Lesson121Themaninahat戴帽子的男士NewWordsandexpressions生詞和短語(yǔ)customer n.顧客 forget(forgot,forgotten)v.忘記manager n.經(jīng)理 serve v.照應(yīng),服務(wù),接待countern.柜臺(tái) recognize v.認(rèn)出customern.顧客（買東西的顧客）client銀行，律師等的客戶guest旅館的旅客passenger乘客aregularcustomer老顧客eg.Thecustomerisalwaysright.顧客至上。forgetv.1)忘記eg.Iforgethistelephonenumber.我忘了他的電話號(hào)碼。forgetdoing忘記曾做過(guò)eg.I’llneverforgetseeinghiminNewYork.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了在紐約見(jiàn)到他。forgettodo忘記做（todo表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作）eg.Don’tforgettocallme.別忘了打電話給我。Sheforgottomailtheletter.她忘了寄信2)忘記帶（買，做）eg.Iforgotmyumbrella.我忘了帶傘。Heforgothisumbrellaonthetrain,＝Helefthisumbrellaonthetrain.他將傘忘在火車上。managern.經(jīng)理asalesmanager銷售經(jīng)理managev.管理manageafirm經(jīng)營(yíng)公司servev.照應(yīng)，服務(wù)，接待eg.Howcanweserveyou?(營(yíng)業(yè)員對(duì)顧客用語(yǔ))需要我們?yōu)槟惴?wù)嗎？servesbright(口語(yǔ))給某人應(yīng)得的報(bào)應(yīng)（懲罰）eg.Servehimright.=Itserveshimright!他活該servicen.eg.Theserviceinthatrestaurantinpoor.那家餐館的服務(wù)很差。achargeforservice服務(wù)費(fèi)countern.1)柜臺(tái)atthejewelrycounter在珠寶柜臺(tái)（部）checkoutcounter付帳柜臺(tái)2)柜臺(tái)式長(zhǎng)桌Lunchcounter午餐柜臺(tái)，便餐館，柜臺(tái)式長(zhǎng)餐桌3)計(jì)算器recognizev.1)認(rèn)出eg.Doyourecognizehishandwriting?你能認(rèn)出他的筆跡嗎？2）承認(rèn)（事實(shí)），認(rèn)清，確認(rèn)eg.Weallrecognizedhertalentfordancing.我們都肯定她在舞蹈方面有才華。Hedidn’trecognizethathehadmadeabigmistake.他不承認(rèn)自己犯下了大錯(cuò)。Grammar語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞和代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞是先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞之后。eg.ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasPeter.回答問(wèn)題的那個(gè)學(xué)生叫Peter.(句中的whoansweredthequestion是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞thestudent.從句中的who是關(guān)系代詞,由它引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，它一方面起連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句的作用，另一方面在從句中作主語(yǔ)。)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞在從句中可作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)等，關(guān)系副詞在從句中只用作狀語(yǔ)。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImether.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我見(jiàn)到她的那一天。（關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句緊跟隨其先行詞theday之后作狀語(yǔ)）一．用作關(guān)聯(lián)詞的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,that,which等。1).Who,whom,whose指人。Who是主格，在從句中用作主語(yǔ)（在非正式英語(yǔ)中亦可用賓語(yǔ)），whom是賓格，在從句中用作賓語(yǔ)，whose是屬格，在從句中用作定語(yǔ)（有時(shí)亦可指物）。eg.Themanwhowashereyesterdayisateacher.昨天在這里的那個(gè)人是位老師。（主格關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作作主語(yǔ)）ThemanwhomIsawiscalledMike./ThemanwhoIsawiscalledMike.我見(jiàn)到的那個(gè)人叫麥克。(在非正式英語(yǔ)中可用who取代whom)Iknowthemanwhomyoulike.我認(rèn)識(shí)你喜歡的那個(gè)人。（關(guān)系代詞whom在從句中用作賓語(yǔ)）Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.失去父母的孩子叫做孤兒。（屬格關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中用作定語(yǔ)，指人）I’dlikearoomwhosewindowisbig.我想要一個(gè)有大窗戶的房間。（屬格關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中用作定語(yǔ)，指theroom’s）2).that從句中既可用作主語(yǔ)，亦可用作賓語(yǔ)（在非正式文體中可省去）。that既可指人，亦可指物，但在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中多指物。eg.Aletterthatiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.用鉛筆寫(xiě)的信很難讀。