版本：新外研單元：必修Book1Unit1(Developingideas—Reflection)詞匯課堂本單元詞匯梳理1.award：詞塊win/get/gain/receiveanawardawardsbsth/awardsthtosb2.opportunity：詞塊take/seize/missanopportunity,anopportunitytodosth/for(doing)sth3.subscribe：詞塊subscribetoamagazine,subscribetotheview4.view：詞源：-vid-看見→view被看見的

同根詞：visit,vision,television

同族詞：view—viewer—review—preview—interview

詞塊：comeintoview,aseaview,inone’sview,fromone’spointofview5.former：詞塊theformer…thelatter6.graduate：構詞grad-(grade,步、級)

+-u-+-ate名詞詞尾→

在學業(yè)上完成某一步/某一級→畢業(yè)；

同根詞grade,gradual詞塊：graduatefromseniorhighschool/university熟詞生義：逐漸發(fā)展/升級為(Iquicklygraduatedfromtypicalchildren’sbookstooneswithfewerpicturesandlongerchapters.2020浙江)graduatev和n發(fā)音不同；派生詞graduation7.fright：fright+-en（使）

詞族fright—frighten—frightened—frighteningfrightened詞塊：befrightenedof;befrightenedtodeathfrightened同義詞：scared,afraid8.sight：意為“景點”時常用復數；sightseeing

詞塊in/outof(one’s)sight,loseone’ssight,atfirstsight,atthesightof,catchsightof,comeintosight,losesightof,setone’ssightson9.figure：一詞多義，基本義“形狀”

詞塊figureout;tradefigures,aleadingfigure10.select：精準的漢語釋義“精選”,carefullychoose

詞塊selectsb/sthforsth,selectsb/sthassth,selectsb/sthtodosth11.particular：詞塊inparticular;beparticularabout/over

派生詞particularly12.specific：詞塊aspecificgoal,bespecificto13.referto：一詞多義：談到，提到；查閱，參考；指的是14.keepajournal/diary15.struggle：詞塊strugglewith/against,strugglefor/todosth;it’sastruggleforsbtodosth16.memorise：memory+-ise（使）17.forward：詞塊lookforwardto(doing)sthn前鋒

v轉發(fā)，轉寄18.improve：詞源em-(進入，使)

+prou(利潤，收益)→使變成利潤、增加收入，原義為“有收益的；有用的”。后拼寫受prove影響俗化。引申詞義為“改進；改善”。

派生詞improvement；詞塊：improveon/upon19.rate：詞塊rate...as;birth/heartrate;ata…rate/speedof,atanyrate,first-rate/second-rate/third-rate20.perform：詞族perform—performance—performer;performance詞塊：give/putonaperformance;good/poor/badperformance21.exchange：ex-(out)+change

詞塊：exchangeviews/ideas,exchangesthwithsb,exchangesthforsth;anexchangestudent,inexchangefor,anexchangerate,foreignexchange分詞形容詞struggle搭配義graduatesightrefertoexchange一詞多義搭配義一詞多義搭配義一詞多義英語釋義一詞多義figure一詞多義opportunity搭配義view熟詞生義perform&performance一詞多義improve搭配義重難點詞精講opportunity智者創(chuàng)造機會,而不是等待機會?！ダ饰魉埂づ喔ダ饰魉埂づ喔‵rancisBacon，1561一1626），英國文藝復興時期散文家、哲學家。英國唯物主義哲學家，實驗科學的創(chuàng)始人，是近代歸納法的創(chuàng)始人，又是給科學研究程序進行邏輯組織化的先驅。主要著作有《新工具》、《論科學的增進》以及《學術的偉大復興》等。opportunityn[C]&[U]機會；時機(chance)：(a)rare/golden/perfectopportunitytake/seize/use/provide/missanopportunity(todosth)OrientationDayisafantasticopportunity

fornewstudentstogettoknowtheschoolandtheotherstudents.外研新必修①–1MayItakethisopportunitytothankyouforallyourhardwork.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglishspokenasmuchaswecan.2008江蘇Mealtimesareanexcellentopportunityforconversation.There’llbeplentyofopportunityforrelaxing/torelaxoncetheworkisdone.

