitableandkind

B.cleverandfaithful

C.sensitiveandcaring

D.unselfishandtactful

參考答案：C

8

答案解析：

選C。文章第二段結(jié)尾提到作者能體察到別人的感覺，因此很敏感；第三段提到

她認(rèn)為幫助別人找到幸福是自己的義務(wù)，證明她關(guān)心他人。而A選項(xiàng)中的

hospitable（好客）、B選項(xiàng)中的clever（聰明）和D選項(xiàng)中的tactful（有策

略）都不能在原文中找到證據(jù)。

Noblueprintexistsfortransforminganeconomyfromonewithagreat

dealofgovernmentcontroltoonebasedalmostsolelyonfreemarket

principles.YettheexperienceoftheUnitedKingdomsince1979clearly

showsoneapproachthatworks:privatization,inwhichunder-performing

state-ownedaresoldtoprivatecompanies.

By1979,thetotalamountofdebt,liabilities,andlossesfor

state-controlledenterprisesintheUKtopped￡3billionannually.By

sellingoffmanyofthesecompanies,particularlythoseinthedepressed

industrialsector,thegovernmentdecreaseditsdebtburdenandceased

pumpingpublicfundsintomoneylosingenterprises.Accordingto

governmentspokespersonAlistairMcBride,“Farfrompastpracticeof

throwinggoodmoneyafterbad,theQueen*sgovernmentthisyearexpects

totakein￡34billionfromtheproceedsofthesale."That,saysome

analysts,mayonlybethebeginning.Privatizationhasnotonlybeen

creditedwithrescuingwholeindustriesbutthenation，seconomytoboot.

Duetoincreasedtaxrevenuesfromthenewlyprivatized

companiesalongwithareboundintheoveralleconomy,economic

forecasterspredictthatBritainwillbeabletorepaynearly12.5%of

thenetnationaldebtwithintwoyears.Thatisgoodnewsindeedforthe

economyasawholeatatimewhenmanysectorsaredesperateforanyray

ofsunshine.BritishAirwaysthisweekannounceda20%jumpinoverall

ticketsalesandprofitsoverthisquarterayearago.BritishGas

announceditsfirstprofitablequarterinnineyears.AtAssociated

BritishPorts,anewlaborcontractwasfinalized,thefirstunion

contractsignedattheportwithoutaworkstoppageintwelveyears.Closer

tohomeformostBritons,thenation'sphoneservice,BritishTelecom,

nolongerputsnewsubscribersonawaitinglist.Priortoprivatization,

newcustomerswouldsometimeshavetowaitmonthsbeforephoneservice

couldbeinstalledintheirhome.Now,accordingtoacompanypressrelease,

BritishTelecomispromising24-hourturnaroundforallnewcustomers.

Partofthisimprovedproductivityhastodowithnewefforts

toallowemployeestoholdastakeinthecompany5sfuture.Companiesnow

givetheiremployeesstockoptionsthatallowemployeestoshareinthe

company'ssuccess（andprofits）.Theresponsehasbeenenthusiasticto

saytheleast.AtBritishAerospace,89%ofthoseeligibletobuycompany

sharesdidso.AtBritishTelecomnearly92%ofeligibleemployeestook

part.Finally,atAssociatedBritishPorts,longsynonymouswithunion

disagreements,walkouts,andlaborstrife,almost90%ofemployeesnow

9

cancallthemselvesownersofthecompany.

“Whenpeoplehaveapersonalstakeinsomething,“saidHenry

DundeeofAssociatedBritishPorts,“theythinkaboutit,theycareabout,

theyworktomakeitprosper."AttheNationalFreightConsortium,itself

nostrangertolaborproblems,thenewemployee-ownersactuallyvoteddown

anemployeepay-increaseandpressuredunionrepresentativestorelax

demandsforincreasedwagesandexpandedbenefits.^Privatizationwas

onlythestart,“saysonemarketanalyst,“whatwemayhavehereisa

newindustrialrevolution.

