^7

Anunsungheroofvaccines

相^^隹

大約三百年前，瑪麗?沃特利?蒙塔古夫人給她的女兒接種了天花疫苗，使她

的孩子成為西方第一個(gè)得到疫苗保護(hù)的人。她的一系列付出為疫苗的應(yīng)用及推

廣鋪平了道路。

1Aboutthreehundredyearsago,LadyMaryWortleyMontagugother

daughterinoculated（接種）againstsmallpox（天花），makingherchildthefirst

personintheWesttobeprotectedinthisway.WithoutMontagu'swillingnessto

adoptapracticeshehadlearnedfromothercultures,theintroductionofvaccines

wouldneverhavetakenplace.

2Montagufirstwitnessedinoculationwhensheaccompaniedherhusbandto

Turkeyin1717.InoculationhadstartedinAsia,probablyinChina,asearlyasthe

10thcenturyAD.MontaguobservedhowolderwomeninTurkeytookatiny

amountofpus（膿）fromapersonwithsmallpox.Theythenusedneedlestomake

cutsonpeopleswristsandanklesandaddedthepustotheirbloodstream.This

helpedpeoplegainimmunity（免疫力）againstfutureinfection.

3Likeothervisitorstothecountry,Montagutookstepstoensurethatherson

wasinoculatedinTurkey.Thisworkedwell,butsheknewthattryingitinEngland

wouldbefarmorechallenging.Inoculationperformedbyunlicensedamateurs

wouldthreatendoctor/sprofessionalstandingandpotentiallyrobthemofvaluable

income.Churchmenalsodisagreewiththepractice,astheysawitasgoingagainst

nature.

4BackinEngland,Montaguobservedtheincreasedseverityofsmallpox

infection.Eventually,inApril1721,shedecidedtousetheTurkishpracticeto

haveherdaughterinoculated,becauseshebelievedthattherewardswould

outweightherisks.Afterasafetimehadpassedfollowingtheinoculation,

Montagualloweddoctorstoexamineherdaughter.

5DoctorsinBritaingraduallyacceptedthepractice.Yearslater,apioneering

physicianfoundsmallpoxvaccinestodestroysmallpoxcompletely.Asearlyaslast

century,academicsarguedthatMontaguwasnomorethananenthusiastic

amateur.Intruth,shemadeavitalscientificcontributiontowardsfindingthecure

forsmallpox.

[Reading][Check]

1.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theoriginofsmallpoxinoculation.

B.Montagu'sfirstaccesstoinoculation.

C.Thebenefitsofsmallpoxinoculation.

D.Turkishwomen/sinventionofinoculation.

2.MontagufounditdifficulttotryinoculationinEnglandbecause.

A.itwasagainsthumannature

B.itmightharmdoctorsinterests

C.itwasbeyonddoctorsabilities

D.itmightshakechurchmen/sbelief

3.WhatleddoctorsinBritaintoacceptinoculation?

A.Theincreasedseverityofsmallpoxinfection.

B.Aphysician'sdiscoveryofsmallpoxvaccines.

C.TheresultofMontagu'sdaughter/sinoculation.

D.Montagu/sfocusonitsrewardsratherthanitsrisks.

4.WhatcanbestdescribeMontaguaccordingtothetext?

A.Boldandenergetic.B.Creativeandlearned.

C.Positiveandcautious.D.Braveanddedicated.

1.Threehundredyearsago,LadyMaryWortleyMontagugotherdaughter

inoculatedagainstsmallpox,makingherchildthefirstpersonintheWesttobe

protectedinthisway.三百年前，瑪麗?沃特利?蒙塔古夫人給她的女兒接種了天

花疫苗，使她的孩子成為西方第一個(gè)以這種方式得到保護(hù)的人。

【點(diǎn)石成金】本句中，gotherdaughte門noculated為"get+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)”,

當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，使用過(guò)去分詞形式。句中的makingherchildthe

firstpersonintheWesttobeprotectedinthisway為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。

2.WithoutMontagu/swillingnesstoadoptapracticeshehadlearnedfrom

othercultures,theintroductionofvaccineswouldneverhavetakenplace.如果不

是蒙塔古愿意采用她從其他文化中學(xué)到的做法，那么疫苗引進(jìn)就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)發(fā)生。

【,點(diǎn)石成金】本句中，toadoptapracticeshehadlearnedfromothercultures

為動(dòng)詞不定式作名詞willingness的后置定語(yǔ);shehadlearnedfromothercultures

為省略了關(guān)系代詞that/which的定語(yǔ)從句，that/which在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ);整

個(gè)句子是一個(gè)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的含蓄虛擬條件句，WithoutMontagu's

willingnesstoadoptapracticeshehadlearnedfromothercultures為without弓|導(dǎo)

的條件句，theintroductionofvaccineswouldneverhavetakenplace為主句。

Adventureronthewheels

輪椅上的華麗■險(xiǎn)

科里很小就被診斷出患有脊髓性肌萎縮癥。在媽媽的愛(ài)護(hù)下，他坐輪椅游覽

了七大洲，他決定在博客上分享他的旅行知識(shí)，幫助其他像他一樣的殘疾旅行

者探索世界。

1Cory,aged30,wasdiagnosedwithspinalmuscularatrophy（脊髓T生月幾

萎縮癥）ataveryyoungage.Sohebeganusingawheelchairat4.Hismother,

SandyGilbreath,raisedhimasasingleparent.Althoughtakingcareofachildwith

adisabilitywaschallenging,sheensuredthatCorydidn/tmissoutthefunthingsin

hislife.Sandytookhimonroadtripsduringsummerbreaksthroughouthis

childhood.Theexcitingexperiencesofexploringnewplacesinspiredhimtoseta

lifelonggoalofvisitingallsevencontinents.

