考向64七選五復現(xiàn)、替代、邏輯和連貫與試題解答策略1核心詞復現(xiàn)法【考法再現(xiàn)】1.2020·全國卷Ⅲ·片段體裁：說明文主題語境：人與社會—風俗________Somepeopleregisteralistofthingstheywantorneedfortheirnewhomeatalocalstoreorstores.Somecommonthingspeoplewillputonagiftregistryincludekitchentoolslikeknivesandthingslikecurtains.Evenifthereisn'taregistry,agoodhousewarminggiftissomethingtodecoratethenewhousewith,likeapieceofartoraplant.A.Thisisn'tusualthough.B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.D.Ifyou'reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.答案與解析B根據(jù)空后第二句中的關鍵詞“agiftregistry”和空后第三句中的“agoodhousewarminggift”可知，該段介紹的是與禮物相關的內(nèi)容。故正確選項應含有與housewarming和gift相關的詞匯，鎖定選項B和D。又該段列舉了參加聚會所帶的禮物，如廚房工具、窗簾、藝術品或綠植。這些都和參加喬遷聚會帶禮物有關，故B項“帶禮物去參加喬遷聚會是一種傳統(tǒng)”概括了本段內(nèi)容，引出下文，故選B。【策略微點】技巧依據(jù)介紹段落主旨時，常會有核心詞的復現(xiàn)，但不是詞語的簡單重復，而是核心詞以同義詞、近義詞或不同詞性的詞等形式出現(xiàn)。在做題時，注意選項中出現(xiàn)的與原文意思相同、相近或相反的詞匯?！静呗詧D解】核心詞復現(xiàn)法策略2代詞指代法【考法再現(xiàn)】2.2020·全國卷Ⅲ·片段體裁：說明文主題語境：人與社會—風俗Housewarmingpartiesgettheirnamefromthefactthatalongtimeagopeoplewouldactuallybringfirewoodtoanewhomeasagift.________Nowmosthomeshavecentralheatinganddon'tusefirestokeepwarm.A.Thisisn'tusualthough.B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.D.Ifyou'reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.答案與解析G代詞指代法解題。上句介紹了喬遷聚會名稱的由來，根據(jù)“bringfirewoodtoanewhomeasagift”可知，人們會帶柴火作為禮物，本空應承接上文說明帶柴火的目的和作用：取暖。G項“這樣人們就可以在冬天的時候保持家里溫暖”符合語境。選項G中的this指代上一句中提到的“bringfirewood”。3.2019·全國卷Ⅱ·片段體裁：說明文主題語境：人與自我—認識自我、完善自我Youalsoneedtojudgethequalityanddepthofyourmotivation.Thisisquiteimportant,becauseitisdirectlyrelatedtoyourcommitment.Therearetimeswhenyourheartisnotinyourwork.__①__So,slowdownandthinkwhatyoureallywanttodoatthatmoment.Clarity(清晰)ofthoughtscanhelpyoumoveforward.Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyzeyourshortandlongtermobjectives,keepinginmindyourbeliefs,valuesandstrengths.Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.__②__Theyalsoneedtobemeasurable.Youmustkeepthesepointsinmindwhilesettingyourgoals.A.Thiscanaffectyourwork.B.Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.D.Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?E.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.F.Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.G.Withoutmotivation,youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.答案與解析①A根據(jù)空前一句尤其是該句中的yourwork這一關鍵信息可推斷，A項“這會影響到你的工作”符合語境，且A項中的指示代詞This指代前文內(nèi)容，此外，空后一句“So,slowdownandthink...”提出了應對方法，因此設空處應是提到空前一句產(chǎn)生的影響。故選A項。②E根據(jù)空前一句“Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.”并結(jié)合選項可知，E項與此處語義一致。E項中的changeaccordingtocircumstances是對flexible一詞的解釋，且E項中的指示代詞They特指前文的goals，同時與空后一句“Theyalsoneedtobemeasurable.”中的They相呼應。故選E項?！静呗晕Ⅻc】技巧依據(jù)英語文章中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率很高，代詞可以用來指代前面提及的名詞(短語)或句子，可借助這一線索準確解題?！静呗詧D解】代詞指代法策略3邏輯關系法【考法再現(xiàn)】4.2020·全國卷Ⅱ·片段體裁：說明文主題語境：人與社會—社會交往Thereisalsothematteroftone(語氣).Whohasn'treceivedanemailsoannoyingthatitruinedanentireday?________.Emojicanhelpcommunicationfeelfriendlier,andevenaseriousnotecanbesoftenedwithanencouragingsmile.A.MessageswithemojisfeelmoreconversationalB.EvenaformalemailcanseemcoldandunfriendlyC.SendingsmilingfacestocolleaguesmayseemstrangeD.ThepopularityoftheseplatformsisspreadinggloballyE.GivingemployeesthetoolsenablesthemtocommunicatehonestlyF.StudiesshowthatfriendliercommunicationleadstoahappierworkplaceG.Aneasywaytobringallworkgenerationstogetheriswithachatplatform答案與解析B核心詞和邏輯關系法解題。