[U]視野；視線theabilitytoseesthortobeseenfromaparticularplace：Therewasusuallynobodyinviewexceptsomesheepinthegrassland.Thelakecameintoviewasweturnedthecorner.Sitdown—you’reblockingmyview.view

n詞源：來自拉丁語videre,看，詞源同visit,evident。同根詞還有：visible,vision,video。

[C]風景；景色whatyoucanseefromaparticularplace：Whileclimbingthemountain,weenjoyedthewarmsunshineandabeautifulview.2008北京書面表達I’dlikearoomwithaseaview/acommandingview.側重表示從某處可看到的“遠景”，尤指從窗口、高處等看到的景色。

[C]觀點；看法anopinionorideaaboutsth(opinion)：JillandIhavedifferentviewson/aboutthesubject.Inmyview,playingcomputergamesisawasteoftime.Can’tyouseethingsfrommypointofview?Yourviewoflifeisdifferentfrommine.inviewof鑒于；考慮到：Inviewoftheweather,theeventwillbeheldindoors.onview在展出；展覽著：Thepaintingiscurrentlyonviewatthegallery.view語義網絡視覺view肉眼看到的范圍看到的景色對人或事物的看法

視野；視線

風景；景色

觀點；看法基本義人到物由外到內由

[正式用語]

看；觀看；觀賞：Thesemountainsareasplendidsightwhenviewedfromthevalleyfloor.

看待(see)：Weviewfilmasatypeofcontemporaryart.

viewern[C]

(電視)

觀眾；觀察者viewvt名詞動化由詞根view組成的詞：re+view=review(v）復習pre+view=preview(v）預習inter+view=interview(v）采訪；對……進行面試■v

vi

獲得學位；畢業(yè)：Hegraduatedinphysics

from

CambridgeUniversity.Hewasbornin1942inOxfordandgraduatedfromOxfordUniversity.

vt

使……畢業(yè)；授予……學位：Thecollegegraduated500studentslastyear.

vi

逐漸升級為：Iquicklygraduatedfromtypicalchildren’sbooksto

oneswithfewerpicturesandlongerchapters.2020浙江詞源：grad-(grade,步、級)+-u-+-ate名詞詞尾→在學業(yè)上完成某一步/某一級→畢業(yè)

graduategraduationn

[U]畢業(yè)：agraduationcertificate

Ayearaftergraduation,Iwasofferedapositionteachingawritingclass.

2011廣東

[U]&[C]畢業(yè)典禮：attendthegraduation

■n[C]學位獲得者；畢業(yè)生：agraduateschool

agraduateinmedicine/amedicinegraduateHe’sagraduateofHarvard.詞匯拓展

sight詞源sight來源于古英語動詞see，sight是其名詞形式，最初加名詞前綴th，后變成t→sight，即theactofsee。

[U]

視力；視覺：havegood/poorsightWhenShawlosthissight,hiswifesuggestedheapplyforaguidedog.

[U]

看見；瞥見：Justthesightofthemonstermadehergoallweak.

[U]

視域；眼界；視線：Iglancedaroundmequickly.Therewasnooneinsight.Sheneverletsherdaughteroutofhersight.

[C]

看見的事物；景象；情景：ThepracticeofhangingflagsisacommonsightinmanypartsofthecountryonNationalday.Thesemountainsareasplendidsightwhenviewedfromthevalleyfloor.

