必修第二冊Unit4HistoryandTraditions（人教版2019）人與社會：歷史、社會和文化單元引言解讀Apeoplewithouttheknowledgeoftheirpasthistory,originandcultureislikeatreewithoutroots.—MarcusGarvey釋義：本單元的名人名言意為“一個不了解自己歷史、起源和文化的民族，就如同一棵無根之樹”。通過類比，形象地闡明了歷史起源及其所蘊(yùn)含文化的重要性啟示：歷史是一個民族興衰更替的見證；歷史就像一面鏡子，無論正確與否，它都可以給予客觀的、真實(shí)的評價；歷史凝聚著古代先賢的智慧。歷史是照亮人類未來行程的智慧之光，對于社會和個人的發(fā)展具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。學(xué)習(xí)歷史可以增強(qiáng)文化認(rèn)同感，重建民族自信心；學(xué)習(xí)歷史可以形成正確的人生觀和價值觀。名言名句積累人與社會：歷史、社會和文化1．Historiesmakemenwise.讀史使人明智。2．Historyisamirrorthatilluminatesrealityandthefuture.歷史是一面鏡子，它照亮現(xiàn)實(shí)和未來。3．Ourhistoryisaninvaluablelegacyanddeservesourpride.我們的歷史是一份無比珍貴的遺產(chǎn)，是值得我們自豪的。4．Althoughthetraditionofdrinkingteadatesbackto3000BCinChina,itwasnotuntilthemid-17thcenturyintheUKthatappearedtheconceptof“afternoontea”.雖然中國喝茶的傳統(tǒng)能追溯到公元前3000年，但是直到17世紀(jì)中期英國才出現(xiàn)“下午茶”的概念。5．Knowingthatyou'reinterestedinthetraditionalChinesecultureandkeenonlearningmoreaboutit,I'mwritingtooffermyremendation.我知道你對中國傳統(tǒng)文化很感興趣，也熱衷于了解更多的中國文化，所以我寫信向你推薦。6．ConfuciusisconsideredasthegreatestoftheancientChinesesages.孔子被認(rèn)為是中國古代最偉大的圣人。7．ZhengHe,anexplorerinMingDynasty,ismyfavoritefigureinChinesehistory.鄭和是明朝的一位探險家，他是我最喜歡的中國歷史人物。8．Wecanknowmoreaboutthelifeofgreatpeopleaswellashistoryandcultureofothercountries.我們能夠了解更多偉人的生活以及其他國家的歷史和文化。9．WhatI'dliketointroducetoyouisNiangao,whichisoneofthemostpopularandtypicaldisheseatenduringtheSpringFestival.我想給大家介紹的是年糕，它是春節(jié)期間所吃的最受歡迎、最典型的菜肴之一。10．First,wewereamazedtolearnabouttheoriginoftheHakkacultureandthedevelopmentoftheHakkahistory.首先，我們驚奇地了解了客家文化的起源和客家歷史的發(fā)展。時文拓展閱讀CookbooksShowAmericanCultureAreyouinterestedinfood,UnitedStateshistory,andtheEnglishlanguage?Ifso,Americancookbooksprovidewideinformationinallthreesubjects.Thefirst,publishedin1796,startedamarketthatcontinuesinthe21stcenturywithonlinepublicationsofsuchworks.And,theliteratureoffersmorethanjustrecipes.MeganEliasisthedirectoroffoodstudiesatBostonUniversityandthewriterofFoodonthePage:CookbooksandAmericanCulture.Shesaysthatcookbooksdohelpteachushowtopreparefood.Buttheyprovidemorethanthat,too."Theconceptofmeals,howmanymealsadaythatpeopleexpecttoeat?Whatdotheyexpecttohaveinthosemeals?"Eliassaid.Despitethewidespreadavailabilityofonlinerecipes,printcookbooks,oftenwithbeautifulphotographsinside,continuetosellwell.Theyalsoinformreadersaboutdiscoveries,equipmentandtechnologyrelatedtofoodmaking.Eliassaid,"Whataretheobjectsthatarenecessarytomakethethingsandwhatexists?So,areyoubeingaskedtodosomethingoveranopenfireorareyoubeingaskedtouseanelectricstove?Isitsomethingthatcanbedoneinthemicrowave?Ifyouseealotofrecipesforthingsthatarepreservedforpickles,youknowthatyouarelookingatatimewithoutrefrigeration."AmyBentleyisafoodhistorianatNewYorkUniversity.Shesaidthatcookbooksfromthe1800swereusedaslifestyleandhouseholdguides.Theyincludefoodrecipes,buttheywerenotcentraltothebooksbackthen."