中考語法專題八

動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語

動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)圖實(shí)義動(dòng)詞及物不及物系動(dòng)詞表狀態(tài)表變化表感官助動(dòng)詞be,do,have,shall,will考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞的分類什么是動(dòng)詞？1.動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)的詞2.充當(dāng)謂語A：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞1.有完整的詞義2.能獨(dú)立做謂語能否接賓語及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞Ilove

mymother.Pleaselookat

me.及物動(dòng)詞

賓語不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞

賓語Icanborrow

thebookfromthelibrary.

Iwillbuy

mydaughter

agift.Rainydaymakesmesad.CanyouhearsomeoneplayingthepainonextdoorMomallowsmetoplaycomputergamesonceaweek.及物動(dòng)詞的用法動(dòng)詞+賓語動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)形容詞作賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)名詞作賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)小結(jié)：理解不了這個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，怎么辦？

記動(dòng)詞的固定搭配也可以。不及物動(dòng)詞的用法Iwork.Iworkhard.Iwork

out

thisproblem.語意完整，可以不加賓語。語意完整，可以不加賓語。但可以加程度副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞語意完整，要接賓語，其后需加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~介詞名詞作賓語動(dòng)詞如：lookat,belongto,worryabout........多記憶多積累B：助動(dòng)詞1.本身沒有詞匯意義2.不能獨(dú)立做謂語3.“幫助”別的動(dòng)詞，表時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)。助動(dòng)詞在句中與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞詞組，以表示時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)。此外，還可以用來構(gòu)成否定句、疑問句或強(qiáng)調(diào)句等句型be,do,have,will/shallItomusic.Iwhenmymomcameback.Thebookbyhim.BeamlisteningwascookingwaswrittenB：助動(dòng)詞do（does,did）DoyoucomefromChina/Idon'tlikerunning.Dobecareful!Hecoulddanceaswellashedidbefore.Don'tsmokehere.構(gòu)成疑問句，否定句加強(qiáng)語氣代替主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成否定祈使句B：助動(dòng)詞willshallIinHongKongfortwoweeks.ShetoBeijingnextMonday.weacameratotheparktomorrow.

havebeenwillgoshalltake謂語動(dòng)詞詞組，表現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞詞組，表一般將來時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞詞組，表一般將來時(shí)have總結(jié)：助動(dòng)詞一定要注意“助”，是幫助的意思，說明他們不是動(dòng)詞，只是起到了輔助的作業(yè)，所以他們就一定要與動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)C：系動(dòng)詞1.連接主語和表語2.+形容詞，名詞，介詞短語做表語系動(dòng)詞詞義例句am/is/are是Heismyuncle.keep保持Theyalwayskeepsilent.stayThebookstorestaysopenuntil8:00pm表狀態(tài)become變得Hehasbecomeamemberofthisclub.getItisgettingdark.goThefoodwentbad.turnTheleavesareturningyellow.feel感覺；摸起來Ifeeltired./Theclothfeelssoft.look看起來Mymotherlooksveryyoung.smell聞起來Theflowerssmellsweet.sound聽起來Thatsoundsinteresting.taste嘗起來Thesouptastesterrible表變化表感官D：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖重點(diǎn)講解紅色“六星”部分知識(shí)點(diǎn)D：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞什么是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞？1.表達(dá)主觀愿望，情感，態(tài)度和語氣。2.本身有詞義。3.不能單獨(dú)做謂語。一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法1.害怕孤獨(dú)，不能單獨(dú)作謂語。2.不隨主變，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。3.后接原形，后面跟動(dòng)詞原形。D：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞JanecansingEnglishsongs.Janecanplaycomputergames.主語謂語賓語1.害怕孤獨(dú)，不能單獨(dú)作謂語。2.不隨主變，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞=謂語Imustfinishmyhomeworktonight.Marymustfinishherhomeworktonight.Wemustfinishourhomeworktonight.3.后面+動(dòng)詞原形總結(jié)could,may,must的用法IcanbeatNaruto.HecouldbeatNarutolastyear.(過去式)Canyoubringmeaglassofwater--Couldyoubringmeaglassofwater--Yes,Ican./Sorry,Ican't.(不能用could)could語氣比can更委婉更客氣YoucanwatchTVonweekends.can翻譯為“可以”CanIuseyourphonepleaseCouldIuseyourphonepleaseMayIuseyourphonepleaseMightIuseyourphoneplease

委婉直截了當(dāng)尊重委婉禮貌客氣尊重委婉（虛禮）CanMayCouldMight---MayIgooutandplayfootball---Yes,youmay.No,youcan't.No,youmustn't.No,youmaynot.Mayyoubehappy!祝你快樂！Mayyoulivelong!