[復數]名勝；景點=placesofinterestsOverseasvisitorsareimpressedbythebeautifulsightsofBeijing.所見之物基本義sight看見的能力看見的行為看見的范圍看見的事物看見的名勝古跡視力；視覺看見；瞥見視域；眼界；視線景象；情景名勝；景點sight語義網絡圖atfirstsight一見(就)；乍一看：Atfirstsight,thereisnothingspecialaboutthewatch,butinfactitisamobilephone.atthesightof一看見：Somepeoplewillfaintatthesightofblood.‘catchsightof看見；發(fā)現：Suddenly,IcaughtsightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.comeintosight進入視線；映入眼簾：Astheplanecamedownthroughtheclouds,greenfieldsandwhitehousescameintosight.losesightof看不見；忽略；忘記：Ilostsightofhiminthecrowd.setone’ssightson以…為奮斗目標：TheplayersaidthathehadsethissightsonwinningthechampionshipinthecomingOlympics.sight的搭配figure的前世今生在《圣經》中，亞當和夏娃偷吃了禁果之后，有了羞恥感，于是夏娃就想找個樹葉子來遮擋自己的身體。柳樹葉子太小，梧桐葉子又太大，身邊正好有無花果（fig）樹，就摘了無花果的葉子作為貼身短衣。

因為fig是用來遮擋身體形狀的，所以figure的含義引申為“形狀”。

[常用復數]數字；位數；算術：thelatesttradefigures

haveaheadforfiguresHegotajob,earningclosetosixfigures.

(尤指女性的)體形/身材/身影：atallfigureinblackEverywomanwantsaslimfigurethesedays.figuren

人物；人士apersonwhoisimportantorfamous：apublic/aleading/anauthorityfigure

畫像；塑像：abronzefigureofahorse

圖表；圖形：SeeFigure1.Atriangleisathree-sidedfigure.figurev

vi

是重要部分；是……的部分tobeanimportantpartofsth

：Myfeelingaboutthematterdidn’tseemtofigureatall.

vt

[非正式用語]認為；估計tothinkorguesssth

：Fromthewayhebehaved,I

figured(that)

hewasdrunk.

vt(AmE)計算：I’mjustfiguringmyexpenses.figureout弄清楚；弄明白；計算出：Icouldn’tfigureoutwhatIhaddonetoannoymyboss.

Haveyoufiguredouthowmuchthetripwillcost?

2012福建詞源：有了羞恥感的亞當和夏娃“認為”遮擋身體很重要，所以figure又引申出“是重要部分、是……的部分”的意思。figure語義網絡圖形狀figuren(基本義)“數字”的形狀數字體型；身材；身影人物；人士畫像；塑像位數算術圖表圖形“人或動物”的形狀“幾何圖形”的形狀是重要部分；是……的部分認為；估計計算

n

vselect玩游戲的時候，你曾為“挑選”角色苦惱過嗎？挑選又如何表達呢？IwanttoreadanEnglishbook,butIcan’tchoosetherightone.Thecoachhasnotchosenmetoplayinthefootballteam.SummerActivitiesStudentsshouldreadthelistwiththeirparents,andselecttwoactivitiestheywouldliketodo.2018全國

Selectsomethingaroundyouthatyousharewiththeotherperson.

2015安徽讀下面的句子，體會choose和select的區(qū)別：IneverydayEnglish,peopleusuallysaychooseratherthanselect.

selectvt

(經過認真思考而)挑選；精選

tochoosesb/sth,usuallycarefully,fromanumberofsimilarthings：Heselectedamobilephoneforpersonaluse.①selectsb/sthforsth:Hehadhopesofbeingselectedforthenationalteam.②selectsb/sthassth:MrClarkwasselectedastheBestTeacheroftheYear.③selectsb/sthtodosth:He’stheonlystudentintheclassthathasbeenselectedtotakepartintheModelUnitedNationsconference.

2014

湖北辨

select,choose,pick三者都有“選擇”之意。select

指“精選”，是基于要求從同類的許多事物或人中仔細辨別后選出最合適的。select比choose更正式。choose

指挑選自己喜歡的人或物；決定或更喜歡做某事。choose泛指選擇，可不帶賓語。Youchoose—Ican’tdecide.你來選，我決定不了。pick指從一群人或一組事物中選出一個或一些，可泛指選擇，口語用詞。choosetodocan’tchoosebutdosthchoosefrompickoutpickone’swords詞匯拓展

selectiveadj慎重選擇的；精挑細選的

selectionn[U]&[C]可選之人或物；選集：makeaselectionSelectionsFromCharlesDickens《狄更斯選集》閱讀理解中隨處可見的refertoWhatdoestheunderlinedword“stumble”inparagraph2referto?