該段通過正反兩方面的對比，介紹溝通中的語氣問題?？涨耙痪洹癢hohasn'treceivedanemailsoannoyingthatitruinedanentireday？”說明電子郵件帶來的負面情緒；下一句從正面介紹表情符號的積極作用。結(jié)合前后正反對比的語境和設空前一句中的關鍵詞“anemail”和空后一句中的關鍵詞“aseriousnote”可知，正確選項應與電子郵件的負面作用相關，故B項“即使是一封正式的電子郵件也會顯得冷淡和不友好”進一步講述電子郵件的負面作用，故選B。even順承上一句并加強了語氣?！静呗晕Ⅻc】技巧依據(jù)一個段落中總有一些銜接過渡詞或并列連詞，如however,therefore,thus,accordingly,yet,besides,still等和and,but,so,notonly...butalso...,neither...nor...等?！静呗詧D解】邏輯關系法策略4相似結(jié)構線索法【考法再現(xiàn)】5.2020·全國卷Ⅱ·片段體裁：說明文主題語境：人與社會—社會交往________，andemojicancontributedirectlytothatpositiveoutcome.Andwhenyouremployeesbeginaddingsmilingemojistotheirbusinesscommunication,you'llknowyouhavesucceededinimprovingyourworkculture.A.MessageswithemojisfeelmoreconversationalB.EvenaformalemailcanseemcoldandunfriendlyC.SendingsmilingfacestocolleaguesmayseemstrangeD.ThepopularityoftheseplatformsisspreadinggloballyE.GivingemployeesthetoolsenablesthemtocommunicatehonestlyF.StudiesshowthatfriendliercommunicationleadstoahappierworkplaceG.Aneasywaytobringallworkgenerationstogetheriswithachatplatform答案與解析F根據(jù)空后的“andemojicancontributedirectlytothatpositiveoutcome”中的連詞and(并且)可知，此處是并列句，根據(jù)and后的關鍵詞“thatpositiveoutcome”和該段第二句中的關鍵詞“youremployees”“businesscommunication”和“workculture”可知，正確選項應與表情符號對工作場所的好處相關。故選項F“研究表明，更友好的溝通會帶來更快樂的工作場所”符合語境?！癮happierworkplace”與關鍵詞“thatpositiveoutcome”呼應。6.2019·全國卷Ⅱ·片段體裁：說明文主題語境：人與自我—認識自我、完善自我________Morethanthat,howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?First,youneedtoevaluateyourself,yourvalues,yourstrengths,yourweaknesses,yourachievements,yourdesires,etc.Onlythenshouldyousetyourgoals.A.Thiscanaffectyourwork.B.Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.D.Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?E.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.F.Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.G.Withoutmotivation,youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.答案與解析B設空處后一句是個問句，由此可知，設空處也應是一個問句，故將答案鎖定在B項和D項之間。B項中的howshouldyou...與空后一句中的howshouldyou...在結(jié)構上和語義上均保持一致，而D項中的why與后文內(nèi)容無關。故選B項。【策略微點】技巧依據(jù)閱讀七選五的體裁大多是說明文，常采用總分或總分總形式，第一段說明事物的主題，下面幾段從不同角度說明問題，最后總結(jié)，各段之間多是平行關系。在文章句式的使用上，多出現(xiàn)相似句型。有時候設空是句子的某一部分，所以可以借助相似句型和句子結(jié)構解題?！静呗詧D解】相似結(jié)構線索法【檢測訓練】1Basically,aphoneinterviewisthefirststepinthehiringprocess,asitgivestheemployeraglanceofyourbackground,personality,andoverallfitfortheposition.1.1.TellMeAboutYourselfMoreoftenthannot,aninterviewerwillbeginwith“tellmeaboutyourself.”2.Youdon'twanttosoundtoorehearsed,butputtingdownafewnotesonyourbackgroundcanhelpmakethisamucheasierquestiontorespondto.2.PrepareforBehavioralQuestions3.Whiletheyaren'talwaysaskedonaphoneinterview,theycantelltheinterviewerabitmoreaboutyourpersonalitywithouthavingtomeetyouinperson.Thesequestions,suchas"teilmeaboutatimeyoudemonstratedleadership"arefairlycommon,andalsoeasytoprepareforinadvance.Takeafewminutestowritedownbulletpointsonatimeyouwerealeaderorovercameadifficulty.4.Therefore,writingdownafewideasinadvancecanonlyhelpgetthosecreativejuicesflowingforwhensomeunexpectedquestionsareasked