So,there'ssomerecipesforfood,butitcouldberecipesforacleaningsolventorwhattodowhenyourchildhasbeenpoisoned,howtoclean,howtogetstainsout,"Bentleysaid.AmericanCookerybyAmeliaSimmonsisthefirstcookbookpublishedintheUnitedStates.SimmonswrotethathergoalwiththebookwastoimprovethenewgenerationofwomenintheU.S.MeganEliassaysthataftertheCivilWar,cookbooksbecamemorediverse.Writersstartedexploringlocalfoodsandcustomsintheirwork.EliassaidthatSoutherncookbookstriedtooffer"...abeautifulversionoftheoldSouththatwillkindofhealoverthewoundsoftheCivilWarratherthandealingwiththeproblemsthatcausedtheCivilWartobeginwith."Somemunitieswouldputtogetheragroupcookbooktoraisemoney.ThesecookbooksprovidealookintowhattheAmericanmiddleclasswaseatingthroughouttheyears.Suchworksserveasarecordofthetraditionsandinterestsofdifferentneighborhoodsandgroups.Throughouttheyearscookbookshavesignifiedhumanity'sgrowthinknowledge,trendsandinnovations.Duringthelastpartofthe19thcentury,forexample,manyrecipeswereinformedbythedangersoffoodcontainingbacteria.Then,inthe1930s,refrigeratorsbecamemonobjectsinAmericanhomes.Thethreatofbacterialinfectionfromfooddropped,andverysoon,cooksadaptedtothenewconditions.Newrecipesandnewcookbooksresulted.ButcookbooksarenotpletereflectionsofAmericanlife.Eliassaidpublishingpaniesmostlycontrolcookbookcontent.And,theirmaingoalistomakemoneyfrombooksales."Thepublishingworlddoesn'tnecessarilyhavethegoalofrepresentingthetruthofAmericanswhomadeit.Ittendstobeuppermiddleclass,white,Northeastern."Inthe21stcentury,withthegrowthofsocialmediaandfoodwebsites,publishingpanieshavelesscontrol.Thesenewwaystosharerecipeshaveledtomoreopendiscussionsaboutfoodandcooking.Thisgivesthepublicmorechoicesandpower.Eliaspraisedthenewdiscussionsaroundfood."Ifyoulookatthementsonfoodblogsandonanykindofrecipesite,youreallygettoseewhatpeoplearecooking,andwhattheythinkofhowthey'recooking,andhowtheythinkofthemselvesasexperts."Physicalcookbooksarestillhighlydesirableaswell,Bentleysays."They'reverygoodtogiveasgifts.They'revery,verypopularbecausethey'resortofneutral.Andeveryonelovesacookbook,especiallywithbeautifulpages,"shesaid.【譯文欣賞】烹飪書展示美國文化你對食物、美國歷史和英語感興趣嗎？如果是這樣，美國烹飪書在這三個主題上都提供了廣泛的信息。第一本于1796年出版，開創(chuàng)了一個在21世紀(jì)繼續(xù)存在的市場，即此類作品的在線出版物。而且，文獻(xiàn)提供的不僅僅是食譜。梅根·埃利亞斯是波士頓大學(xué)食品研究主任，著有《頁面上的食物：烹飪書和美國文化》。她說烹飪書確實(shí)有助于教我們?nèi)绾螠?zhǔn)備食物。但它們也提供了更多。埃利亞斯說：“膳食的概念，人們一天要吃多少餐？他們希望在這些餐中吃什么？”。盡管在線食譜廣泛可用，但通常附有精美照片的印刷食譜仍然賣得很好。他們還向讀者介紹與食品制造相關(guān)的發(fā)現(xiàn)、設(shè)備和技術(shù)。埃利亞斯說：“制造這些東西所必需的物體是什么，存在什么？那么，你是被要求在明火上做點(diǎn)什么，還是被要求使用電爐？這可以在微波爐里做嗎？如果你看到很多腌制泡菜的食譜，你就知道你正在尋找一個沒有冷藏的時間?！卑住け咎乩羌~約大學(xué)的食品歷史學(xué)家。她說，19世紀(jì)的烹飪書被用作生活方式和家庭指南。它們包括食物食譜，但在當(dāng)時并不是書籍的核心。本特利說：“所以，有一些食物食譜，但也可能是清潔溶劑的食譜，或者當(dāng)你的孩子中毒時該怎么辦，如何清潔，如何去除污漬?！?。AmeliaSimmons的《美國烹飪》是美國出版的第一本烹飪書。西蒙斯寫道，她寫這本書的目的是提高美國新一代女性的地位。梅根·埃利亞斯說，內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后，烹飪書變得更加多樣化。作家們開始在他們的作品中探索當(dāng)?shù)氐氖澄锖土?xí)俗。