考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷32（共9套）（共185題）考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共25題，每題1.0分，共25分。)Thebattletopreventoratleastslowglobalwarminghasintensifiedinthepastyearasscientistshavelearnedmoreaboutthemagnitudeoftheproblem.Oneoftheleadingclimateexperts,InezY.Fung,directoroftheAtmosphericSciencesCenterattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,recentlyshowedthattheearthmaysoonloseitsabilitytoabsorbmuchofthegreenhousegasthatisraisingtemperatures.Theoceansandcontinentscurrentlysoakupabouthalfthecarbondioxideproducedbytheburningoffossilfuels.Intheoceans,thegascombineswithwatertoformcarbonicacid;onland,plantstakeinmorecarbondioxideandgrowfaster.ButcomputermodelingdonebyFungandhercolleaguesindicatesthatthesecarbonsinkswillbecomelesseffectiveastheearthcontinuestowarm.Forexample,asthetropicsbecomehotteranddrierinthesummer,plantswillreducetheirrespirationofcarbondioxidetoavoidwaterloss.Atmosphericmeasurementsoverthepastdecadehaveconfirmedthiseffect.Iftheoceansandlandtakeinlesscarbondioxide,morewillremainintheatmosphereandglobalwarmingcouldacceleratecatastrophically.Despitethesewarningsigns,thegovernmentadministrationhasopposedapprovaloftheKyotoProtocol,theinternationaltreatymandatingreductionsingreenhousegasemissions.ButninestatesinthenortheasternU.S.areattemptingtosidestepthefederalgovernment'soppositionbytakingactionontheirown.LastAugustthegroupreachedapreliminaryagreementtoreduceemissionsofcarbondioxideby10percentby2020.Theplanrequiresapprovalbythestatelegislatures,butenvironmentalistsarealreadyhopingthatotherregionsoftheU.S.willfollowsuit.Ifadoptednationwide,theproposalwouldlowergreenhousegasemissionsbyroughlyasmuchastheKyotoProtocolwouldhave.SteveHoward,chiefexecutiveoftheClimateGroup,istacklingtheglobal-warmingproblemfromadifferentangle.Foundedin2004,theClimateGroupisacoalitionofcorporationsandlocalgovernmentsthathavevoluntarilycommittedtoreducingtheirgreenhousegasemissions.MembersincludeoilgiantBP(BritishPetroleumCo.PLC),drug-makerJohnson&Johnson,andStarbucks.BusinessesintheClimateGrouphavediscoveredthatimprovementsinenergyefficiencycanenhanceprofitsaswellascutfossil-fuelemissions;BP,forinstance,slasheditsenergybillsby$650millionover10years."Wehaveseenimportantevidenceaboutsuccessfulemissionreductionscatteredhereandthereinthemostsurprisingplacesallovertheglobe,"Howardsays."Weareworkingtobringallofittogethersothatitformsabodyofevidence."1、InezY.Funghasfoundinthestudythat_____.A、theproblemofglobalwarminghasattractedgreatattentionB、theearthcannotaccommodatethemountinggreenhousegasC、thecarbondioxideisthemaincomponentofthegreenhousegasD、theoceansandcontinentsareabletotakeinmoregas標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)InezY.Fung可定位至前兩段。第一段中說到“馮又嫦最近指出，地球很快就吸收不了多少導(dǎo)致氣溫升高的溫室氣體了”，所以正確答案為B項(xiàng)。2、Whatdoes"carbonsinks"(Para.2)mean?A、Theprocessofproducinggreenhousegas.B、Thegradualprocessoflandsubmersion.C、Theabsorbersofcarbondioxide.D、Theprocessofformingcarboniccompounds.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞義理解題。題目問的是carbonsink的含義。第一段說的是陸地和海洋在吸收二氧化碳方面的作用，第二段通過But引起轉(zhuǎn)折，指出這兩種吸收體的效率將降低，因此carbonsink的意思為“二氧化碳的吸收體”，答案為C項(xiàng)。3、Whichofthefollowingistrueofthereactionsofauthoritiestotheglobalwarming?A、ThegovernmentdecidestorewritetheKyotoProtocol.B、PartsoftheU.S.willfollowthefederalgovernment’sadvice.C、TheU.S.hasapprovedthenewplanofgasemissions.D、NinestatesintheU.S.willpaddletheirowncanoe.