Grammar

sentences簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型·

主語十系動(dòng)詞十表語(S+linkV+P)

·主語十謂語(不及物動(dòng)詞)

(S+Vi)·主語十謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)十賓語

(S+Vt+

O)·

主語十謂語+間賓+直賓(S+Vt+O1+O2)·

主語十謂語十賓語十補(bǔ)語(S+Vt+O+OC)Type

l。主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語(S+Link.V+P),說明主語的特征、類屬、狀態(tài)、身份。Youarestudents.Weare

intheclassroom.Wearegoodfriends,aren'twe?主

語(

subjec

t):

句子說明的人或物，常位于句首?！he

sun

rises

in

the

east.(名詞)

·He

likes

dancing.(代詞)·

Twentyyears

is

a

short

timein·history.

(數(shù)詞)To

seeistobelieve.(

不

定式

)二Exercisingis

a

good

habit.(動(dòng)名

詞

)系動(dòng)詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，一般有be動(dòng)詞(am,is,are,was,were,been,being)He

is

a

teacher.其它系動(dòng)詞：狀態(tài)：seem,appear,prove---感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look

-變化：become,get,furn,go,come,grow持續(xù)：remain,stay,keep,continue表語

(predicative):系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)

狀態(tài)和特征?！e

is

a

teacher.

(名詞)I

haveacake,canyou

taste

it.·Five

and

five

is

ten.(數(shù)詞)(代詞)·He

is

kind.(形容

詞)·1.Jackisabrightboy.2.Hewasdisappointedattheresultofthe

examination.3.Theroomdoesn'tlookbigenough.

4.Hisdreamhasfinally

cometrue.5.Histheoryprovedcorrect.Type2&3·

主語十謂語動(dòng)詞(不及物動(dòng)詞)

·She

came./Nobody

went.·

主語十謂語動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語·She

likes

English.謂語(predicate)(動(dòng)詞)V.說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征，常位于主語后。不及物動(dòng)詞

vi.

后不接賓語，且無被動(dòng)語態(tài)及物動(dòng)詞后

vt.必須接賓語?！ず?jiǎn)單謂語：由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成·I

saw

theflagonthetopofthe

hill?·He

looked

after

two

children.·

復(fù)合謂語：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞構(gòu)can

speak

English

well.賓語動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，常置于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后I

like

China..(名詞)Shedidn'tsay

anything.(

代詞)Howmanydoyou

want?-I

want

two.(

數(shù)詞)

Theydecidedtoleavenow.(不定式)I

enjoy

working

with

you.

(動(dòng)名詞)Did

you

write

down

what

he

said?

(句子)

Areyouafraidofthesnake?(

名詞)Type4&5·主語十謂語十間接賓語十直接賓語

(雙賓語)·She

gaveJohn

abook.

She

bought

me

a

book.·Theteacherasked

me

to

readthe

passage.主語十謂語十賓語十賓語補(bǔ)足語·She

makes

hermotherangry.·雙賓語即直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指

物或事，間接賓語指人或動(dòng)物.He

gave

me

some

books.間接

直接賓語

賓語●He

bought

his

girlfriend

some

flowers.這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：give,buy,show,send,lend,pass,tell,leave,teach

等·找句中的直接賓語和間接賓語①

Please

tell

usastory.②

My

father

bought

a

new

bike

for

me

lastweek.③Mr.Li

is

going

to

teach

us

historynextterm.④Here

isa

pen.Giveit

to

Tom.⑤

Did

he

leave

any

messageforme?賓補(bǔ)：賓語補(bǔ)足語Wewill

make

them

happy.賓語

賓補(bǔ)She

always

keeps

這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：keep,make,let,have等.●··挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語②

Heaskedherto

take

the

boy

out

of

school.③Shefounditdifficultto

do

the

work.④Theycall

me

Lily

sometimes.⑤

IsawMr.Wangget

on

the

bus.^

狀

語賓

語Imetmybestfriend

atthestation↓↓主謂

定

語語

語opX

EO子，漢語中常翻譯成‘……的’。ThnAlnrLAhilnic

mino定義：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。

前單詞作定語時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的名詞之

后

短語和從句作定語時(shí)則放在它所修飾的名詞之

O句

)*當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞如：nothing,anything,everything,something

等時(shí)，定語要放在其后作后

置定語。定語(attributive)對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句

狀語(adverbial)用以修飾adj./v.

/adv.及全句，位置靈活。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原

因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步.1.修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；Iamvery)sorry.2.表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首，

At

8)Iatemy

breakfast.=Iate

my

breakfastlat

83.一些表示不確定時(shí)間(如：

often)或程度(如：almost)的

副詞狀語通常位于be

動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。We[often]helphim.狀語：·Iwillgothere

tomorrow.時(shí)間Themeetingwill

be

held

in

themeeting

room.地點(diǎn)●

The

meatwent

bad

becauseofthe

hot

weather

.