埃利亞斯說，南方烹飪書試圖提供“……一個美麗的舊南方版本，它將治愈內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的創(chuàng)傷，而不是處理導(dǎo)致內(nèi)戰(zhàn)開始的問題?！币恍┥鐓^(qū)會出版一本集體烹飪書來籌集資金。這些烹飪書讓我們了解了美國中產(chǎn)階級多年來的飲食情況。這些作品記錄了不同社區(qū)和群體的傳統(tǒng)和興趣。多年來，烹飪書標(biāo)志著人類在知識、趨勢和創(chuàng)新方面的增長。例如，在19世紀(jì)末，許多食譜都了解了含有細(xì)菌的食物的危險。然后，在20世紀(jì)30年代，冰箱成為美國家庭的常見物品。食物中細(xì)菌感染的威脅下降了，很快，廚師們就適應(yīng)了新的環(huán)境。新的食譜和新的烹飪書應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。但烹飪書并不能完全反映美國人的生活。埃利亞斯說，出版公司大多控制著烹飪書的內(nèi)容。而且，他們的主要目標(biāo)是從圖書銷售中賺錢?！俺霭娼绮灰欢ㄓ写砻绹苏嫦嗟哪繕?biāo)。它往往是中上層階級、白人、東北人。”21世紀(jì)，隨著社交媒體和食品網(wǎng)站的增長，出版公司的控制力越來越小。這些分享食譜的新方式引發(fā)了關(guān)于食物和烹飪的更公開的討論。這給了公眾更多的選擇和權(quán)力。埃利亞斯贊揚(yáng)了圍繞食物的新討論?！叭绻憧纯词称凡┛秃腿魏我环N食譜網(wǎng)站上的評論，你真的會看到人們在做什么，他們對自己的烹飪方式有什么看法，以及他們?nèi)绾伟炎约嚎醋鲗＜??！辟e利說，實(shí)體烹飪書仍然非常受歡迎。她說：“它們非常適合作為禮物贈送。它們非常非常受歡迎，因?yàn)樗鼈冇悬c(diǎn)中性。每個人都喜歡烹飪書，尤其是那些漂亮的頁面?！薄！驹~匯積累】literature—n.writtenworksthatareconsideredtobeverygoodandtohavelastingimportance文學(xué)recipe—n.asetofinstructionsforcookingaspecificfood,includingalistoftheingredientsrequired食譜concept—n.anideaofwhatsomethingisorhowitworks概念microwave—n.anoventhatusesveryshortwaveofelectromagneticenergytocookfood微波爐preserved—adj.todescribesomethingkeptinitsoriginalstateoringoodcondition保存的solvent—n.aliquidusedforbreakingdownothersubstances溶劑stain—n.amarkmadeonasurfaceorapieceofclothingthatisveryhardorimpossibletoremove污點(diǎn)；污漬reflect—v.tomirrororshowanaspectofsomething反射，反映innovation—n.theactorprocessofintroducingnewideas,devices,ormethods創(chuàng)新neutral—adj.nothavingpositive,negative,orothercharacterizationsbasedonaperson'slikesordislikes.中立的【知識拓展】《烹飪書：美國》是**本全面記錄和贊美美國烹飪和美食文化顯著多樣性的書籍。本書對美味和地道的美國菜肴做了深入全面的調(diào)查，收錄了800份家庭烹飪食譜，探索了這個國家無數(shù)的傳統(tǒng)和影響、地區(qū)最愛的食物，以及熔爐般的結(jié)合——一個國家的飲食傳統(tǒng)，從開胃菜到甜點(diǎn)，以及其它。?【詞匯延伸】widespreadavailability廣泛可用性；廣泛的利用綜合實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（一）（2024·全國·高考甲卷真題）Oneday,wehadafamilydinner.Whiletheadultswerebusywiththeirserioustalkoutside,Iwasleftaloneinthe1tohelpmygrandmotherwashdishes.2mygrandmotherwouldtellmestoriesaboutherchildhood.BornjustbeforeWWII,mygrandmother3anentirelydifferentchildhoodlifestylefrommine.Shedidnothaveachancetogoto4.Likeintypicalfamilies,whereboyswere5muchmorethangirls,mygrandmahadtostayathometodo6.Theonlyopportunity(機(jī)會)shecouldseizeto7waswhenherbrotherwashavingChinese8withthefamilytutor.Shewouldsitquietlyatthefarendofthelongdinnertable,listening9.ThistrainingtaughthertoreadandwriteherChineseupsidedown—askillthathasturnedouttobequite10,especiallywheneverwesharethenewspaper.Onmostweekends,mygrandmother,ayounggirlthen,andherbrotherwouldgotothe11.There,theywouldwalkthroughdeepwater,sitdowncrossleggedunderwaterandholdtheir12whiletheywatchedallactiongoingonaroundthem.ThisissomethingI13—herabilitytoopenher14underwaterandstillsitfortablyontheseabed.Mychildhoodisquite15paredwithhers.Iam16thatIdidnotneedto17thehardshipslikeshedid.I'veneverfacedtheproblemof18.Iguessourdifferentchildhoodbackgroundiswhatmakesmygrandmothersuchanamazingpersonto19to:herstoriesalwaysmakemyhistorytextbooks20.1．