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)reactionsofauthorities可知需到后兩段尋找答案。第三段說到美國東北部的9個(gè)州決定單獨(dú)采取行動(dòng)，可知D項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。4、Itissuggestedinthelastparagraphthat____.A、thegovernmentprofitedfromtheClimateGroup’sgasemissionreductionB、energyusedmoreefficientlywillbringbenefitstoeconomyaswellasnatureC、energybillsshouldbeslashedinordertomaintainalowlevelofgasemissionD、theClimateGroupistacklingtheproblemthroughaccumulatingstrongevidence標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。最后一段舉了BP的例子說明，提高能源利用率，既能增加利潤，同時(shí)也可以減少化石燃料的排放，因此B項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。5、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A、TheClimateGroup’sCombatB、LessFossilFuels,MorePlantsC、CleanAirandBlueSkyD、ProtectionsfortheClimate標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨大意題。本題要求為全文選擇一個(gè)合適的題目。D項(xiàng)“保護(hù)氣候”，強(qiáng)調(diào)了保護(hù)，涵蓋了文章所述具體措施，因此為本題最佳選項(xiàng)。Inthefirstyearsofthe21stcentury,noareaoftheAmericaneconomyhasexcitedmoreemotionthanthepropertymarket.Firstcametheexcitementofsoaringprices.Thenspiritscamecrashingdownwiththesubprimecrisis,andnowhomeownersareagonizingoverhowfarvaluescouldfall.Anevenbiggerstory,however,maybeyettocome.Americashouldbebracingitselffortheendofthe"generationalhousingbubble",accordingtoanewstudybyDowellMyersandSungHoRyuoftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Asthecountry's78millionbaby-boomersretire,thereportargues,thehousingmarketwillchangedramatically.Forthreedecadesbaby-boomershavehelpedpushpricesup:theysettleddown,andthenboughtbiggerhousesandsecondhomes.Butasthefirstofthemcelebratetheir65thbirthdaysin2011,thismaychange.Theoldsellmorehomesthantheybuy.Theratioofoldtoworking-agepeopleisexpectedtogrowby67%overthenexttwodecades.Willtheyoungergenerationbeabletobuyallthehomesonthemarket?Youngadultsmakeupthebulkofnewdemand,withmostpurchasinghomeswhentheyreachtheirearly30s.Thefloodofelderlypeoplesellingtheirhomes,Mr.Myerssuggests,mayleadtoadrawn-outbuyers'market.Pricesmayfallfurtherasyoungerpeople,perceivingadownturn,delaypurchasing.Thisphenomenonwillunfolddifferentlyacrossthecountry.Somestateswillbeginthesell-offlaterthanothers.In15southernandwesternstates—includingtheretirementmagnetsofFloridaandArizona—theelderlydonotbecomenetsellersuntiltheir70s.ExpensivestatessuchasCaliforniaandthecoldstatesofthemid-westandnortheastarelikelytolosethemmorequickly.Themismatchbetweenbuyersandsellersmaybemostacuteintherustbelt,wherenumbersofyoungpeopleandimmigrantsarerisingslowly,ifatall,saysWilliamFreyoftheBrookingsInstitution,athink-tank.Ofcourse,theremaybeotheroutcomes.Suburbs,whichswelledwiththebaby-boomers,maybegintodecline.Ifthebuildingindustrycontracts,homepricesmayremainmorestable.Ordevelopersmayswitchtoservingtheold,buildingmorecompacthousingnearamenities.Townsmaymakeneweffortstoattractimmigrants,whoalreadyaccountedfor40%ofthegrowthinhomeownershipbetween2000and2006.Amongtheseunknowns,onethingismorecertain:thehousingmarketisabouttoenteralongperiodoftransition.Theyoungestbaby-boomerswillnotturn65until2029.6、"Anevenbiggerstory"inParagraph1impliesthatAmericanpropertymarketwill_____.A、continuetobethemostexcitingfieldintheAmericaneconomyB、experiencemoredramaticchangesinthefollowingyearsC、makespiritsgoupwiththedecreasedhousingpricesD、havegreaterimpactonthefeelingsofhomeowners標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。