（關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物）TheletterthatIheardfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.昨天他來(lái)的信很重要。（關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，指物）Ishethemanthatsellseggs?他是賣雞蛋的那個(gè)人嗎？（關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指人）3）which在從句中既可用作主語(yǔ)，亦可用作賓語(yǔ)（非正式文體中可省去）一般指物。eg.Thisisthebookwhichisverydifficult.這就是那本很難的書(shū)。（關(guān)系代詞which在從句中用作主語(yǔ)）二．用作關(guān)聯(lián)詞的關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。1.when在從句中用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞應(yīng)是表示時(shí)間的名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。eg.HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.他昨晚來(lái)時(shí)我出去了。（關(guān)系副詞when的先行詞是lastnight）2.where在從句中用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞應(yīng)是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。eg.I’llneverforgettheplacewhereImet.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們見(jiàn)面的地方。3.why在從句中用作原因狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞是reason等表示原因的詞。eg.Thatisnotreasonwhyyoushouldleave.那不是你必須離開(kāi)的原因。（why的先行詞是reason）TEXT課文Listentothetapethenanswerthisquestion.聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答問(wèn)題。Question:Whydidn’tCarolinerecognizethecustomerstraightaway?為什么Caroline沒(méi)有馬上認(rèn)出那位顧客？CUSTOMER:Iboughttwoexpensivedictionariesherehalfanhourago,butIforgottotakethemwithme. 顧客：半小時(shí)以前我在這里買了兩本很貴的辭典，但我忘了拿走。MANAGER:Whoservedyou,sir? 經(jīng)理：是誰(shuí)接待您的，先生？CUSTOMER:Theladywhoisstandingbehindthecounter.顧客：站在柜臺(tái)后面的那位女士。MANAGER:Whichbooksdidyoubuy? 經(jīng)理：您買的是兩本什么書(shū)？CUSTOMER:Thebookswhichareonthecounter. 顧客：就是柜臺(tái)上的那兩本。MANAGER:Didyouservethisgentlemanhalfanhourago,Caroline?Hesayshe'sthemanwhoboughtthesebooks. 經(jīng)理：卡羅琳，半小時(shí)前你接待過(guò)這位先生嗎？他說(shuō)他就是買這兩本書(shū)的人。CUSTOMER:Ican'tremember.ThemanwhoIservedwaswearingahat.卡羅琳：我記不起來(lái)了。我接待的那個(gè)人戴著一頂帽子。MANAGER:Haveyougotahat,sir? 經(jīng)理：先生，您有帽子嗎？CUSTOMER:Yes,Ihave. 顧客：有的，我有帽子。MANAGER:Wouldyouputiton,please? 經(jīng)理：請(qǐng)您把帽子戴上好嗎？CUSTOMER:Allright. 顧客：好吧。MANAGER:Isthisthemanthatyouserved,Caroline? 經(jīng)理：卡羅琳，這就是你接待過(guò)的那個(gè)人嗎？CUSTOMER:Yes.Irecognizehimnow. 卡羅琳：是他。我現(xiàn)在認(rèn)出他來(lái)了。課文講解：A:Iboughttwoexpensivedictionariesherehalfanhourago,butIforgottotakethemwithme.半小時(shí)以前我在這里買了兩本很貴的辭典，但我忘了拿走。1.halfanhourago半小時(shí)之前（用在過(guò)去時(shí)當(dāng)中）bought是buy的過(guò)去式dictionary的復(fù)數(shù)形式為dictionarieshour是以元音音素開(kāi)頭字母，前面的不定冠詞用“an”2.forgot是forget的過(guò)去式，時(shí)態(tài)上與前面bought保持一致。forgettodo表示忘記去做某事eg.Iforgottocallyouyesterday.昨天我忘記了要給你打電話。Don’tforgettobringyourbookherenexttime.下次別忘了把你的書(shū)帶來(lái)。forgetdoing“忘記做過(guò)某事”eg.Betty,doyouknowwheremykeyis?You’vegivenittome.Oh,Iforgotgivingittoyou.貝蒂，你知道我的鑰匙在哪嗎？你已經(jīng)把它給我了，噢，我忘記把鑰匙給你了．remembertodo記住去做….rememberdoing記得做過(guò)…eg.Remembertoturnoffallthelightsbeforeyouleave.在你離開(kāi)之前，記住關(guān)掉所有的燈。remembertodo=don’tforgettodo…eg.Canyoutellmeyourtelephonenumber?請(qǐng)把你的電話號(hào)碼告訴我。Iremembertellingyou.我記得告訴過(guò)你了。3.butIforgottotakethemwithmethem指代thetwoexpensivedictionaries4.takesthwithsb把某物帶走eg.ItooksomemedicinewithmewhenIwenttothevillage.我去那個(gè)村莊的時(shí)候我隨身帶了一些藥。takesbsth(雙賓語(yǔ))=takesthtosb把某物拿去給某人eg.I’lltakesomepresentstomyfriendsinBeijing./I’lltakemyfriendsinBeijingsomepresents.我將給我在北京的朋友們帶一些禮物。