A．sittingroom B．kitchen C．yard D．dininghall2．A．Asalways B．Bytheway C．Forexample D．Hereandnow3．A．a(chǎn)djusted B．promoted C．a(chǎn)chieved D．experienced4．A．work B．school C．court D．press5．A．favored B．tolerated C．trusted D．a(chǎn)cknowledged6．A．gardening B．homework C．business D．housework7．A．exercise B．study C．explore D．teach8．A．food B．guests C．lessons D．tea9．A．closely B．directly C．nervously D．freely10．A．professional B．a(chǎn)wkward C．simple D．practical11．A．market B．mountain C．beach D．class12．A．secret B．breath C．view D．tongue13．A．a(chǎn)dmire B．notice C．a(chǎn)dopt D．value14．A．hands B．mouth C．eyes D．a(chǎn)rms15．A．difficult B．plex C．happy D．similar16．A．grateful B．surprised C．convinced D．regretful17．A．reflectupon B．gothrough C．a(chǎn)skabout D．preparefor18．A．unemployment B．health C．education D．munication19．A．a(chǎn)ttend B．refer C．lead D．talk20．A．etrue B．eround C．eout D．ealive高考英語完形填空解題技巧ThistrainingtaughthertoreadandwriteherChineseupsidedown—askillthathasturnedouttobequitepractical,especiallywheneverwesharethenewspaper.ThistrainingtaughthertoreadandwriteherChineseupsidedown—askillthathasturnedouttobequitepractical,especiallywheneverwesharethenewspaper.分析：本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。主句主干“ThistrainingtaughthertoreadandwriteherChinese”為主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu);“upsidedown”為副詞短語作方式狀語;破折號后面“askill”為插入語，補(bǔ)充說明前面內(nèi)容是一項(xiàng)技能;“thathasturnedouttobequitepractical”為關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句修飾先行詞skill;“especiallywheneverwesharethenewspaper”為副詞especially修飾whenever引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。翻譯：這次培訓(xùn)教會了她倒著讀和寫中文這項(xiàng)技能非常實(shí)用，尤其是在我們分享報紙的時候。entirelyentirelyadv全部地，完全地；crossleggedadv盤腿；theseabedn海床，海底；hardshipn艱難，困苦；favorv[熟詞新義]偏袒，特別照顧；acknowledgev承認(rèn)，（公開）感謝；closelyadv[熟詞新義]仔細(xì)地；awkwardadj令人尷尬的，使人難堪的；practicaladj實(shí)用的；gratefuladj感激的；convincedadj確信的，堅(jiān)信的；regretfuladj后悔的；unemploymentn失業(yè)seizeanopportunity抓住機(jī)會；atthefarendof在……的另一邊，在……的盡頭/遠(yuǎn)端；upsidedown顛倒地；turnouttobe原來是，結(jié)果是；asalways和往常一樣（asusual）；bytheway順便提一下；hereandnow此時此刻；reflectupon反思；gothrough經(jīng)歷；eround改變觀點(diǎn)，拜訪，蘇醒；eout出現(xiàn)，開花，出版；ealive生動起來（etolife）全文翻譯一天，我們吃了一頓家庭晚餐。當(dāng)大人們在外面忙于嚴(yán)肅的談話時，我一個人留在廚房里幫奶奶洗碗。和往常一樣，我的祖母會給我講她童年的故事。我的祖母出生在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之前，她的童年生活方式與我完全不同。她沒有機(jī)會上學(xué)。就像在典型的家庭里，男孩比女孩受歡迎得多，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家務(wù)。她唯一能抓住的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會是當(dāng)她的哥哥和家庭教師一起上語文課時。她會安靜地坐在長長的餐桌的另一端，仔細(xì)地聽著。這項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練教會了她把中文倒過來讀和寫——這項(xiàng)技能被證明是非常實(shí)用的，尤其是當(dāng)我們分享報紙的時候。大多數(shù)周末，我的祖母（當(dāng)時還是個小女孩）和她的哥哥都會去海灘。