定位到開頭兩段。此題可聯(lián)系上下文分析。第一段末提出更大的問題將隨之而來，聯(lián)系第二段第一句提到的“時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)對(duì)持續(xù)一代之久的房地產(chǎn)泡沫的破滅”及第二句的“房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)將急劇變化”，B項(xiàng)與之相符。7、AccordingtoDowell,thebaby-boomers_____.A、havebeenmorelikelytobuybiggerandmorehomesB、maycelebratetheirbirthdaysattheageof65C、shouldwelcomethefuturechangebysellingmorehousesD、havemadehousingbubblesinthepastthreedecades標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第二段，該段講到近三十年來，嬰兒潮一代人推動(dòng)了房?jī)r(jià)的攀升，積聚了房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的泡沫，故D項(xiàng)正確。8、Theword"drawn-out"(Para.3)mostprobablymeans_____.A、prolongedB、declinedC、delayedD、enlarged標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語義理解題。定位到第三段。此題可以根據(jù)其字面意思“拉長(zhǎng)的”，以及上下文進(jìn)行推斷。本段提出老齡人口賣房高潮的到來可能導(dǎo)致買方市場(chǎng)的長(zhǎng)期存在。段落末提出年輕一代可能延遲購置行為，故推斷此形容詞與時(shí)間有關(guān)，A項(xiàng)最貼切，表示長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的。9、WilliamFreybelievesthat_____.A、peopleinsouthernstateswouldnotlosetheirhomesuntiltheir70sB、peopleinexpensivestateswouldlosetheirmoneymorequicklyC、youngpeopleandimmigrantshardlyincreaseintherustbeltareasD、elderlypeoplewouldnotliketoretireinFloridaandArizonauntiltheir70s標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)WillianFrey定位到第四段段末。此處講述美國鐵銹地帶的買者和賣者之間的失衡現(xiàn)象最為嚴(yán)重，此地區(qū)青年和移民人數(shù)幾乎沒有增長(zhǎng)，故C項(xiàng)與之相符。10、Itcouldbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_____.A、suburbswoulddeclinewithincreasedbaby-boomersB、housingpriceswouldkeepsteadyinthecrisisC、thehousingmarketwillexperienceaperiodoftransformationD、immigrantswillbethemajorityofhomeownershipintowns標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨大意題。從最后一段倒數(shù)第二句可知C項(xiàng)“美國房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)將進(jìn)入漫長(zhǎng)的轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期”正確。MercedesestatecarsandFiatrunaroundsarebeingusedtotestupto22differentmonitorsdesignedtodetectifadriverisfallingasleepatthewheelandtriggeraseriesofdevicesdesignedtowakethemup.Theaimoftheproject,fundedby￡4millionofEuropeanUnionmoneyaswellasprivateinvestment,istoreducetheestimated30%offatalaccidentswhicharecausedinEuropeeachyearbydriversdriftingoffatthewheel.Thetestcarshavebeenfittedwithinfraredcameraswhichmonitoreyemovement,touch-padsensorsthatmeasurethedriver'sgriponthesteeringwheelandchassismonitorswhichcheckforveer.Shoulddriversstarttodozeofftheycanbequicklywokenbyasuddenblastofair-conditionedcoldair.Atthesametimeavibratingalarmwillsoundandthedriver'sseatwillbemadetoshake.DaimlerChrysler,ownerofMercedes,aswellasFiat,willownthepatentoftheawakesystem,whichcouldbeinstalledincarsassoonasthisyear.IfthetrialsaresuccessfultheEUisconsideringintroducingadirectivewhichwouldmakethesystemcompulsoryinlong-distancelorries—aleadingcauseofroadaccidents.Accordingtotransportdepartmentfigures,morethan300peopledieeachyearinBritaininaccidentsthoughttobecausedbydriversfallingasleepatthewheel.TenpeoplediedintheSelbyrailcrashlastyearwhenacardriverfellasleeponamotor-way,crashedontoarailwaylineandderailedapassengertrain.MotoringorganizationssaidthenewsystemmightpreventaccidentssuchasSelbybutwerecautiousastowhetheritwouldprovepractical.Thesafetysystemalsomonitorsbrakingfrequencyandcandetecteyemovementtowardstherearandsidemirrors.Asnoonedrivesinexactlythesameway,thesystemmust"learn"theindividualcharacteristicsofitsownerorowners.Theresearchershadconsideredsystemsthatsquirtedarefinedversionofsmellingsaltsatthedozymotorist,openedthewindowsandactivatedthebrakesautomatically.However,suchideashavebeenabandonedaspotentiallydangerous,startlingadriverandleadingtosuddenchangesinsteering.11、Accordingtothetext,ifadriverfallsasleepinoneofthetestcars,_____.A、thecarbrakewillbeactivatedautomaticallytopreventanaccidentB、arefinedversionofsmellingsaltwillbesprayedatthedriverC、thewindowwillbeopenedtoletinfreshairD、avibratingalarmwillsoundtowakethedriverup標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段最后兩句分別提到了兩種喚醒打瞌睡的司機(jī)的方法，D項(xiàng)是其中之一，在該段最后一句提到。12、Paragraph2mainlytalksabout_____.A、thecausesoffatalroadaccidentsB、themechanismoftheawakesystemC、thewaystoawakethedozingdriversD、thescheduleofdevelopingtheawakesystem標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨大意題。第二段包含兩個(gè)主要內(nèi)容，第一句指出了研究喚醒系統(tǒng)的目的，第二句至最后一句介紹了該系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)作機(jī)制，將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)與此對(duì)比，即可發(fā)現(xiàn)B項(xiàng)為本題答案。13、WecanlearnfromthetextthatroadaccidentsinEuropearemainlycausedby_____.A、driversfallingasleepatthewheelB、long-distancelorrydrivingC、carswithoutasafetysystemD、drivers’suddenchangesinsteering標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干中的roadaccidents及mainlycaused可定位至第三段最后一句。第三段最后一句指出公路事故的主要肇事者是長(zhǎng)途貨車，題干中的mainlycaused對(duì)應(yīng)文中的aleadingcause，故正確答案選B項(xiàng)。14、TheauthormayagreethattheSelbycrash_____.A、triggeredthedevelopmentoftheawakesystemB、happenedbecausethetraindriverdriftedoffatthewheelC、highlightedtheadvantagesofinstallingtheawakesystemD、causedresearchers’concernaboutthepracticalityoftheawakesystem標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的Selbycrash可定位至第四段。本文介紹了喚醒系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)，結(jié)合第四段最后一句可以知道，作者提到塞爾比鐵路撞車事故是為了表明喚醒系統(tǒng)可以避免這種事故的發(fā)生，即它的好處，由此可見，C項(xiàng)為本題答案。15、TheEU’sattitudetowardstheawakesystemisoneof_____.A、cautiousoptimismB、insufficientsupportC、sheerconfidenceD、greatskepticism標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干中的專有名詞EU可定位至第二、三段。第二段第一句指出歐盟在經(jīng)濟(jì)上對(duì)系統(tǒng)的研究給予了很大的支持，第三段最后一句指出歐盟會(huì)考慮頒布指令，讓長(zhǎng)途貨車安裝該系統(tǒng)，這些表示它對(duì)系統(tǒng)是有信心的；另一方面，第三段最后一句中的條件從句和considering一詞表明歐盟對(duì)該系統(tǒng)持審慎的態(tài)度，因此A項(xiàng)最能概括歐盟對(duì)該系統(tǒng)的態(tài)度。Duringuncertaintimes,peopletendtolookbackandwonderhowitgottothis.Theyfeelmorekeenlytheirmissedopportunitiesandfailuresinjudgment.Regret—thesensethatthingscouldhaveturnedoutbetterifonlyadifferentchoicehadbeenmade—becomespervasive.However,regretneedn'tbeagarmentrending,self-whippingemotion.Instead,itcanbesomethingtovalueanduse.AccordingtoarecentstudybyColleenSaffreyattheUniversityofVictoriainCanadaandcolleaguesattheUniversityofIllinois,mostpeopleholdregretinhighregard.Ofallthenegativeemotions,regretwasidentifiedasthemostvaluedinthatithelpedpeoplemakesenseoflifeeventsandremedywhatwentwrong.Regretishardwiredintohumanbiology,underscoringitsimportanceinbehavior.Advancesinneuro-imagingshowthatwhenapersonexperiencesregret,apartofthebraininvolvedinbothreasoningandemotionbecomesactive.Neurosciencealsotellsusthatlearningprobablyworksbestwhenthereisanintenseemotionalcomponenttoit,soitcouldbethatregretbolstersourabilitytolearnfromexperience.Suggestionslistedbelowmayhelpyoumanagethisemotionandturnitintoatoolforgrowth.Bewareofhindsightbias.Whatyoushouldhavedonealwaysseemsclearerinretrospectthanitwasatthetime.AstheDanishphilosopherKierkegaardputit,"Lifecanonlybeunderstoodbackwards,butitmustbelivedforwards."Hemighthavesaid,"Sodon'tbesohardonyourself."Useregretstoimprovedecisionmakingandclarifyvalues.Insteadofthinkingoverwhatmighthavebeen,letwhathappenedpointtheway.Theregretmighthelpyouprioritizeyourinvestmentsinrelationships,servicetothecommunity,health,andtime,aswellashelpyousetreasonablefinancialgoals.Balanceregretandrisk.Insteadofchoosingalessriskyoptionthatyouareleastlikelytoregret,choosetheonethatwillmaximizeyourchanceofreachingrealisticgoals.Infact,pastexperiencesofregretmayhavegivenyouabetterappreciationofrisk,whichisasignofgrowth.Don'tworryalone,especiallyifyouaredrowninginregret.Ifmiserylovescompany,it'sbecauseperspectivehelps.It'sgoodtoknowyou'renottheonly"idiot"intheneighborhood.Onsomelevel,we'reallidiots.Themostsuccessfulpeoplearethosewhohavebeenresoluteinthefaceoffailure.Ifyourthoughtsturnmorbid,getprofessionalhelpsoyoucangobacktostrivingtowardyourpersonalandcareergoals.16、Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,regret_____.A、canbeavoidedifwemakeadifferentchoiceB、occurswhenwelookbackC、isthemostpervasivenegativeemotionD、canhelppeoplelearnandimprovelife標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一、二段。第二段提出遺憾有它的價(jià)值并可被利用，并在段末說“它幫助人們理解生活事件……想出補(bǔ)救措施”。故D項(xiàng)為答案。17、ColleenSaffreywouldmostprobablyagreethat______.A、peopleshouldlearntoavoidregretB、regretisnolongeranegativeemotionC、thoughnegative,regretisofvaluetopeopleD、regretcanhelppeoplefindtheproblems標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)CoUeenSaffrey定位到第二段。該段說ConeenSaffrey的研究表明“在所有的消極情緒中，遺憾被認(rèn)為是最有價(jià)值的”，故C項(xiàng)為答案。18、Theword"underscoring"(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto_____.A、underminingB、decreasingC、emphasizingD、devaluing標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語義理解題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段。本段從人體生理學(xué)的角度解釋為什么遺憾具有價(jià)值，并在段末總結(jié)“遺憾提高著我們從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中吸取教訓(xùn)的能力”，故可以推斷，underscoring與emphasizing(強(qiáng)調(diào))意思最接近，C項(xiàng)為答案。19、ThephilosopherKierkegaardisquotedto_____.A、showhisphilosophicalideasaboutlifeandregretB、givepeoplesuggestiononmanagementofregretC、tellpeoplenottobetoohardonthemselvesinlifeD、explainwhypeopleshouldbewareofhindsightbias標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)Kierkegaard定位到第四段。本段先提出下面開始介紹將遺憾情緒轉(zhuǎn)化成成長(zhǎng)工具的辦法，但在此之前，提醒讀者要“警惕事后諸葛亮的偏執(zhí)”，進(jìn)而引用Kierkegaard，說“生活需要往前看”，故引用的目的應(yīng)為解釋為什么要警惕“事后諸葛亮的偏執(zhí)”，D項(xiàng)為答案。undefined20、Regretcanbevaluedandusedto_____.A、helppeopletochoosealessriskyoptionB、helpyoumakebetterdecisionsC、helpyouprioritizeyourrelationshipsD、helppeopletoachievetheirpersonalandcareergoals標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定位到第五至七段。第五段中提到“利用遺憾的情緒來提高決策……”，故B項(xiàng)“幫助做更好的決定”為答案。