語法專題十六、主謂一致

重考是精講

主謂一致是指句子的謂語動詞和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致.有三條原則：

1.語法一致原則2.意義一致的原則3.就近原則

考點一、語法一致原則

是指主語和謂語動詞在語法形式上保持一致.即主語為單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;主語為復(fù)

數(shù),謂語動詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式.

1、主語是不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)、單數(shù)代詞、不定式、動詞-ing形式、從句等，謂語

動詞用單數(shù).

>Coffeeismorepopularinwesterncountries.

2、主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)代詞、謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.如：

>Someboysareplayinginthepark.

3、由and或both.,.and來連接并列主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).例如：

>Swimmingandwalkingaregoodexercises.

［注意］1）但是,并列主語如果表示同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式

（這時and后的名詞前沒有冠詞）.例如：

>TheirteacherandfriendisMr.Li.

2）由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別被no,each,every或manya,morethanone修

飾時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.例如：

AInourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.

AManyastudentishavingpracticeinthatfactory.

4、如果主語后面跟有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,like,but,

except,besides,including,nolessthan,ratherthan,asmuchas,morethan,in

additionto等時，謂語動詞的數(shù)和主語保持一致.

》AnEnglishteachertogetherwithsomestudentshasclimbedthemountain.

AMaryaswellasherfriendslikesthispainting.

5、"anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；"Thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名

詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.例如：

AAlargenumberofbuildingswereburntdown.

>Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolis2500.

6、oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+謂語動詞單數(shù)”表示".....之一”.

>OneofmypenfriendsisfromBeijing.

7、noneof后面只能跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可.如；

ANoneofthosebooksis/aregood.

8、由one,eachother,everyone,each...and...作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù).

>Eachofushasamathbook.

9、由some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞和不定代詞either/neither+of+n.作主語

時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).

>Everyoneknowssmokingcigarettesisbadforhealth.

>Neitherofthetwocomputersischeap.

10、在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等作主語時,其謂語動詞的數(shù),應(yīng)與句中先行詞

的數(shù)一致.例如：

>Itsoundedlikeatrainwhich/thatwasgoingundermyhouse.

11、由〃分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of+名詞（或代詞）”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與。f后

面的名詞（短語）保持一致.例如：

ATwothirdsofthecountryisdryordesert.

>30percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.

12、glasses,pants,trousers,shorts,jeans,chopsticks,shoes,gloves等名詞作

主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但如果前有“akindof,或this/thatkindof,aseries

（aspecies）of,apairof等+名詞”構(gòu)成謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式.例如：

AThiskindofmenisdangerous.

考點二、意義一致原則,是指謂語動詞形式要與主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致.

1、以集體名詞army,class,enemy,family,government,group,team,

crew,crowd,public等集體名詞作主語時,謂語應(yīng)視其情況而用不同形式：當(dāng)作主語被看作

一個整體時,謂語用單數(shù),如果被看成是其中的個體成員時,謂語就用復(fù)數(shù).如：

AOurclassisbetterthananyotherclassesatplayingbasketballinour

school.

AOurclassareplayingabasketballmatchtomorrow.

2、表示總稱意義形單意復(fù)的名詞，如people,police,cattle等，作復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語在任何

情況下都用復(fù)數(shù).而有些名詞如news,politics等以-s結(jié)尾，但表示單數(shù)意義,謂語動詞用單

數(shù).

［注意］population單獨使用作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；而前面有some,most或與分數(shù)、

百分數(shù)連用作主語時,則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.例如：

>Mostofthepopulationofthecityareworkers.這個城市人口的大多數(shù)是工人.

>Thepopulationinourcountryisverylarge,andeightypercentofthe

populationarefarmers.

3、當(dāng)表示時間、金錢、距離、重量、長度、價值等數(shù)詞短語作主語,根據(jù)意義一致原則，

通常被看作一個整體,其謂語用單數(shù).如：

>Twentyyearsisalongtimetous.對于我們來說,20年是一段很長的時間.

>Onethousandpoundsisalotofmoney.——千英鎊是彳艮大——筆錢.

4、如果主語由〃the+形容詞”擔(dān)任時，往往根據(jù)意義一致原則，來決定謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)

形式.表示一類人時,謂語動用復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果指個人或抽象概念時,則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.

>Theoldistakengoodcareofinourcountry.在我們國家老人受到很好的照顧.

>Thesickisoneofthestudentsinourclass.那位病人是我們班的一個學(xué)生.

5、〃the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”表示〃一家人或夫婦二人”.做主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.

6、當(dāng)一些有兩部分構(gòu)成的表示衣物或工具的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如

glasses,trousers（褲子），shoes,chopsticks（筷子），goods（貨物），scissors（剪

刀），socks,compasses（圓規(guī)），但如果這些名詞前有apairof,等量詞修飾時，（clothes被

修飾asuitof）,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式.例如：

>Yourtrousersneedwashing.你的褲子該洗了.

>Myglassesarenew.我的眼鏡是新的.

>Apairofnewshoesisinyoursuitcase.一雙新鞋在你的手提箱里.

三、就近一致原則，即謂語動詞的數(shù)隨最近的主語而定,又稱為毗鄰一致原則.

1當(dāng)or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...but

also...,not...but....,whether...or...等連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于

最靠近于它的名詞或代詞.

>EitheryouorLilyistodothecleaningaftersupper.

ANotonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenwerethere.

2、在therebe或herebe句型,主語不止一個時,謂語動詞與最鄰近的一個主語保持一致.

>Thereisadeskatableandthreechairsintheroom.