在那里，他們會穿過深水，盤腿坐在水下，屏住呼吸，看著周圍發(fā)生的一切。這是我佩服的地方——她能在水下睜開眼睛，還能舒適地坐在海床上。與她的童年相比，我的童年相當(dāng)快樂。我很感激我不需要像她那樣經(jīng)歷磨難。我從來沒有遇到過教育問題。我想是我們不同的童年背景讓我的祖母成為了一個令人驚嘆的人：她的故事總是讓我的歷史教科書鮮活起來。（二）（2324高一下·福建·期末）Fourgirls.Twotents.Nocellphones.Athunderstorm.Onehundredandthirtyhoursofnonstop21.ThiswaswhatJuliaRuellejustexperienced.“Itwasreally22,”saidJuliaRuelleofherrecentweeklongadventuretotheBoundaryWatersCanoeAreaWildernesswiththreechildhoodfriends.Earlierthisyear,Julia,havingpleteda23forabraintumor(腫瘤)inApril,wonawritingcontestandwas24afreefivedaycampingadventurewithuptothreefriends.Itsaimistogetkidsawayfromtechnology.Shestruggledtochoosethefinalthree—AnnaWander,MadelineWilsonandJuliannaTorelli.No25areallowed,sogettingtheiragreementwaskindof26.Havingasatellitephoneandpromisingtocheckintwiceduringtheweekfinallywontheir27.ThefourgirlsarrivedinElyonJune10fortraining.They28thenextdayat7:00a.m.,andquicklyfitmanythingsintotheir29—gettingupearlyeverymorning,goingboatingbynoon,thenhavinglunchatthecampsites,30byswinging,reading,talking,andnapping.“Ilovehowyouareseparatedfromeverythinginyourlife,especially31,”Annasaid.Withoutherphone,shesaid,“I’mless32aboutthings.”“Wegotalongprettywell,”saidMadeline.“Wewerealwaystalkingbeforebed,aboutspecificthingsandthoughtsingeneral.”“Butwemightsometimeshavehad33,”Juliannaadded.Noonewasevenhungryorhomesick,buttheywereactuallynervousonenightastheywaitedoutathunderstorm.Aftertheadventure,Juliawillcontinuetotakephysicalexaminationeverythreemonthstomakesurethetumorisgone.“Mentalhealthcanbe34somuchintheBoundaryWaters.Itreallyhelpsto35andreconnectwithyourself,”saidJulia.21．A．tiredness B．happiness C．darkness D．togetherness22．A．a(chǎn)mazing B．terrible C．boring D．costly23．A．petition B．treatment C．preparation D．registration24．A．promised B．directed C．offered D．a(chǎn)dvised25．A．parents B．friends C．teachers D．guides26．A．educating B．challenging C．satisfying D．impressing27．A．permission B．satisfaction C．confidence D．expectation28．A．turnedout B．turnedup C．setout D．setin29．A．hobby B．project C．schedule D．solution30．A．taught B．followed C．divided D．instructed31．A．society B．homework C．personality D．technology32．A．doubtful B．a(chǎn)nxious C．curious D．unsatisfied33．A．disappointment B．joyfulness C．a(chǎn)rguments D．injuries34．A．damaged B．improved C．a(chǎn)rranged D．weakened35．A．getaway B．getback C．giveup D．giveaway（三）（2324高一·全國·假期作業(yè)）Whetheritisarelaxingwalkorapowerone,takingawalkusuallyonlylastsasmallperiodoftime.Thisisnotthe36forTomTurcich,though.OnApril2,2015,Tomdecidedtowalkaroundtheworldbyhimself.Itwasn’ta37thought.Hischildhoodfrienddied38attheageof17duetoaJetSkiaccident.39byhowshortlifewas,hewasfueledbyastrong40toliveeverydaytothefullest.Tom’swalk41asalonelyjourney.Butquickly,hefoundhimselfmissingthe42ontheroad.Andso,whilestoppinginAustin,Texas,he43Savannah,arescuedog.Sincethen,thepairhavebeenmakingtheirwayacrossbordersandcontinents,4425,000milesinall.Travelingalwayshassomeupsanddowns.Tom45numerousunexpecteddelaysalongtheway.Hisjourneywas46duetosevereweatherinPanamaandbecameveryillinScotland.Also,hehadno47buttowaitoutthetimeduetothelockdowninmanycountries.Butonthe48side,hemetmanykindpeopleand49thebeautyofnatureindifferentpartsoftheworld.Tom50himselftodosomethingfewpeoplehavesucceededin,whichhelpedhimgainamuchdeeperunderstandingoftheworld.36．A．case B．routine C．reason D．intention37．A．novel B．wise C．sudden D．simple38．A．instantly B．unexpectedly C．eventually D．undoubtedly39．A．Torn B．Shocked C．Moved D．Surprised40．A．enthusiasm B．curiosity C．pride D．desire41．A．started B．progressed C．proved D．remained42．A．neighborhood B．childhood C．panionship D．citizenship43．A．found B．spotted C．saved D．a(chǎn)dopted44．A．covering B．holding C．occupying D．equaling45．A．responded B．experienced C．a(chǎn)ccepted D．ignored46．A．blownaway B．carriedaway C．backedup D．heldup47．A．responsibility B．right C．option D．opportunity48．A．rough B．invisible C．moral D．bright49．A．enjoyed B．missed C．recalled D．preserved50．A．discovered B．challenged C．suffered D．renewed（四）閱讀理解（2324高一下·遼寧本溪·期末）Forthousandsofyears,humanshaveracedtobethefirsttoclimbapeak,crossafrontier,ordocumentanewspeciesorlandscape.Nowinsomecases,peopleareracingtobethelast.Inrecentyears,agrowingindustryhasbeenstimulatedbyclimatechange—lastchancetourism.AccordingtoEcoSustainableSolutions,aUKbasedorganicrecyclingandwasteprocessingpanylastchancetourismisakindoftourismgearedtowardseeingthelastofsomethingduetoclimatechange.Astemperaturesandwaterlevelsrise,thiscouldmeanseizingthelastchancetoseetheGreatBarrierReef,anArcticglacierandaremoteislandthatissinking.Asmillionsoftouristsrushtoimperileddestinations,somearetakingadvantageoftheincreasingdemandtospreadenvironmentalawareness.Onetouristspot,theSeaofIceinFrance,openedanexhibitin2021toeducatevisitorsonglaciersandclimatechange.Thiseducationalpushseemstobehavinganimpact,asa2023surveyshowedthat80%ofthevisitorswouldtrytolearnmoreabouttheenvironmentandhowtoprotectitwhile77%saidthattheywouldreducetheirwaterandenergyuse.However,thelastchancetourismindustrymaybeekindofourconcern.Asmoreandmorepeoplefloodintotheseareasinapanictoseethembeforetheyaregone,theyinfactcontributetotheincreasedgreenhousegasemissionsandovertourism,leadingtotheirdestruction.Justasmanyscholarsputit,lastchancetourismisaparadox(悖論).Althoughtouristsmayacknowledgethebroaderrisksandimportanceofclimatechange,it’sevenmoreimportanttoconnecttheresponsibilityoftheindividualtourismtothefutureofourplanet.It’snotjustaboutunderstandingtheneedtostopclimatechange;it’sevenmoreimportanttoavoidmakingitworse.51．Whatislastchancetourismprimarilydrivenby?A．Adventureseeking. B．Culturalexploration.C．Environmentalawareness. D．Historicalpreservation.52．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“imperiled”inparagraph3mostlikelymean?A．