2Fortunately,CorywasabletodothatjustbeforetheC0VID?19started.He

andhismothertraveledtoAntarcticainFebruaryin2020,justbeforetheborders

closed.Itwastheseventhandthefinalcontinentonhislist.Hebecamethefirst

wheelchairuserevertovisitallthesevencontinents!

3AccordingtoCory,travelinginawheelchairrequiresawiderangeofplanning

andresearch.Hestartshisresearchsixtotwelvemonthsbeforeeachtrip,making

surethatthereareaccessibletransportationoptionsinthelocation.Hewouldalso

calluphotelsorrentalhomestoconfirmiftheyaretrulyasaccessibleastheyclaim

tobe.

4WhenCorystartedgoingonadventures,thereweren/tmanyonline

resourcesdiscussingaccessibletravel.Tohelpothertravelerswithdisabilities

exploretheworldashedoes,hedecidedtosharehisknowledgeinhisblog.

Hopingtopromoterepresentationofthewheelchairusingcommunity,Coryand

hismotherwroteachildren/sbook,titledLetsExplorewithCorCor,whichis

aboutaboywhotravelsaroundtheworldinhispoweredwheelchair.

5''Travelingtoallsevencontinentswasn'tsomethingthatIwassurewasgoing

tobepossible,"hesaid."Butifyoustaydeterminedandkeepapositiveattitude,

theopportunitiesarelimitless.”

[Reading][Check]

1.WhatmadeCorydecidetovisitallsevencontinents?

A.Hismother'sexpectation.

B.Histravellingexperiences.

C.Hisdreamofhelpingothers.

D.Hisobjectiveofmakingahistory.

2.WhatworriesCorymostaboutatrip?

A.Rentalfees.B.Localattractions.

C.Accommodation.D.Transportation.

3.WhydidCoryandhismotherwritethebook?

A.Toenrichonlineresources.

B.Torecordtravellingevents.

C.Tohelppeoplewithspecialneeds.

D.Tointroducetheirlifestory.

4.WhatcanwelearnfromCory'sstory?

A.Nothingcanpreventadeterminedheart.

B.Disabilitycanturnintoanopportunity.

C.Travellingshapesapositiveattitude.

D.Momisthecreatorofchildren/sdreams.

[Language][Study]

Memorizesometext-centeredchunks

bediagnosedwith被診斷有..

ataveryyoungage在非常小的時(shí)候

takecareof照顧

missout錯(cuò)過(guò);漏掉

setalifelonggoalof設(shè)定一個(gè)……的終生目標(biāo)

awiderangeof范圍廣泛的

callup（給......）打電話

staydetermined保持堅(jiān)定

keepapositiveattitude保持樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度

Earliercherry,climateworry

今年日本的櫻花開(kāi)得比往年都要早，是日本1,200多年來(lái)最早的一次。專

家指出，櫻花開(kāi)得越來(lái)越早，預(yù)示著氣候危機(jī)和生態(tài)危機(jī)會(huì)越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。

1ThinkofJapaninthespringandtheimagethatcomestomindislikelythe

country/sfamouscherryblossom,alsoknownas“Sakura”-akindofwhiteand

pinkflowers,bloomingacrosscitiesandmountains.

2Theflowers,whichexperiencea“peakbloom“thatonlylastsafewdays,

havebeenlovedinJapanformorethanathousandyears.Crowdscelebratewith

viewingparties,flockingtothemostpopularlocationstotakephotosandhave

picnicsunderneaththebranches.

3Butthisyear,cherryblossomseasonhascomeandgoneintheblinkofan

eye,inoneoftheearliestbloomsonrecord.Scientistswarnit'sasymptomofthe

largerclimatecrisisthreateningecosystemseverywhere.

4YasuyukiAono,aresearcheratOsakaPrefectureUniversity,hasgathered

recordsfromKyotobackto812ADfromhistoricaldocumentsanddiaries.Inthe

centralcityofKyoto,cherryblossompeakedonMarch26,theearliestinmore

than1,200years,Aonosaid.AndinthecapitalTokyo,cherryblossomreached

fullbloomonMarch22,thesecondearliestdateonrecord.

5Thepeakbloomdatesshifteveryyear,dependingonnumerousfactors

includingweatherandrainfall,butithasshownageneraltrendofmovingearlier

andearlier.InKyoto,thepeakdatestayedaroundmid-Aprilforcenturies,but

beganmovingintoearlyAprilduringthe1800s.Thedatehasonlydippedintolate

Marchahandfuloftimesinrecordedhistory.

6"Sakurabloomsareverytemperaturesensitive,"saidAono."Floweringand

fullbloomcouldbeearlierorlaterdependingonthetemperaturealone,"hesaid.

“Thetemperaturewaslowinthe1820s,butithasrisenbyabout3.5degrees

Celsiustothisday."

7Thisyear'sseasonsinparticularinfluencedtheblossomdates,headded.The

winterwasverycold,butthespringcamefastandunusuallywarm.

[Reading][Check]

1.Whatdoesthistextmainlytalkabout?

A.Warningofaclimatecrisis.

B.Cherryblossomcelebrations.

C.Astrongloveforcherryblossom.

D.Cherryblossomseasoncomingaheadoftime.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“flockingto“inparagraph2mean?

A.Blockingout.B.Floodinginto.

C.Runninginto.D.Takingon.

3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph5?

A.CherryblossomrarelypeaksinMarch.

B.Thepeakbloomdatesfallonafixeddate.

C.Cherryblossompeaksaroundmid-AprilinTokyo.

D.The