［聽力原文］

從大量國有到完全市場(chǎng)化的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制轉(zhuǎn)變至今沒有可供依賴的詳細(xì)計(jì)劃。然而自

從1979年以來英國的經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明有一種方法管用：私有化，即把經(jīng)營不利的國有

公司賣給私營公司。

到1979年時(shí)，英國在國有企業(yè)方面每年的債務(wù)和損失達(dá)到30億英鎊。通

過把很多這樣的公司賣掉，特別是那些不景氣的工業(yè)部門的公司賣掉，政府減輕

了債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)而且也不再把大量的公共基金投進(jìn)虧損的企業(yè)了。政府發(fā)言人

AlistairMcBride說："一改以往投資一筆好一筆壞的做法，女王政府今年預(yù)計(jì)

可以從國有企業(yè)出售過程中收入340億英鎊”。一些分析家認(rèn)為這可能只是個(gè)開

始。私有化不僅被認(rèn)為可以拯救整個(gè)工業(yè)，還可以刺激國民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。

由于來自這些最近私有化的公司的稅收在增加，加上總體經(jīng)濟(jì)形式反彈，

經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測(cè)者們認(rèn)為英國在兩年之內(nèi)可以償清12.5%的國家凈債務(wù)。當(dāng)很多經(jīng)濟(jì)

領(lǐng)域都急切盼望任何可能的希望到來時(shí)，這對(duì)整體經(jīng)濟(jì)情況來說絕對(duì)是個(gè)好事。

英國航空公司本周宣布機(jī)票銷售和利潤與去年同季度相比上漲了20%。英國燃

氣公司宣布本季度是9年以來的第一個(gè)贏利季度。在英國聯(lián)合港口公司，一項(xiàng)新

的勞動(dòng)合同簽署，這是12年來第一次在沒有停工的情況下簽署的工會(huì)合同。離

大多數(shù)英國人生活更近的電話服務(wù)公司一不列顛電信也不再讓用戶排隊(duì)等待了。

在私有化之前，初裝戶要等幾個(gè)月才能在家里裝上電話。而現(xiàn)在，根據(jù)公司新聞

發(fā)布會(huì)的消息，不列顛電信承諾所有的初裝戶都可以在24小時(shí)內(nèi)安上電話。

生產(chǎn)率提高的一部分原因可以歸結(jié)于允許員工對(duì)公司的未來承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的

舉措。公司現(xiàn)在給予員工認(rèn)股權(quán)，讓員工分享公司的成功（和利潤）。反應(yīng)至少

可以說是熱情的。在英國航天公司，有條件購買股份的人中有89%都買了股份。

不列顛電信公司符合條件的員工有92%都買了股份。就連英國聯(lián)合港口公司，

這個(gè)長期被等同于與工會(huì)分歧，舉行罷工和勞動(dòng)摩擦的公司，都有幾乎90%的

員工現(xiàn)在可以把自己稱作公司的所有者了。

該公司的HeiyDundee說：“當(dāng)人們與某些東西的命運(yùn)息息相關(guān)時(shí)，他們

會(huì)仔細(xì)考慮，他們會(huì)非常關(guān)切，他們會(huì)努力工作以使它繁榮發(fā)展。”而國家貨運(yùn)

聯(lián)盟，以前本身就經(jīng)常產(chǎn)生勞動(dòng)糾紛問題，而現(xiàn)在，剛剛成為公司主人的那些員

工就投票否決了員工加薪議案，并給工會(huì)代表施壓讓他們放寬加薪和擴(kuò)大福利的

要求。一位市場(chǎng)分析家說：“私有化只是個(gè)開端，現(xiàn)在可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生一場(chǎng)新的工業(yè)

10

革命?！?/p>

第16題：

UK，sexperiencein1979demonstratesthat

A.governmentcontrolcanbebasedonfreemarketprinciples.

B.privatizationistheonlywayoutforUK，seconomicdevelopment.

C.state-ownedenterprisescanbenefitalotfromprivatization.

D.amajortransformationineconomicsystemisfeasible.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

選D?細(xì)節(jié)題。文章開篇提到的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的巨大轉(zhuǎn)變沒有藍(lán)圖，后面用“yet”

強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折引出英國的做法證明有一種辦法可行。因此英國的經(jīng)歷表明經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的重

大轉(zhuǎn)型是可行的。

第17題：

Bysellingoffstate-ownedenterprisesthegovernmentwillbeabletodo

thefollowingEXCEPT

A.repaysomeofitshugenationaldebtsandliabilities.

B.stopinvestingpublicfundsintoenterprises.

C.harvestabigamountoftaxrevenue.

D.helpsomedepressedindustrialsectorstorecover.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

選B。細(xì)節(jié)題。B選項(xiàng)偷換了原文當(dāng)中的一個(gè)定語“moneylosing”。本題難點(diǎn)

在于D選項(xiàng)，需要稍微推理一下，而不像其他幾項(xiàng)在原文中比較明顯。

第18題：

TheexampleofBritishTelecomandmanyothercompaniesarementionedin

paragraph3to

A.demonstratethefruitfulresultsofUK，economicreform.