Manufacturersofeverythingfromrunningshoestodeodorants,asubstancetoremoveunpleasantodors,designproductsspecificallyforwomen.Oneofthelatestentries:thefirstartificialjointcreatedfor—andheavilyadvertisedto—females.Doctorssayit'stoosoontotellwhethertheGenderKneerepresentsagiantleapforwomankindorifitgivesitsmaker,ZimmerHoldingsInc.,alegupinthemarket.Inthecaseoftheknees,accordingtoZimmer,here'showmenandwomenaredifferent:First,thekneecap,isthinnerinwomen.Also,women'swiderhipscreateadifferentanglebetweenthekneeandpelvis—thewide,curvedgroupofbonesatthelevelofhips,whichcanmeanthekneecapgetspulledtothesidewhenthemusclescontract.Andtheendofthethighboneistypicallynarrowerinmen.Mostartificialkneesweremodeledonthemaleanatomy—whichmayexplainwhykneereplacementsinwomenaren'tassuccessfulwhenmeasuredbyreportedpainanddo-overrates.Butwillthenew(andmoreexpensive)replacementactuallyservewomenbetter?"Intheory,yes,buttheevidenceisn'tthere,"saysKimberlyTempleton,anassociateprofessoroforthopedicsurgery(preventionorcorrectionofdisordersofthebonesandassociatedmusclesandjoints)attheUniversityofKansasMedicalCenterandaspokespersonfortheAmericanAcademyofOrthopedicSurgeons.SherylConley,Zimmer'schiefmarketingofficer,sayssevenstudiesnowunderwaywilllookatpatientsatisfactionandrangeofmotion.Preliminarydatawillbeavailableinayearorso.Anatomicaldifferencesaside,Templetonsays,replacementkneesmaynotperformwellinwomeninpartbecausefemalestendtodelaysurgery—sometimesuntilthey'reboundtothehousebydisability.Inaddition,it'snotclearthatthemanufacturer'sspecializeddesignwilltranslatetolesspain,saysStevenHaas,anorthopedicsurgeonandchiefofthekneeserviceattheHospitalforSpecialSurgeryinNewYork.Forexample,makingthefrontofthereplacementkneethinnerbyonetwenty-fifthofaninchwon'tnecessarilymakeanoticeabledifferencetorecipients.Havingacorrectlyfitteddeviceisclearlyimportant,saysHaas,whonotesthatothercompanieshavemodifiedtheirsmallerkneestoaccountforgenderdifferencesinanatomy.(HaashasconsultedwithSmith&Nephew,arivaltoZimmer.)Moreimportant,saysHaas,istofindaskillfulsurgeon.Differencesbetweenimplants,heargues,arerelativelyminorcomparedtothetechniqueofthesurgeonputtingthemin.21、Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A、Alotofproductsaredesignedandmanufacturedspecificallyformen.B、ItisunclearwhethertheGenderKneewillhelpitsmakermoresuccessful.C、ItisclearthattheGenderKneewillmakeitsmakersuffergreatlosses.D、Itisclearthatthefirstartificialjointcreatedforfemalesrepresentsagiantleap.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。第一段第三句it’stoo…to“太……而不能”結(jié)構(gòu)表明，“女性膝蓋”是否會(huì)在市場(chǎng)上取得成功，現(xiàn)在還言之過早，故B項(xiàng)正確。22、AccordingtoParagraph2,kneereplacementsinwomenhaven’tachievedgreatsuccessinthat_____.A、womenhavethinnerkneecaporpatellathanthatofmenB、women’swiderhipsmaketheartificialkneepulledtothesideC、artificialkneesaredesignedbasedonthefeaturesofmen’sbodyD、womenhavewiderendofthethighbonethanthatofmen標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問原因，尋找答案時(shí)要特別留意why或because等字眼。第二段第四句why表明原因：女性膝關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)的成功率比男性低是因?yàn)榇蟛糠值娜嗽煜ドw都是依照男性的骨骼構(gòu)造制作的，故C項(xiàng)正確。23、TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldKimberlyTempletonmostlikelyagree?A、Thenewkneereplacementwillservewomenbetterclinically.B、Theunderperformanceofreplacementkneesmaybefoundinwomen.C、Womensometimesmayrefusetoreceivethekneereplacementsurgery.D、Thereplacementkneesmakeagoodperformanceinwomen.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。KimberlyTempleton在第三段說了很多話，其中第五句提到，女性實(shí)施膝關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)效果不佳(maynotperformwell)，由此判斷，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。