Developed. B．Endangered. C．Deserted. D．Preserved.53．Whatissuggestedinaddressingthenegativeimpactsoflastchancetourism?A．Promotingculturalpreservationefforts.B．Spreadingawarenessaboutclimatechange.C．Reducingindividualcontributionstoclimatechange.D．Encouragingmoretouriststovisitimperileddestinations.54．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribelastchancetourism?A．It’sastonetokilltwobirds. B．It’sadoubleedgedsword.C．It’salifejacketinthestormysea. D．It’sasolutiononceandforall.（五）（2324高一下·吉林·期末）Areyouinterestedinfood,UnitedStateshistory,andtheEnglishlanguage?Ifso,Americancookbooksprovidewideinformationinallthreesubjects.Thefirst,publishedin1796,startedamarketthatcontinuesinthe21stcenturywithonlinepublicationsofsuchworks.And,theliteratureoffersmorethanjustrecipes(食譜).AmyBentleyisafoodhistorianatNewYorkUniversity.Shesaidthatcookbooksfromthe1800swereuseaaslifestyleandhouseholdguides.Theyincludefoodrecipes,buttheywerenotcentraltothebooksbackthen.“So,thereresomerecipesforfood,butitcouldberecipesforacleaningsolvent(溶劑)orwhattodowhenyourchildhasbeenpoisonedandhowtoclean,”Bentleysaid.AmericanCookerybyAmeliaSimmonsisthefirstcookbookpublishedintheUnitedStates.SimmonswrotethathergoalwiththebookwastoimprovethenewgenerationofwomenintheUS.AndaftertheCivilWar,cookbooksbecamemoremanifold.Writersstartedexploringlocalfoodsandcustomsintheirwork.Somemunitieswouldputtogetheragroupcookbooktoraisemoney.Thesecookbooksprovidea?ookintowhattheAmericanmiddleclasswaseatingthroughouttheyears.Suchworksserveasarecordofthetraditionsandinterestsofdifferentneighbourhoodsandgroups.Throughouttheyearscookbookshavesignifiedhumanity’sgrowthinknowledge,trends(趨勢)andinventions.Duringthelastpartofthe19thcentury,forexample,manyrecipeswereinformedbythedangersoffoodcontainingbacteria(細(xì)菌).Then,inthe1930s,refrigerators(冰箱)becamemonobjectsinAmericanhomes.ButcookbooksarenotpletereflectionsofAmericanlife.Publishingpaniesmostlycontrolcookbookcontent.And,theirmaingoalistomakemoneyfrombooksales.Inthe21stcentury,withthegrowthofsocialmediaandfoodwebsites,publishingpanieshavelesscontrol.Thesenewwaystosharerecipeshaveledtomoreopendiscussionsaboutfoodandcooking.Thisgivesthepublicmorechoicesandpower.55．Whatcanyoufindinthecookbooksfromthe1800s?A．Travelguides. B．Popularclothes.C．Cleaningmethods. D．Historicalevents.56．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“manifold”meaninParagraph3?A．Various. B．Famous. C．Challenging. D．Serious.57．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningrefrigerators?A．Totelltheimportanceofrefrigerators.B．Toshowthedevelopmentoftechnology.C．ToprovideanexampleofsocialproblemsD．Toprovecookbooksreflecttheprogressofhumanlife.58．Fromwhichpartofamagazineisthetextprobablytaken?A．Language. B．History. C．Culture. D．Education.