bringsthwithsb把某物帶來(lái)eg.Peter,ifyoudon’tbringyourbookwithyounexttime,I’llcallyourfather.Peter，如果你下次再不把書(shū)帶來(lái)，我就給你父親打電話。bringsbsth=bringsthtosb把某物帶給某人eg.Thankyouforbringmeyourpictures.謝謝你給我?guī)?lái)你的照片。B:Whoservedyou,sir?是誰(shuí)接待您的，先生？A:Theladywhoisstandingbehindthecounter.站在柜臺(tái)后面的那位女士。served是serve的過(guò)去式，“服務(wù)”eg.I’llservethepeoplewithheartandsoul.我會(huì)全心全意為人民服務(wù)的。servicen.服務(wù)eg.Theserviceinthatstoreisgood.那家商店服務(wù)很好。Theladywhoisstandingbehindthecounter.這是一個(gè)省略句，完整的句子應(yīng)該是“Theladywhoisstandingbehindthecounterservedme.其中whoisstandingbehindthecounter是一個(gè)以關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾thelady.(who在這里不是疑問(wèn)副詞，而是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)Whoisknockingatthedoor?誰(shuí)在敲門(mén)？（who是疑問(wèn)副詞，引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句）Idon’tlikethatmanwhoisstandingbythegate.這不喜歡站在門(mén)口的那個(gè)男人。（who是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句）Whichbooksdidyoubuy?您買的是兩本什么書(shū)？Which指在一定范圍內(nèi)的哪個(gè)（些）which既可用來(lái)指人，又可用來(lái)指物who與what分別用來(lái)指人和物，沒(méi)有限定的范圍。試比較：Whichisyourdaughteramongthechildren?這群孩子中誰(shuí)是你的女兒．Theoneinred.穿紅色衣服的那個(gè)。Whoisyourboss?Mr.Jacksonis.Whichisyourfavouritebook?Thisone.Whatisyourfavoritebook?ThegreatGatsby.A:Thebookswhichareonthecounter.就是柜臺(tái)上的那兩本。此句是帶有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，這也是一個(gè)省略句，全句應(yīng)該是：Iboughtthebookswhichareonthecounter.B:Didyouservethisgentlemanhalfanhourago,Caroline?Hesayshe’sthemanwhoboughtthesebooks.卡羅琳，半小時(shí)前你接待過(guò)這位先生嗎？他說(shuō)他就是買這兩本書(shū)的人。1.Hesays后面的賓語(yǔ)從句省略了從屬連詞that2.he’sthemanwhoboughtthesebooks作Hesays的賓語(yǔ)此句中包含了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,whoboughtthesebooks作定語(yǔ)修飾先行詞theman,意為買這些書(shū)的人。A:Ican’tremember.ThemanwhoIservedwaswearingahat.我記不起來(lái)了。我接待的那個(gè)人戴著一頂帽子。1.ThemanwhoIservedwaswearingahat.“whoIserved”作定語(yǔ)修飾theman由于被修飾的名詞theman在定語(yǔ)從句中做動(dòng)詞served的賓語(yǔ)，因此關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用賓格whom,但在口語(yǔ)中往往用主格who.2.wearahat戴著帽子wear穿（表示狀態(tài)）puton穿上(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作)B:Haveyougotahat,sir? 先生，您有帽子嗎？A:Yes,Ihave. 有的，我有帽子。B:Wouldyouputiton,please? 請(qǐng)您把帽子戴上好嗎？A:Allright. 好吧。1.Wouldyou…?請(qǐng)你…好嗎？2.putiton戴上帽子it指代ahatputonyourshoes=putyourshoeson=putthemon穿上鞋puton反義詞putoff脫下，摘下takeoffyouwatch=takeyourwatchoff=takeitoff摘下手表B:Isthisthemanthatyouserved.Caroline?卡羅琳,這就是你接待過(guò)的那個(gè)人嗎？(定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾theman.)A:Yes.Irecognizehimnow. 是他。我現(xiàn)在認(rèn)出他來(lái)了。recognizev.認(rèn)出來(lái)（強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程，是非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）eg.Hehaschangedalot,Ihardlyrecognizedhim.他變了許多，我?guī)缀鯖](méi)有認(rèn)出來(lái)他。knowv.知道，認(rèn)識(shí)（表狀態(tài)，是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，可以接表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)）eg.Ihaveknownherfortenyears.我認(rèn)識(shí)她己經(jīng)10年了。小結(jié)：1.語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句像形容詞一樣起修飾作用,但位于所修飾的名詞之后。定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，緊跟在它所修飾的成分后面。關(guān)系代詞who，whom與that修飾人，which與that修飾東西。關(guān)系代詞指代從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)又充當(dāng)連接詞，把從句和主句連接起來(lái)。