考點精練

中考語法一主謂一致專項練習(xí)

（共計50小題,每小題2分，總分100分.）

1.EachofusWeChat（微信）nowadays,eventheoldpeople.

A.playsB.playC.playingD.played

2.Herearesomeforyoutoread.

A.milkB.teaC.books

3.1Tom,what'syourdaddoing?

——Hemybike.

A.repairB.repairsc.isrepairingD.willrepair

4.Aftertheboy'shomeworkhewentouttoplay.

A.finishedB.finishesC.wasfinishedD.isfinished

5.Everyone_______here.Let'sgo.

A.amB.areC.is

6.NotonlySambutalsohisparents—_________comingtoChinasoon.

A.isB.areC.were

7.Thesurveyonthechildrenthatmorethanfivesi

xthsoftheminterestedinscience?booksbecausethey

seemsalittleboring.

A.show;isB.shows;areC.shows;isD.show;are

8.Withtheintroductionofthezzdoublereduction77policy（雙減政策），one

ofthethatthestudentshavelesshomework.

A.changes;isB.change;isC.changes;are

9.-Usingpublicchopsticksnecessarywheneatingwithothers.

-That'sright.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

10.-Hurryup,Jason!We'regoingtothecinema,buttheclothesstill

need.

-Don'tworry.Ithinkthirtyminutesenough.

A.washing;areB.towash;areC.towash;isD.washing;is

11.Somepeoplethinkoneofthemostusefulinventionsthe

smartphone.

A.areB.isC.wereD.be

12.There______twopeoplewaitingforyououtsidenow.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

13.IplantotraveltoAmericanextmonth,andIthink2000dollars

___enough.

A.wasB.areC.isD.were

14.Thezebraeatsgrass,butiteatmeat.

A.doesn，tB.didn，tC.don，t

15.Thenumberofthewhalessmallerandsmallerbecauseofhuman

activitiesnow.

A.wereB.wasc.isD.are

16.Look!Juliaaswellashersisters______akiteontheplayground.

A.flyB.fliesc.isflyingD.areflying

17.Freshwater__more!importantthananythingelse.

A.isB.arec.wasD.were

18.Volunteeringourtimetohelppeople______agoodwaytolearn

things.

A.amB.isC.are

19.—Susan,howmanywomenteachersarethereinyourschool?

一Inourschool,oftheteacherswomenteachers.

A.thirdfourth;areB.thirdfourth;is

C.threefourths;isD.threefourths;are

20.Onethousandkilometers______quitealongwaytotheancient,but

nowwecancompletethejourneyinaboutonehourbyair.

A.wasB.hadC.wereD.have

21.Helikehisbrother.

A.lookB.looksC.looking

22.Mid-AutumnDayusuallyonAugust15thinthelunarcalendar（陰

歷）everyyear.

A.comeB.comesC.iscomingD.willcome

23.Inthepastpeopledidn，tknowthatlightfaster

thansound.

A.travelsB.travelledC.travel

24.NotonlyPeterbutalsohisfathercrazyaboutthebasketball

match.

A.amB.isC.areD.be

25.Thispairofsockssoft.r11take

A.feel;itB.feels;itc.feels;them

26.ShewillflytoHaikouassoonasshethetask.

A.finishB.finishesc.finished

27.It'sreportedthatthestudentsinsomeschoolsofourcitya

PEclasseveryday.

A.takesB.takeC.tookD.aretaking

28.—DoyouenjoythesongssungbyJayChou?

一Ofcourse.NotonlyIbutalsomyparentshisfans.

A.amB.areC.wasD.were

29.Someoftheapplesarebad,butIbelievetherestsweet.

A.tasteB.tastesC.aretastedD.istasted

30.NotonlyJackbutalsoIcrazyaboutthefootballmatch.

A.amB.isC.areD.be

31.—Listen!Theresomeoneatthedoor.

一Itmustbeyoursister.

A.is;knockingB.is;knockC.are;knockingD.are;knock

32.—Whatthenumberofthestudentsinyourschool?

——Abouttwothousand.Anumberofthemfromthecountryside.

A.is;areB.is;isC.are;isD.are;are

33.—Whatwouldyouliketohaveforyourbirthday?

一Eithernoodlesorbread______OK.Idon，tmind.

A.amB.isC.areD.be

34.EverybodyexceptMikeandLinda_______

therewhenthemeetingbegan.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

35.一Whatdoyouthinkoftheenvironmenthere?

一Wonderful!________oftheland________

coveredwithtreesandgrass.

A.Twofifths;isB.Twofifth;isC.Twofifths;are

D.Twofifth;are

36.Lucy________Lilylikesinging.

A.Either,orB.Neither,nor

C.Notonly,butalsoD.Both,and

37.

MyfriendandIareinterestedindrawing,but________ofusis

goodatit.

A.neitherB.bothC.noneD.all

38.Doingeyeexercisesoneoftheusefulwaystoprotectoureyes

A.isB.areC.were

39.Thetwinsfondofthenewideainthemagazinearticle.

A.beB.amc.isD.are

40.Look,thesetofkeysontheteacher，sdesk.

A.areB.werec.isD.was

41.一What'sinthepictureonthewall?

一Thereateacherandsomestudentsplayingsoccerontheplayground.

A.hasB.areC.isD.have

42.BothKateandI______readyforthenewhighschoollife.

A.amB.isc.areD.be

43.Inourschoollibrarythereanumberofbooksandt

henumberofthemgrowinglargerandlarger.

A.is;areB.has;isc.are;isD.have;are

44.一Thenumberoftouristsover33millionthisyear.

——Ye