.3.PreparetoExplainEmploymentGapsSomeindividualshaveemploymentgapsintheirresume.Formost,thisrelatestocollegeandschoolbreaks,etc.5.Thinkingaboutthesegapsbeforehandgivesyoutheadvantageintermsofbeingpreparedforthelineofquestioning.Rememberthataphoneinterviewmaybethemostimportantpart,asit'sgoingtosolidifyagoodfirstimpressionthatwillhelpcarryyouthroughouttherestoftheprocess.A.Behavioralquestionsarehuge.B.However,thesegapsshouldbeavoidedifpossible.C.Youneverknowwhattypeofquestionwillbeasked.D.Thesequestionsneedyoutodescribeyourpreparationforthetargetjob.E.Butsometimesthismeansexplainingthemtoavoidmakingyoulookbad.F.Preparingforitrequiresyoutodescribeyourgoalsthatmatchtheposition.G.Withthatinmind,youcanpreparesomewell-thought-outanswersforthecommonlyaskedquestions.2Twothievescametoahousetostealsomething.Theydugaholeinthewallofthehouse.Oneofthemcrawledintothehousewhiletheotherwaitedoutside.Therelivedmanymiceinthehouse.6..“Look!Incomesone,”shesaidtothemaninthehouse.Thethiefwassofrightenedthathehurriedlycrawledoutofthehouseandsaidtotheonewaitingoutside,“ShefoundmewhenIwasjustin.”Butthethiefoutsidedidn’tbelievehim,sohesaid,“Letustwotrytocrawlintothehousetogether.”7.Thewomansawthemiceandshouted,“Incometwo.Catchthem!”8.Theystartedrunningawayatonce.Thetwothieveswantedtomakeitclearwhethertheyhadbeenfoundornotthenightbefore.Thenextdaytheyactedasmensellingsweetpotatoesandcamebeforethehouse.Themanandthewomanwereploughinginthefields.9..Shesawtwomensellingsweetpotatoesandwantedtobuysome.10.Atthetimethemancouldn’twaitforheranylongerinthefieldsandheranbackfromthefieldstohurryherup.Thewomanshowedthesweetpotatoestothemanandsaid,“Howtheylooklikethetwooflastnight!”Themansaid,“Iaskedyoutofetcharope,whydon’tyouhurryforit?”Thetwothievesranawayveryquicklywithouttheirsweetpotatoes.A.Thewomaninthemoonlightsawamousecrawlintothehouse.B.Thereinbrokeandthewomancamehomeforarope.C.Themiceescapedquickly.D.Thetwothieveswereterriblyfrightened.E.Atthattimetwomicehappenedtocrawlintothehousetoo.F.Shepickedouttwowhichlookedlikemice.G.Thetwomenhelpedtocatchtheropeforthewoman.3BeforetheSecondWorldWar,everyoneeverywhererodetheirbicycles—andthenwiththedawnofthe1950stheautomobilekilledthecyclingculture.Inthe1960sCopenhagenwasverypollutedandcrowdedwithcars.Ittookthecityplannersandpoliticiansalongtimetoreclaim(恢復)thestreetsofCopenhagen.11.RushhourinCopenhageniswhen45%ofthepopulationtravelbybicycletotheirplacesofworkorstudyeachday.12.ItlooksverydifferenttherethaninmyhomecountryofCanada—wherethereisaverylowpercentageofthepopulationwhoridebicycles.TheenvironmentalconcernisaminorpartofwhatencouragespeopletocycleinCopenhagen.13.IstherealinkagetocyclingandwhyCopenhagenisoftenrankedthehappiestcityontheplanet?TheDanishdon’thavebigmonuments,theyhaveHansChristianAndersen’s“LittleMermaid(美人魚),”whichislife-size.Thiscapturesthespiritofthecity;laidback,practicalandresponsible.Theirmonumentsarebigwindturbines(發(fā)電機).14.Therearemanyotherrenewableenergies.Wejustneedtolookaroundmothernature’splayground.Treesbringrain.Whentheyswayinthewind,theypurifytheair.15.Whentheleavesdroptotheground,theyhelpthesoilbecomefertilebutholdtheirshapeforalongtime—nomatterhowharditrains.Whenyoucutdowntreesforbuilding,forfarming,thelandandriversdryup.ThespringsasGodmadethemaregone,asiseverylivingthingfoundthatrequireswatertosurvive.A.Nowbikesoutnumbercars.B.Wehaveenergyavailablefromthewind.C.Forthem,it’ssimplyabetterqualityoflife.D.Theyremovethecarbondioxidefromouroxygen.E.Ittakesmorethangeographytogetpeoplecycling.F.Thisisthecoolestbikeprojectintheworldrightnow.G.CyclinginCopenhagenisanimportantmeansoftravel.4Fordecades,doctorshavewarnedpatientsthattoomuchsaltcanbebadfortheheart.Heartattackhaslongbeenconsideredagrown-upproblem.16.Eatingtoomuchsaltyfoodwhenyou'reyoungcanleadtohealthproblemslater.Saltismadeupoftwoelements:sodiumandchlorine偉內(nèi)禾口氯）.Dietaryguidelinesrecommendthatadultsandkidsaged9-13shouldn'tconsumemorethanaboutateaspoonofsodiumdaily.17.Thisworriesdoctorsbecausetoomuchsodiumresultsinthebodyproducingmoreblood.Topumptheextrablood,thehearthastoworkharder.Thiscausesariseinbloodpressure一-ameasurementofhowstressedtheheartis.Highbloodpressureoftenleadstoheartdisease.Akidwithhighbloodpressureismorelikelytobecomeagrown-upwithhighbloodpressure.18.Britishresearchersrecentlyfoundthatkidswhoeatlesssaltalsodrinkfewersugarysoftdrinks.Drinkingfewerfizzy（碳酸）drinksmakeskidslesslikelytogainweight,becomeobeseanddevelophighbloodpressure.19.ArecentstudyfoundthatagrowingnumberofkidsintheUSaresufferingfromkidneystones（腎結(jié)石）.Thispainfulconditionusuallyaffectspeopleagedover40.Now,kidsasyoungasfivearegettingit.Cuttingdownonsaltcanbehard,butyoucanretrainyourselftopreferlesssaltyfood.Thebestwaytoreducetheamountofsodiumyoueatistomakechangesgradually.20.Switchtofreshfoodsinsteadofcannedandbottledversions.Andgoeasyonthecondiments（調(diào)味品）.Youmightalsowanttostartreadingnutritionlabels.Youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatthereare1,150mgofsodiuminadoublecheeseburger,andover2,000mginmanyfrozenmeals.A.Saltisn'ttheonlycauseofdiseases.B.TheaverageAmericaneatstwicethisamount.C.Saltcanaffectmorethanjustyourheartandweight.D.Reducingsaltmightalsohelpstopchildhoodobesity.E.Butnewresearchsuggeststhatsaltisstartingtoaffectchildren.F.Startbyaddinghalfasmuchsalttoyourdinnerasyounormallydo.G.Cuttingdownonsaltnowcanloweraperson'sriskofheartdisease.5Studyingforexamslonghoursorrepeatedexposuretoastressfulsituationmayleadtoburnout(過度勞累).Sufferingfromburnoutcanresultinareductioninourcreativityandproductivity.21.Herearesometipsthatmayhelpyou.Increaseyourel-efficacy(自我效能).Thismeansyoushouldbelieveinyourabilitytocompleteataskathand.Itcanhelpyouformafeelingthatthetaskisachievableandlesstiring.Aneffectivewayistofollowaself-efficacymodel.22.Hecanhaveapositiveeffectonyouandmakeyouremainoptimisticandconfidentinyourabilities.23.Noteveryonehascreativeaspectstotheirjobs,andtherefore,weneedtofindotherapproachestoshowingourselves.Wecouldpaint,writeortakepartinlocaltheater.Allofthesemayhelpgetusoutoftheextremestressthatmayexistinourworkinglife.Lookafteryourselfandyoursurroundings.Theconsequenceisthatyouaresurroundedbyacleanerandmorepositiveenvironment.24.Haveapositivementalattitudetowardseverythingyoudo,andyou'llfeelthetaskislessstressful.Youmayfeelmorecompetentaswell.Scheduleregularsocialactivities.Rememberwhenyouusedtospendtimewithfriends?Youwereactiveandyouhadfunwhenyouwatchedmoviesandatemealstogether.Youcanregainsomeofthatenjoyableexperiencebyschedulingregularactivities.25.A.Findwaystoexpressourcreativesides.B.Burnout,however,isn'talwayseasytospot.C.Whatcanwedotoavoidthebadeffectsofburnout?D.Acyclingwithyourpartnereverydaywilldojustfine.E.Thisinturnmakesyouhavehealthyandpositivethoughts.F.Worriedthatyouareexperiencingburnoutbutunsureofthesymptoms?G.Simplyobserveafriendorcolleagueaccomplishsomethingmeaningful.6Yourdentisthasprobablybeentellingyoutoflossforyears.26.36%ofAmericanswouldratherdosomethingunpleasant,likecleanthetoilet,thanputstringbetweentheirteeth.That’swhymanycheeredatanewsreportthatflossingmightnotbenecessary.TheAssociatedPressreviewed25studiesandconcludedthatflossingdidn’thaveprovenhealthbenefits.Shouldyouthrowawayyourfloss?Notsofast.27.Onereviewof12studiesfoundthatpeoplewhobrushedandflossedregularlywerelesslikelytohavebleedinggums.28.Gumdisease,leftuntreated,canleadtoshrinkinggumsandtoothloss.Itisalsolinkedtoheartdisease,andmanyotherhealthconditions.“Yourmouthisamirrorfortherestofyourbody,’expertssay.29.Somethinkmorebacterialeftinyourmouthendupinyourbloodstream,wheretheymaycontributetoinflammationinotherareas,likeyourheart.Whatexpertsdoknowisthatpeoplewhodon’thavegumdiseasearelesslikelytohavehealthproblemslikeheartdisease.Infact,manydentistssaythereasontheyrecommendflossingisn’tbecauseofresearch.30.“Inmypractice,it’sclearthatpeoplewhoflossdailyhavehealthiergumsandkeeptheirteethlonger,”adentistsays.Ittakeslessthanaminute,andthere’sliterallynodownsidetodoingit.Butifyouskipit,soonerorlateryou—andyourdentist—willnoticeadifference.A.Manydentalexpertsaren’tonboard.B.Therearealsomanybenefitsinflossing.C.Theyhadlowerlevelsofgumdisease,too.D.Ifyou’verefusedtodoso,you’renotalone.E.Instead,it’sbecauseofwhattheyseeintheirpatients.F.Ittakessevenormoreyearstotrainaprofessionaldentist.G.Theconnectionbetweengumdiseaseandhealthisn’tentirelyclear.7Manyofusliketodineoutandtreatourselvestodeliciousfood.Weareusedtochoosingheartyfat-filleddishesandsugar-chargeddesserts,whicharenoteasilycookedathome.31.AccordingtoEconomicDaily,low-calorie,low-fatandhigh-fibermealshavebecomepopularinChina’srestaurantsandonlinedeliveryplatforms.32.Accordingtoareportreleasedbyamajoronlinefooddeliveryplatform,thenumberoflightmealsorderedonlinealsorose75percentfromthepreviousyear.Havingalightmeal,however,doesn’tmeaneatingonlyvegetables.Differentfromthemeat-freelifestyle,atypicallightdishavoidsoily,saltyandspicyfood.33.Healthynutrientsarethethemeofthelightmeal.Thesedishesareusefulforkeepinghealthyandcontrollingyourweight.34.Dinersseeitas“agreatwaytoavoidbloating(變胖),’’wrotetheTelegraph.Thesechangesineatingbehaviorareconnectedtodeeperchangesinhowpeoplethinkaboutfood,saysWalterWillett,chairofthenutritiondepartmentattheHarvardT.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth,US.“Dietquality,notquantity,isimportantforbothweightcontrolandlong-termwell-being,”WilletttoldTheNewYorkTimes.Sonexttimeyouhaveapartywithfriends,tryalightmeal.35.A.Solightmealshaveapromisingfuture.B.Peopletendtochoosethefoodthatsuittheirtaste.C.Itwillsatisfynotonlyyourstomachsbutmaybealsoyourhearts.D.Therecentriseoflightmeals,however,givesdinersasmarterchoice.E.Thecountrysawarapidexpansionofrestaurantsspecializinginlightmeals.F.Instead,itcontainsthingslikeboiled