祝你長(zhǎng)壽！Mayyousucceed!祝你成功！Hemaybeverybusynow.youmayberight.---MustWecleanthehousenow---No,you________________.youcandoittomorrow.needn't/don'thavetoNo,youmustn't.D：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法觀看一個(gè)小視頻mustbe（一定）can'tbe（不可能）maybe（也許）mightbe（也許）有把握的肯定的推測(cè)有把握的否定推測(cè)

沒有什么把握的推測(cè)總結(jié)can,must,may(might)表推測(cè)

的用法(必考）might的可能性要低于may

1.Themagazine________beLucy's.Wecanseehernameonthecover.A.mustn't B.can't C.must D.needn't2—He____beintheclassroom,Ithink.—No，he_____beintheclassroom.Isawhimgohomeaminuteago.A.can,maynot B.must,maynot C.may,can’t D.may,mustn’t3.—IsTomcomingbytrain—He___drivehiscar.I’mnotsure.A.can’tB.mayC.mustD.need小牛試刀CCB1.(2020南京,2)China'seffortstostopthespreadofCOVID-19will

theworld'sabilitytolimittheharminthenearfuture.A.imagineB.inventC.insistD.improve2.(2020泰州,5)—SongofAutumnbyLiuYuxidescribesautumninadifferentway.—Iagree.Mostpoets(詩人)describethisseasonto

afeelingofsadness,butinLiu'seyesautumnisfulloflifeandhope.A.excuseB.expressC.expectD.explain3.(2020無錫,13)—We'vediscussedthismanytimes.Nojeanstotheparty!—Verywellthen,ifyou

.Butwhere'smysuitA.suggestB.imagineC.agreeD.insist4.(2018蘇州,7)—WhatdoyouthinkofJason—Hehas_______mewithhisgoodsenseofhumour.A.impressedB.admiredC.remindedD.warned5.(2018鹽城,13)YuedaGrouphasfoundawayto______thewasteanddoesn'tputitintotheriveranymore.A.produceB.recycleC.requireD.protect6.(2018無錫,13)Idon'thavemuchmoney,butI'dliketobuymydadsomethingreallyspecial,ifyouknowwhatI______

.A.wantB.careC.meanD.prefer考點(diǎn)二：動(dòng)詞短語動(dòng)詞短語動(dòng)詞+介詞:arriveat,askfor,laughat,lookafter,動(dòng)詞+副詞:findout,giveup,putoff,turnon,thinkover動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞:comeupwith,geton/along(well)with,goonwith,lookforwardto動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞：makefriendswith，payattentionto,makeuseof,takepartin,takecareof這類短語很多很多，只能積累背誦動(dòng)詞短語的固定用法和固定搭配動(dòng)詞短語Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇1.(2020鹽城,12)Theseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsexcitedandmakeithardforthemto

andsleep.AedownB.breakdownC.calmdownD.sitdown2.(2020連云港,10)TheChineselanguagehasbecomeabridgeto

China

therestoftheworld.A.connect...toB.oCpare...withD.separate...from3.(2019揚(yáng)州,12)—Honey,comeandhelpmethepictureofballoonsfromthemagazine.—OK,Granny.I'mcoming.A.carryoutB.workoutC.cutoutD.handout4.(2018連云港,11)—I‘msorryto

onyou,butthereareoneortwothingsIdon’tunderstand.—Itdoesn'tmatter.A.cutdownB.cutoutC.cutinD.cutoff5.(2018揚(yáng)州,11)Weshouldstop

fireworkstoreducepollution.A.gettingoffB.turningoffC.takingoffD.settingoff6.(2017蘇州,14)Assoonasshe

athome,Sallyknewshehadboughtthewrongdress.A.handeditinB.trieditonC.cutitoutD.madeitup動(dòng)詞的固定搭配Somestudentsprefer_______(chat)withtheirfriendsto______(do)theirhomeworkattheweekend.Iwouldrather_____(stay)athomethan_____(go)outsideattheweekend.Mycomputerisbroken.Iwillhaveit________(repair)thisafternoon.Pleasehaveher_______(sweep)thefloor.Wouldyoumindmy___________(smoke)herechattingdoingpreferdoingsth.todoingsth.寧愿做某事而不愿做某事Wouldratherdosththandosth.staygorepairedhavesthdonesweephavesb.dosth.mindone’sdoingsth.smoking12.Iamlookingforwardto_________(hear)fromyou.13.We’dbetter_______(nottalk)inclass.14.--I’msorryIforgot_________(post)theletterforyou.--That’sOK.Iwilldoitmyselfthisafternoon.15.Iremembered__________(bring)anumbrellahere.ButIcan’tfinditnow.17.Ican’twait_______(see)youagain.18.Wecouldn’thelp_______(clap)ourhandsbecauseoftheirwonderfulperformance.hearingnottalktopostbringingtoseeclappinglookforwardtodoingsth.期盼做某事hadbetter(not)dosth.最好（不）做某事forgettodo/doingsth.前者是指忘記做某事，該事還沒有做；而后者是忘記做過某事，事情已經(jīng)做了remembertodo/doingsth同理can’twaittodosth.迫不及待做某事can’thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事

19.Yourcoatneeds___________(wash).20.Hespendsmuchtime__________(practise)__________(play)thepiano.21.Ittakeshimmuchtime________(fly)totheUSA.22.MrsLidevotedmostofhertimeto____