24、TheexampleofthechangeofreplacementkneecitedinParagraph4showsthat_____.A、thenewreplacementkneemayormaynotrelievethepainB、thefrontofreplacementkneewillbemadethinneralittlebitC、thechangeofreplacementkneewon’tbringchangestotherecipientsD、thenewreplacementkneeisofgreatimportancetotherecipients標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。舉例一般是為了說明某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。第四段第一句的觀點(diǎn)是：尚不能確定這款新設(shè)計(jì)是否能夠減輕患者的疼痛感，隨后第二句舉例論證該觀點(diǎn)，可見A項(xiàng)與題意相符。25、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?A、TheDifferenceofMenandWomeninKneesB、TheImportanceoftheTechniqueoftheKneeSurgeonC、ANewKneeBuiltforWomenOnlyD、TheProspectofGenderKnee標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨大意題。從全文大意、第一段、最后一段可以推斷出，全文圍繞這種專門為女性所設(shè)計(jì)的膝蓋展開討論，故C項(xiàng)與之相符?？佳杏⒄Z（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)You'veheardit100timesalready,andit'samessagethatweatScienceCareersworkhardtoconvey:Carefulplanningisessentialforasuccessfulcareerinscience.Becomingascientistrequiresyearsoftrainingandalongseriesofgooddecisions.ChoosingaPh.D.supervisorwhowillsupportyou,pickingagoodlabforyourpostdoc,decidingwhichresearchprojectstopursue,decidingwhethertostayinyourcurrentpositionandfinishsomeimportantworkortomoveontoanotherexcitingopportunity—suchdecisionsshouldnotbemadewithoutcarefuldeliberation.Yetsometimeseventhemostmotivatedofscientistsintrainingareledastraybysomeotherpassion.Andtheresult,sometimes,canbewonderful.Accidents,spontaneousactsofpassion,decisionstakencasually—allcanleadtototallynewandunexpectedcareers,fullofnewandunexpectedchallenges,offeringgreatprofessionalandpersonalsatisfaction.AsScienceCareerscontributingeditorElisabethPainreports,AngeloVermeulenisoneofthosechildrenwhowasborntobecomearesearcher."Iwaslikethesciencekidoftheclass.Ihadmyownlab,withamicroscopeandchemicalsandbinoculars,andImadethesewalksinnature,collectingsamples,"hesaysin"TheItinerantArtist".Buthealsohadatalentforthevisualandconceptualarts,andashedidhisPh.D.inbiologyattheUniversityofLeuven,healsolearnedphotography.Yearslater,Vermeulenhasreconciledhisdualinterests,producingartthatoftenincorporatesscience.JorgeChamwasenrolledinthemaster'sprograminmechanicalengineeringatStanfordUniversitywhenthestudentnewspaper,TheStanfordDaily,putoutacallseekingideasforanewcomicstrip,ScienceinternSaraCoehlowritesin"PiledHigherandDeeper:TheEverydayLifeofaGradStudent."Afterdiscussingsomeideaswithfriendsoverdinner,Cham,whousedtodoodleasachildbuthadnevertriedcartooning,proposedacomicstripaboutagroupofoverworked,underpaid,procrastinatinggraduatestudentsandtheirterrifyingadvisers.PiledHigherandDeeper,orPHD,hasgoneontobecomeacultcartoonandChamaprofessionalcartoonist.Sometimesalate-bloomingpassioncanleadtoafull-timecareer.JeffMangahas,whostudiedplantandmolecularbiologyattheUniversityofWashingtonandbecameatechnicianinacancerlab,foundhisinterestinwineincreasing.Soon,"theromanticsideofwinetookholdofme,"Mangahassays.Atranscendentwine-drinkingexperiencedrewhimintothewinemakingfield.1、Thefirstparagraphmainlymeansto______.A、provethatpeopleshouldquitdoingordinaryworktograbnewopportunitiesB、explainwhypeoplehaveheardthesayingforsomanytimesC、statethatsuccessfulscientificcareerneedsthoroughconsiderationD、demonstratethatpickingagoodlabisofgreatsignificancetoone’spostdoc標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬段落大意題。