（2019全國卷I閱讀B篇）Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto?

（2018浙江

閱讀B篇）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3refer

to?

(2017全國卷II閱讀D篇)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2refer

to?

(2016全國卷II閱讀C篇)

referto指的是詞源：re-(back)+fer(carry)，即為“帶回來”。Whenonethingreferstoanother,onemeaningcarriesbacktotheother—there’ssomekindofrelation.因此，referto的基本義是“使……聯系”。32refer(...)to

談到；提到(mention):Thescientistreferredtoglobalwarmingatleastthreetimesinhisspeech.

查閱；參考：WhilegivingtheEnglishspeech,oneisnotallowedtorefertothenotes.referv

指的是

todescribeorbeconnectedtosb/sth：Thewordbusinessalsoreferstoanorganizationthatprovidesgoodsandservices.

2013全國

把……提交給；把……委托給：Mycolleaguesaidthatasthesituationwasunusualhewouldrefer

themattertohiseditor.33使聯系(torelate)referto在演講、說話時聯系到某人、某物為獲取信息聯系某物描述人或事物的聯系和專業(yè)人士等聯系查閱；參考指的是把……提交給；把……委托給談到；提到referto語義網絡圖34struggle35■n[C]斗爭；奮斗；難事：The

strugglefor

freedomwaslongandhard.

It

wasastruggleforher

tomakehimunderstand.struggle■vi

(與某人)搏斗；斗爭；掙扎：astrugglingartist2020全國struggletoone’sfeet/struggleone’swayto①

strugglewith/against:Hehasbeenstrugglingwithillnessforyears.36②strugglefor/todosth:struggleforfreedom/independence/humanrights

Manyofthefamilieswerestrugglingtomakeendsmeet.2020山東改improvetheenvironmentHishealthisimproving.Wehadbetteraskourteachersorclassmatesforadviceonhowtoimproveourwriting.2009福建improveon/upon對……做出改進；做得比……更好：Lilyhasscored98inthemathstest,andIdon’tthinkanyonewillimproveonthat.詞匯拓展improvementn[U]&[C]改良；改善；改進處improve詞源：em-(進入、使)

+prou(利潤、收益)→使變成利潤、增加收入，詞源義為“有收益的；有用的”。后拼寫受prove影響俗化。引申詞義“改進；改善”。vt&vi

改善；提高：perform&performance

“ABuddismgodnessGuanyinBodhisattva”istheChinesenationalculturalheritageofmankind.Itis______(perform)bydisabled_______(perform).The________(perform)movedthewholeChina.performedperformersperformance

vt

做；履行；執(zhí)行todosth,especiallysthdifficultoruseful

(carryout)：performanexperiment/anoperation/a

miracleYoushouldperform

yourduties/promise.

vt&vi表演；演出：I’veneverseenaShakespeare’splayperformedsowonderfully.

vi

表現；運轉：Hewasdisappointedbecausehehadnotperformedwellinthe1988SeoulOlympics.Themachineisperformingverypoorly.perform

v

學術詞匯日常英語中更常用carryout做（基本義）做；履行；執(zhí)行表演；演出做演出之類的事情（人）做事情（人）表現；運轉perform語義網絡人做事情/機器運作的結果由具象到抽象

[C]表演；演出：givealiveperformanceputonaperformanceofHamlet

[C]&[U]表現；業(yè)績：academicperformanceMygoodperformanceinthejobinterviewleftmeoptimisticaboutmyfuture.