1、關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,which,that①（先行詞）人+who/that+動(dòng)詞（作主語(yǔ)）ThemanwhohaswhitehairisMr.White.②（先行詞）人+whose+名詞+動(dòng)詞（作定語(yǔ)）Ihaveafriendwhosefatherisateacher.③（先行詞）人+who/whom/that+及物動(dòng)詞/不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞（做賓語(yǔ)）Themanwemetismyuncle.④（先行詞）物+which/that+動(dòng)詞（作主語(yǔ)）which是指人以外的生命或沒(méi)有生命的東西Thisisthebirdwhichalwayssingsatnight.⑤（先行詞）物+which/that+主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞（作賓語(yǔ)）ThisistheletterIreceivedyesterday.2、定語(yǔ)從句中的省略①當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞代表主語(yǔ)并且從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是（現(xiàn)在）進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞及助動(dòng)詞be均可省略②如果關(guān)系代詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞往往可以省略。定語(yǔ)從句可用介詞結(jié)尾。③如果關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，且介詞提前了，介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只能加whom（人）/which（物），不能用that。Thewomanstandingbehindthecounterservedme.That’stheshipwetraveledon.That’sthemanItoldyouabout.2.短語(yǔ)forgettodo忘記去做…onthecounter在柜臺(tái)上wearahat戴著帽子（狀態(tài)）recognizesb認(rèn)出某人forgettodosth.忘記去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記做了某事expensivea.昂貴的dictionaryn.字典3.單詞辨析★forgetv.忘記forgettodosth.忘記去做某事Ihaveforgottentobringmybook.forgetdoingsth.忘記做了某事Iwillneverforgetfindingthatrarecoininmygarden.★servev.照應(yīng)，服務(wù)，接待①v.服務(wù)；接待；侍候Areyoubeingserved,sir?先生，有人為您服務(wù)嗎？②v.供應(yīng)；擺出（食物或飲料等）Whattimeisbreakfastservedinthishotel?這個(gè)飯店里什么時(shí)候供應(yīng)早餐？③v.為……服務(wù)/服役；任職Theoldcookhasservedthefamilyfor30years.這位老廚師已為這家干了30年了。HebegantoserveintheNavyin1960.他從1960年起開(kāi)始在海軍服役?！飏ecognizev.認(rèn)出①v.認(rèn)出；認(rèn)識(shí)Canyourecognizethistune?你能聽(tīng)出這支曲調(diào)嗎？②v.承認(rèn)；確認(rèn)IrecognizethatheismorecapablethanIam.我承認(rèn)他比我更有能力。TheyrecognizedRichardashislawfulheir.他們確認(rèn)理查德為他的合法繼承人。AreBritishmedicalqualificationsrecognizedinotherEuropeancountries?英國(guó)的醫(yī)生執(zhí)照在歐洲其他國(guó)家能否得到承認(rèn)？[課文]CUSTOMER: Iboughttwoexpensivedictionariesherehalfanhourago,butIforgottakethemwithme.MANAGER: Whoservedyou,sir?CUSTOMER: Theladywhoisstandingbehindthecounter.MANAGER: Whichbooksdidyoubuy?CUSTOMER: Thebookswhichareonthecounter.MANAGER: Didyouservethisgentlemanhalfanhourago,Caroline? Hesayshe'sthemanwhoboughtthesebooks.CUSTOMER: Ican'tremember. ThemanwhoIservedwaswearingahat.MANAGER: Haveyougotahat,sir?CUSTOMER: Yes,Ihave.MANAGER: Wouldyouputiton,please?CUSTOMER: Allright.MANAGER: Isthisthemanthatyouserved,Caroline?CUSTOMER: Yes.Irecognizehimnow.[課文注釋]1、Whydidn’tCarolinerecognizethecustomerstraightaway?為什么卡羅琳沒(méi)有馬上認(rèn)出那位顧客？2、ThemanwhoIservedwaswearingahat.此句為定語(yǔ)從句，由于被修飾的名詞theman在定語(yǔ)從句中是動(dòng)詞served的賓語(yǔ)，因此，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用賓語(yǔ)whom，但口語(yǔ)中往往用who。Lesson122who(whom),whichwhoseandthatNewWordsandexpressions生詞和短語(yǔ)roadn.路eg.Thisroadleadstothecity.這條路通往城市theroadto通往…的路roadaccident交通事故ExerciseAExample:Sheisthegirl.Shemetmeyesterday.Sheisthegirlwhometmeyesterday.1.Thisisthebook.Iboughtityesterday.ThisisthebookwhichIboughtyesterday.Sheisthegirl.Imetheryesterday.Sheisthegirlwho/whomImetyesterday.Thisisthecar.Themechanicrepairedityesterday.Thisisthecarwhomthemechanicrepairedyesterday.Heistheman.Iinvitedhimtothepart.HeisthemanwhomIinvi