本段第一句就指出了本段的核心觀點(diǎn)，并在接下來的內(nèi)容中舉例進(jìn)行說明，由此可知選項(xiàng)C符合題意，故正確。選項(xiàng)A屬于無中生有，文中并未給出該如何做選擇，故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)B同樣是無中生有，原文只是用夸張(100次)的手法來說明這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的普遍性，而不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，更不是對(duì)此的解釋，故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)D屬于以偏概全，事實(shí)確實(shí)如此，但不是段落的主要內(nèi)容，只是一個(gè)例子，故錯(cuò)誤。2、WecaninferfromParagraph3and4that______.A、aneditorofthemagazineismeanttobecomeascientistB、Angelodidn’tshowhisartistictalentasayoungboyC、Jorgedidn’tdreamofbeingacartoonistsincelittleD、peoplearewastingtheirtimebyreadingPHD標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬信息推斷題。選項(xiàng)A犯了偷梁換柱的錯(cuò)誤，這本雜志的特約編輯介紹了一個(gè)人，這個(gè)人才是天生的研究者，而非這名編輯，故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)B屬于曲解文意，文章提到了Vermeulen很早就有了藝術(shù)天賦，故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)D犯了無中生有的錯(cuò)誤，作者并未評(píng)價(jià)這部漫畫是否值得看，故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)C符合原文，Cham的經(jīng)歷就是一次機(jī)緣巧合，故正確。3、TheunderlinedwordinParagraph3refersto______.A、chosenfromB、givenupC、madepreferencebetweenD、achievedaccordancebetween標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬詞義推斷題。想要理解考查詞的含義就需要仔細(xì)閱讀上下文?？疾樵~所在句的后半句正是對(duì)前半句的解釋說明，意思是進(jìn)行與科學(xué)相關(guān)的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作，因此可知Vermeulen是將藝術(shù)和科學(xué)融合到了一起，使兩者和諧共存，故選項(xiàng)D正確。選項(xiàng)A(從二者中選擇)，選項(xiàng)B(放棄)，選項(xiàng)C(在二者間更傾向于)顯然都不符合原文意思，故均錯(cuò)誤。4、BymentioningthecaseofJeffMangahas,theauthorintendsto______.A、statethatworkinginthelabistooboredtotolerateB、provethatevenlatepassioncanalterone’scareerpathC、advocatethatmorepeopleshouldstepintothewinemakingfieldD、demonstratehowJeffwasattractedtothewinebusiness標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬邏輯關(guān)系題。仔細(xì)閱讀題目所在段可知只有第一句是觀點(diǎn)性的表達(dá)，其他都是對(duì)這個(gè)例子內(nèi)容的陳述，因此可知作者就是為了說明第一句的觀點(diǎn)，故選項(xiàng)B符合題意。選項(xiàng)A和C屬于無中生有，作者根本未表達(dá)出這層含義，故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)D屬于答非所問，并非作者意圖，故錯(cuò)誤。5、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A、Followinginstinctmayleadtogoodresultssometimes.B、Mechanicalengineershavethetalenttomakecomicstrips.C、Oneshouldfollowstrictlytheplantomakeachievementsinscience.D、TheromanticsideofAngeloisthedecisivefactorincareerchoosing.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)B犯了以偏概全的錯(cuò)誤，Jorge的例子不能證明所有的動(dòng)力工程師都具有畫漫畫的天賦，故錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)D犯了移花接木的錯(cuò)誤，是將不同部分的內(nèi)容拼湊而成，故錯(cuò)誤。文章并未強(qiáng)調(diào)一定要遵照計(jì)劃，反而提到一些轉(zhuǎn)變可能會(huì)帶來意想不到的成功，故選項(xiàng)A正確，而選項(xiàng)C曲解了作者本意。Theriseofglobalization,bothaneconomicandculturaltrendthathassweptthroughouttheworld,hasforgednewgroundasweenterthe21stcentury.Butaretheeffectsofglobalizationalwayspositive?Somesayno.MichaelTenet,headoftheInternationalInstituteforForeignRelationsinAtlanta,isworriedaboutcurrentresentmentthroughouttheworldtowardstheriseofglobalization."Eversincethe1980sandtheeconomiccollapseoftheAsianTigersinthelate1990s,therehasbeenareevaluationoftheroleglobalizationasaforceforgood,"hesaid."Incomesinmanycountriesplummetedandthegapbetweenthemostrichandthemostpoorhasbeenexacerbated.Withoutfurtherinterventionbygovernments,wecouldseeatragedyexpressedinanincreasedlevelofpovertythroughoutLatinAmericaandAsia."GeorgeFrank,aninfluentialeconomistw