B.showthatservicesinthosecompanieshaveimprovedgreatly

C.attractmorenewcustomerstothosecompanies.

D.tellhowdesperatemanysectorshadbeenbeforeprivatization.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

選A。細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段第二句說“這對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)來說絕對(duì)是個(gè)好事”，之后就舉了眾

多公司的例子，當(dāng)然是要證明前面提到的私有化改革給公司帶來了“好消息”，

也就是成果。

第19題：

Manycompaniesgivetheiremployeesstockoptionsto

A.makethemtherealownersoftheenterprise.

11

B.helpthemsharethesuccessandprofitoftheenterprise.

C.boosttheoverallproductivityoftheenterprise.

D.avoiduniondisagreements,walkouts,andlaborstrife.

參考答案：c

答案解析：

選c。細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段第一句說“生產(chǎn)率提高的一部分原因可以歸結(jié)于允許員工

對(duì)公司的未來承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的舉措”，那么“提高生產(chǎn)率”才是企業(yè)讓員工持有公司

股票的目的。A和B都是手段，D所列舉的現(xiàn)象僅局限在個(gè)別企業(yè)里。

第20題:

Thebesttitleforthetextmightbe

A.PrivatizationisaDouble-edgedSword.

B.PrivatizationisaWayoutforUK'sEconomy.

C.PrivatizationMakesGovernmenttheWinner.

D.PrivatizationOffersaPromisingFuture.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

選B。主旨題。文章整個(gè)圍繞私有化給英國經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來的好處展開，所以主題是英

國經(jīng)濟(jì)的出路。D選項(xiàng)只涵蓋了末尾一句話的含義，文章沒有太多對(duì)未來的展望。

Baseballevolvedfromanumberofdifferentball-and-stickgames

(paddleball,trapball,one-old-cat,roundels,andtownball)

originatinginEngland.AsearlyastheAmericanRevolution,itwasnoted

thattroopsplayed“baseballvintheirfreetime.In1845Alexander

CartwrightformalizedtheNewYorkKnickerbockers，versionofthegame:

adiamondshapedinfield,withbases

Line(5)ninetyfeetapart,threestrikes-you're-out,batterouton

acaughtball,threeoutsper.inning,aninemanteam.The“NewYorkGame”

spreadrapidly,replacingearlierlocalizedforms.Fromitsbeginnings,

baseballwasseenasawayofsatisfyingtherecreationalneedsofan

increasinglyurbanindustrialsociety.Atitsinceptionitwasplayedby

andforwealthygentlemen.Aclubmightconsistof40members.The

presidentwouldappointtwocaptainswhowouldchooseteamsfromamong

the

Line(10)members.GameswereplayedonMondayandThursdayafternoons,

withthelosersoftenprovidingalavishevening，sentertainmentforthe

winners.

Duringthe1850-70periodthegamewaschanging,however,with

increasingcommercialism(chargingadmission),under-the-tablepayments

toexceptionalplayers,andgamblingontheoutcomeofgames.By1868it

wassaidthataclubwouldhavetheirregularprofessionalten,anama-

Line(15)teurfirst-nine,andtheir“muffins”(thegentlemanlyduffers

12

whoonceranthegame).Beginningwiththefirstopenlyall-salariedteam

(Cincinnati'sRedStockingClub)in1869,the1870-1890periodsawthe

completeprofessionalizationofbaseball,includingformationofthe

NationalAssociationofProfessionalBaseballPlayersin1871.The

NationalLeagueofProfessionalBaseBallClubswasformedin1876,run

bybusiness-mindedinvestorsinjoint-stockcompanyclubs.The1880shas

Line(20)beencalledMajorLeagueBaseball's"GoldenAge”.Profits

soared,player5ssalariesrose

somewhat,aseasonof84gamesbecameoneof132,aweeklyperiodical

“TheSportingNews”cameintobeing,woodenstadiumswithdouble-deck

standsreplacedopenfields,andthestandardrefreshmentbecamehotdogs,

sodapopandpeanuts.In1900theWesternLeaguebasedinthegrowing

citiesoftheMidwestproclaimeditselftheAmericanLeague.

第21題：

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.theoriginsofbaseball

B.thecommercializationofbaseball

C.