原

因Hestudies

hardto

learn

Englishwell.目的··H

edidn'tstudy

hardsothat

hefailedin

the

exam.結(jié)果·I

like

some

ofyou

verymuch.

程度Ifyoustudy

hard,youwill

passtheexam.條件·Hegoesto

schoolby

bike.方式Though

he

isyoung,hecando

itwell.讓步···There

be結(jié)構(gòu)1、定義：There

be句型表示某處存在某物或某

人。2、結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)There

is+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名

詞

+地點(diǎn)狀語(2)There

are

+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語.*

there是引導(dǎo)詞，在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。句子的主語是某人或某物，謂語動(dòng)詞be要與主語(某人或某物)的數(shù)保持一致。當(dāng)主語是兩個(gè)

或兩個(gè)以上的名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要與跟它最近

的那個(gè)名詞一致(就近原則)。①

Thereis

a

bird

in

the

tree.

樹上有一只鳥。

②

There

is

a

teacher

and

many

students

in

our

classroom.我們教室里有一位老師和許多ム句子類型簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句OI.

簡(jiǎn)單句1.Thingschanged.主

+

謂2.Treesaregreen.主

+

謂

+

表3.

Wedon't

beat

children.主

+

謂+賓4.

He

gavehissister

the

piano.

主

+

謂

+間

接

賓

語

+

直

接

賓

語5.I

found

thebookeasy,言

+

謂

+

賓

+

賓

補(bǔ)It'snotcheap,

but

it

isverygood.Itwas

late,

soIwentto

bed._He

knockedatthedoor;therewas

noanswer.You'realive!Andshe'sdead.

II.

并列句Thisismeandthese

are

myfriends.Theymuststay

inwater,

ortheywill

die.Hesaid

thathedidn't

like

her.Aplane

isa

machinethat

can

fly.名詞性從句狀語從句

定語從句主語從句表語從句賓語從句同位語從句III.復(fù)合句

狀語從句分為九類：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1)時(shí)間狀語從句Waitluntilyouarecalled.)Whenspringcame,)leavesturngreen.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,as

soon

as,whenever等常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因狀語從句(As

Ididn'tknowthe

way,I

asked

apoliceman常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：because,as,since2)地點(diǎn)狀語從句Put

it(whereyoufound

it.)

Sitdown(whereveryou

like.)4)結(jié)果狀語從句Iwas

inthe

bathsothat

Ididn't

hearthetelephone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,so

that,such

that,that5)目的狀語從句I'llshowyou

soyouwillsee

how

it'sdone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,so

that,in

order

that6)條件狀語從句Ifitsnowstomorrow,Jwewill

builda

snowman.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：if,unless,incase

that,on

condition

that..7)讓步狀語從句(Though

I'mfondofmusic,Ican't

play

any

instrument.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：though,although,if

even

if,even

though,8)方式狀語從句Hedidjust

asyoutoldhim.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as,as

if,asthough,howSo

longasyou

needme,Ill

stay.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,so

that,as

far

as,

so

longas9)程度狀語從句Homework1.復(fù)習(xí)今天所學(xué)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)2.

自行復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句的內(nèi)容(必修三)3.看試卷，做相應(yīng)知識(shí)點(diǎn).名詞性從句1)主語從句*What

hesaid

is

not

known.*Thatweshallbe

late

is

certain.*Itiscertain

thatwe

shallbelate.*Howstrange

it

isthatthechildren

are

so

quiet!

2)表語從句*That

is

what

hewantstobuy.*The

problem

is

thatwhowecan

getto

replace

her?*The

reasonis

that

he

has

liedto

meseveraltimes.*I

understand

that

he

is

wellqualified.*He

said

that

he

didn't

like

her.*Idon'tknow

ifyoucan

help

me.3)賓語從句*

Thequestionwho

should

dothe

work

requiresconsideration.*Mother

made

a

promisethatshewould

buymea

new

coat.

4)同位語從句*Where

did

you

get

the

ideathat

Icouldn't

come?注意!引導(dǎo)詞that&what*that與what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。*what

在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份(主，賓，表)。

*That

在句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)成份。*that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不可省略(賓語從句除外)

.That

iswhat

hewantsto

buy.

Thatweshallbe

late

is

certain.

He

said

(that)he

didn't

like

her.

狀語從句分為九類：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1)時(shí)間狀語從句Waitluntilyouarecalled.)Whenspringcame,)leavesturngreen.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,as

soon

as,whenever等常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因狀語從句(