PAGEUnit3DiverseCulturesⅠ.閱讀理解Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野).Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarming.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.Tourismisnowthechiefindustryof這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了Dawson這座城市的發(fā)展緣由、過程與現(xiàn)狀。1．WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?A.Itsbusinessculture. B.Itssmallpopulation.C.Itsgeographicalposition. D.Itsfavourableclimate.答案：C解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據文章第一段中Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.可知，人們選擇在河邊或港口設城是因為交通便利，便于做生意。而紐約就是在哈德森河口旁邊的一個大港口，故紐約吸引早期移民的緣由是它的地理位置，故C正確。2．WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?A．Two-thirdsofthemstayedthere.B．Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.C．Almosteveryonegaveup.D．Halfofthemdied.答案：B解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據文章其次段倒數(shù)其次句Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.可知，在最初挖黃金的兩萬人中有4000人變富有，所以是五分之一的人變富了，故B正確。3．WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?A．Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.B．Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.C．Theywereunabletostandthewinter.D．Theywereshortoffood.答案：B解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據文章最終一段中andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.可知，人們離開Dawson的主要緣由是聽說在Alaska發(fā)覺了黃金，也就是他們要去別的地方找尋發(fā)財?shù)臋C會。故B正確。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Theriseandfallofacity. B．ThegoldrushinCanada.C．Journeysintothewilderness. D．TourisminDawson.答案：A解析：主旨大意題。第一段簡要介紹城市發(fā)展的緣由，引出Dawson這一城市的興起，其次段介紹了該城市興起的緣由，第三段介紹人們選擇離開該城市的緣由及現(xiàn)在的狀況，所以全文圍繞Dawson這個城市的發(fā)展與起伏。故A正確。Ⅱ.七選五Pleasewearlooseclothing,mostlycotton.Itisobviousthatwearingclothingthatislooseratherthantightiswelcomedinsummer.1.Thiscarriesawaythewarmththatyourbodyproducesandallowscoolerairtoflowbackin.2.Whenit'sreallyhotout,materialsthat“breathe”—allowingtheflowofairthroughthefabric(衣料)itself—alsoworktokeepyoucool.Cottonandlinenareamongthemostbreathablefabrics，solookforclothesmadeofthosesubstances.Yourbodycontrolsitstemperatureviaasmallpeanut-shapedsectionofthebrainknownasthehypothalamus(下丘腦).3.Itturnsthetemperatureupordownbasedonvariousfactors—suchashowcoldorhottheskinis.Certainpartsoftheskinhavealargerinfluencethanothers.4.Theygettheirnamebecauseyoucanfeelyourpulsethere,andthereasonyoucandothatisbecausevesselsaresoclosetotheedgeofyourskinthatonecaneasilyhearorfeeltheflowofblood.Whenyouwanttoloweryourbodytemperature,coolingthosepulsepointswithcoldwateroricesendsasignaltothebrainthatsays,“Turncold.”5.Focusonpulsepointsthatareeasytoreach:theinsidesofyourwrists,theareaaroundyourtemple,andyourneck.Holdinganicepackorevenacoldwashclothagainsttheskinontheseregionswillmakeyourentirebodyfeelcooler.A．ItallowsairtoflowpasttheskinB．SweatinghelpstocoolofftheskinC．Theseareasarecalledpulsepoints(脈沖點)D．Thetypeoffabricyouwearhasaninfluence,tooE．Thisfoolsyourbrainintoturningdownitsthermostat(恒溫器)F．ThisregionworksalmostlikeathermostatinahomeG．Exercisinginextremeheatisusuallynotrecommended本文是一篇說明文。在夏天穿寬松而不是緊身的衣服是受歡迎的。文章講解并描述這樣的衣服在夏天是如何讓你涼快的。1．A解析：上文提示“很明顯，在夏天穿寬松而不是緊身的衣服是受歡迎的?！背薪由衔?，A項Itallowsairtoflowpasttheskin.(它允許空氣流過皮膚)切題。該項中的it指代上文中的clothingthatislooseratherthantight。故選A。2．D解析：下文提示“當天氣真的很熱的時候，可以‘呼吸’的材料——允許空氣通過織物本身——也能讓你保持涼快?！背薪酉挛?，D項Thetypeoffabricyouwearhasaninfluence,too(你穿什么面料也有影響)切題。該項中的fabric和下文中的materials相吻合。故選D。3．F解析：上文提示“你的身體通過大腦中一個叫作下丘腦的花生形態(tài)的小區(qū)域來限制溫度?！背薪由衔?，F(xiàn)項Thisregionworksalmostlikeathermostatinahome(這個區(qū)域的工作原理就像家里的恒溫器)切題。該項中的Thisregion指上文中的hypothalamus。故選F。4．C解析：下文提示“它們得名是因為你能感覺到脈搏，而你能感覺到脈搏的緣由是因為血管離你的皮膚邊緣很近，你很簡單聽到或感覺到血流?！背薪酉挛?，C項Theseareasarecalledpulsepoints(脈沖點)(這些區(qū)域被稱為脈沖點)切題。下文說明怎樣得名，所以該項符合句意。故選C。5．E解析：上文提示“當你想要降低體溫時，用冷水或冰冷卻這些脈搏點會向大腦發(fā)出一個信號，說‘變冷’?！背薪由衔?，E項Thisfoolsyourbrainintoturningdownitsthermostat(恒溫器)(這會讓你的大腦降低溫度)切題。故選E。Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，依據其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應為150左右。Ifetchedmymailasusual.Suddenlyacolorfulflyer(傳單)jumpedintomysight.Inthemiddlewasadrawingofanold-fashionedphone,liketheonemygreat-auntSarahadowned40yearsagoandatthebottomwasaphonenumber.Runningmyeyesoverit,Icouldn'thelplaughing.“Isthatmailfunny？”myten-year-olddaughter,Jenny,asked.“Notreally，”Iadmitted.“It'saboutWake-upService.Outdatedalready.”“What'sthat？”shefrowned(皺眉).Iexplainedhow,beforesmart-phones,peoplesometimespaidsomeonetowakethemwithacall.“Whosentthisflyer？”shepressed.Ishookmyhead.“Probablysomeoneolderandhecouldusesomemoney.”Isaid.Hereyeslitup.“Canweorderawake-up？”sheasked.“Nokidding.Withsmartphonesathand,whowillneedit?Andit'snocheapatall.$2.5perday.”Ipickeduptheflyerandheadedfortherecyclingbin.“Wait！”sheshouted.“Ifeelsorryforthewake-upman,ifheneedssomemoney，”shesaid,tearingup.“Can'tweorder？”Ilookedattheflyerwithitsdrawingofanold-fashionedphone.Iremembered,again,mygreat-auntSaraandheroldphone.Asakid,I'dvisitedheroverLaborDaywhenJerryLewiswouldhosthischarity(慈善)eventforthedisabledkids.AuntSarawouldgraspmyhandtightly,andthenreachforthetelephone,dialingthenumberonthescreen.Holdingthereceiverbetweenus,we'dannouncetotheoperator,“We'dliketohelpthosekids.”Butnowherewasmyownchild,showingthesamebigheartI'doncebeenencouragedtohave,andhowcouldIignore(忽視)her?IGoogledflyer'stelephonenumber.ThenumberbelongedtoamancalledRaymond.答案Paragraph1：Jennydialedthenumber.Tohersurprise,thevoicewasquiteyoung,softandfriendly.“CanIordertheWake-upService？”Jennyasked.“Sure