（六）（2324高一下·云南大理·期末）Chinesenetizensrecentlyexpressedamazementatamapfilledwiththicklydottedsignsclearlymarkingthecountry’shistoricsitesandculturalrelics.ThemapwasmadebyWuYunjie,whowasborninthe1990s.Wuhasadeepinterestinculturalrelicsandhistory.Whenhewasincollege,hewouldoftenmakeuseofhissparetimetotravelaroundthecountry,exploringanddocumentingancientsites.In2020,hestartedcollectinginformationonculturalrelicprotectionunitsanduploadedthedatatothemappingsoftware.Assomeoftheinformationisnotfullydisclosedandmanyhistoricalsitesinfarareascannotbelocatedspecifically,Wuspentalotoftimeonresearchandcarryingoutonsitevisits.Now,themapincludesnearly10,000historicallandmarkswithdifferentcolorsstandingfordifferentkinds:Redsignsshowtheculturalrelicsitesunderstateprotectionorthenationallevelmuseums,whilegreensignsstandfortheprovinciallyprotectedhistoricalsites.Alotofancienttemples,bridgesandotherarchitectureinthefarareasarealsomarkedonthemap.Anetizenposted,“Iactuallyfoundtheancienttoweraroundmyhouseonthemap!”However,inWu’seyes,themapisnotperfect,asitrecordedlessthantwopercentoftheover760,000immovableculturalrelicsregisteredinthecountry’sthirdnationalsurveyofculturalrelics.ButWuhasbeenworkingonimprovingit.“Ifpossible,I’dalsoliketodocumenttheculturalrelicsthathavebeenlostoverseas.Thosetreasuresmaynotbeabletoreturntotheirhomelandforthetimebeing,butthestoriesthattheycarryarewhatweneedtosee.”59．WhatcanwelearnaboutWuYunjie?A．Heworkedasasoftwareengineer. B．Hedevelopedamappingsoftware.C．Hehadadeepinterestintravelling. D．Hewasayoungresponsiblenetizen.60．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disclosed”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Applied B．Spread. C．Discovered. D．Understood.61．Whyareanetizen’swordsquotedinparagraph4?A．Toshowtheconvenienceofthemap.B．Tointroducehowtousethemapproperly.C．Toprovethemapisbelievableandinformative.D．Toexplainthemeaningofdifferentcolorsonthemap.62．WhatdoesWuYunjieplantodo?A．Includeculturalrelicslostoverseasinhismap.B．BringculturaltreasuresbacktoChinafromabroad.C．Makethemapperfectbyaddingdotsofothercolors.D．Solvetechnicalproblemsandmakemoneywiththemap.（七）（2324高一下·廣東深圳·期末）StandingatthetopofastaircaseintheLouvreinParis,theNike,ortheWingedVictory(勝利女神),looksdownoverheradmiringcrowds.ThisstatueisoneofthemostfamousartworksofGreekart.63LateritwasbroughttoParisandhasbeenondisplayintheLouvresince1866.TheNikeconsistsoftwoparts:alargeship’sfrontpart,andastandingstatuewithatotalheightofmorethaneighteenfeet.ItlooksliketheWingedVictoryhasjustflowndownfromthesky.64Thewindblowsherdressacrossherbody,gatheringitinheavyfolds,andstreamingbehindher.Whenviewerslookather,theycanalmostfeelthewindfromthesea.65Thestatue,asitstandstodayintheLouvre,hasbeenpartlyrepaired.Therightwingisamoderncopy,butthemissingfeet,arms,andheadhavenotbeenrecovered,givingviewersmuchtoimagine.Forinstance,didtheNikeholdobjectsinherhands?Infact,peoplefoundherrighthandin1950,whosefingersarespreadout.66Shemusthavesimplyraisedherrightarmingreeting.Herheadmayhavelookedstraig