2014

安徽Hecriticizedtherecentpoorperformanceofthecompany.performance

n

performer

n[C]

表演者；執(zhí)行者exchange的詞源義是“actofreciprocalgivingandreceiving”。它是由前綴

ex-(out)和

change組成，可以理解為“拿……出去換成……”，其基本義是“交換”。在原始社會，人們“物物交換”，交換自己所需要的物資。但是有時候受到用于交換的物資種類的限制，不得不尋找一種能夠為交換雙方都能夠接受的物品，這種物品就是最原始的貨幣。隨著商品生產和交易量逐漸增大，商人們?yōu)榱苏勆饩捅仨毶潭ㄒ粋€固定的地點定期會見，就產生了“交易所”。expressexplain表達解釋ex-意為“out向外”ex-+change=？exchange■n

[C]&[U]交換；交流：anexchangestudentWouldyoulikemyoldTVinexchangeforthiscamera?

[C](商品的)調換：Thestore’spolicyisnottoallowreturnsorexchanges.foreignexchange

[U](貨幣的)兌換：

[C]交易所：NewYorkStockExchange人與人或物與物之間的“交換”商品之間的“交換”貨幣之間的“交換”exchange語義網絡圖交換；交流(商品的)調換

(貨幣的)兌換交易所nv交換；交流更換；兌換交換基本義exchange“交換”的場所

交換；交流：exchangeviews/ideasBeforegraduation,studentsexchange

presents

with

eachother.■vt“交換”時與with搭配“更換”時與for搭配

更換；兌換(change)：I’dliketoexchange

thisdressforoneinalargersize.Youcanexchange

yourcurrencyfor

dollarsinthehotel.

拓展

這是特朗普和希拉里在2016年競選美國總統(tǒng)時的情形。據說這是美國史上最沒底線的總統(tǒng)大選辯論。Why?因為TrumpandClintonexchangedheavilyinpersonalattacks.exchange的意義由交換具體的人或物到交換抽象的東西如思想或信息的轉變。如果雙方心平氣和地交換思想或信息，可稱為“交流”。如果雙方怒氣沖沖地交換的內容是人身攻擊(personalattacks)，嚴肅的說法是“爭論”，通俗的說法是“互撕”。frightenedadj

受驚的；害怕的afraid;feelingfear：Frightenedchildrenwerecallingfortheirmothers.befrightenedof(doing)sth:Areyoufrightenedofthunder?

I’mfrightenedofwalkinghomealoneatmidnight.【分詞形容詞】frighteningadj

令人害怕的；嚇人的makingyoufeelafraid

：afrighteningexperience/thought用括號內單詞的適當形式填空，體會分詞形容詞。1.Thisstoryis_________(interest)andfunforthewholefamilytoenjoy.(2014全國)2.I’mreally________(interest)inthispositionandhopeIcanworkforyou.(2014遼寧)3.Theysayit’s_______(bore)tohearthesamesongsallthetime.4._______(bore)withlifeinthecity,hemovedtoavillage.5.Startinguniversitycanbeexciting,andcanalsobe_______(worry).5.Shewasvery_______(worry)abouthersickmother.interestedinterestingBoredboringworriedworrying分詞形容詞：很多動詞的-ing分詞和-ed分詞已經成為獨立詞條的形容詞，甚至有些分詞形容詞比其動詞形式更為常用。例如：interested/interesting,excited/exciting,bored/boring,surprised/surprising,worried/worrying,tired/tiring,frightened/freighting將上面的分詞形容詞分類：

表示人的感受：

表示人/物給人帶來的感受：interested,excited,bored,worried,tired,frightenedinteresting,exciting,boring,worrying,tiring,frightening隨堂檢測一、根據所給漢語及提示，用opportunity的詞塊完成下列句子。1.Gamesandsongsprovidethe_________________

(理想的機會)forclassroominteractionandlanguagedevelopment.2.There’llbeplentyof___________________________________________(放松的機會)oncetheworkisdone.3.Weshould_____________________

(抓住每次機會)towidenourexperience.二、根據所給提示，將下列句子譯成英語。1.為了學好英語，我們應該找機會盡量多聽英語。(opportunity)______________________________________________________________2.我要借此機會對你們的辛勤工作表示感謝。(taketheopportunitytodosth)______________________________________________________________opportunity(an)opportunity/opportunitiesforrelaxing/torelaxperfectopportunityseizeeveryopportunityTolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglishspokenasmuchaswecan.Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytothankyouforallyourhardwork.一、寫出下列句子中view的漢語釋義。1.Igotaplacenexttothewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.(2014全國) __________2.Doyouagreewiththegrandfather’sviewonlife?(2015天津)__________3.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable.(2016全國) __________4.Onthesesites,astudentcanviewnumerousphotosandartpiecesfromdifferentmediums.(2011湖南) __________5.Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgewecannotgetfrombooks.(2016全國) __________視野；視線視作看；觀看觀點眼界view二、寫出下列短語的英語形式。1.擋住某人的視線___________________2.映入眼簾__________________3.人生觀___________________4.鑒于；考慮到___________________三、將下列句子譯成英語。1.關于這個話題，我們有不同的觀點。Wehave______________________thesubject.2.在我看來，人和人之間沒有什么差別。_____________________________,thereisnodifferencebetweenonepersonandanother.blocksb’sviewcomeintoviewviewoflifeinviewofdifferentviewson/aboutFrommypointofview/Inmyviewgraduate在空白處填入1個適當單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。

1.Iwaslucky:Ibecameapilotin1970,almosttenyearsbeforeIgraduated_________medicalschool.(2013全國)2.After_________(graduate),sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.(2020山東)3.Likemanynew_________(graduate),IleftuniversityfullofhopeforthefuturebutwithnorealideaofwhatIwantedtodo.(2014廣東)fromgraduationgraduates翻譯下列詞塊。1.喪失視力________________________

2.一見鐘情/一見傾心

________________________

3.相看兩生厭

________________________

4.出現在視線中________________________

5.一副慘兮兮的樣子________________________6.壯觀的景象________________________

sightlosesb’ssightloveatfirstsightcan’tstandthesightofsbcomeintosightasorry/pitifulsightanimpressive/asplendidsightfigure一、根據句意寫出figure的漢語釋義。__________1.AsformyfavoritefigureinChinesehistory,itmustbeWeiYuan,agreatthinkerinthelateQingDynasty.(2016北京書面表達)__________2.Thewayyoudesignyourhomemayhaveaneffectonyour

figure.(2015全國)__________3.It’simportantforthefigures

tobeupdatedregularly.(2011北京)人物身材數字

二、完成句子。1.___________________________(當一名公眾人物)todayisalotmoredifficultthanitusedtobe.(2013北京)2.Inorderto___________________________(有一個好身材),mostwomentryeverythingtoloseweight.Beingapublicfigurehaveagoodfigure58用所給單詞或詞塊的正確形式替換畫線部分，使句意保持不變。1.Inhisspeech,hereferredto

arecenttriptoCanada. __________2.Whenyoumeetwithanewword,youcanreferto

adictionary. __________3.Theterm“multitasking”referred

to

acomputer’sabilitytocarryoutseveraltasksatonetime.

_________mentionedlookitupinmeantmean,lookitupin,mentionreferto一、在空白處填入1個適當單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。

1.Itwasarealstruggle___________(be)readyontime.2.Indiaattainedindependencein1947,after_________longstruggle.(2013全國)3.Manystudentswillstruggle_________(find)asenseofbelongingafterenteringcollege.(2016北京改)4.Likeitornot,ouradultliveswillbeconsumedbythestruggle_________money.(2011安徽閱讀)5.Hishandstellthestoryofhislifeasafarmer,includingallhis_________(struggle).(2013天津完形)atobetofindstruggleforstruggles60二、翻譯下列句子。1.In1862theAmericanslaveswontheirstruggleforfreedom.

________________________________________________2.Itwasahardstruggletogetmyworkdoneintime.

_________