專項38閱讀理解之記敘文

備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語精選考點(diǎn)專項突破

考點(diǎn)詳解

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一、材料特點(diǎn)

人物故事類的閱讀理解是中考英語的?？疾牧现?這類文章一般可分為人物傳記和短篇故事兩類。

i.人物傳記主要涉及某人的生平事跡、趣聞軼事、生活背景、個性特征、成長和奮斗歷程等，其特點(diǎn)

是以時間的先后或事件的發(fā)展為主線，脈絡(luò)清楚，可讀性較強(qiáng)。

2.短篇故事與人物傳記不同的是，這類文章一般描述的是某一件具體事情的發(fā)生發(fā)展或結(jié)局，有人物、

時間、地點(diǎn)和事件。命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的態(tài)度及意圖、故事前因和后

果的推測等方面著手，考查考生對細(xì)節(jié)的辨認(rèn)能力以及推理判斷能力。

二、解題技巧

1.閱讀人物傳記類文章時應(yīng)該抓住時間線索來獲取有關(guān)信息，即主人翁在某個時間做過什么，然后通

過分析推理、綜合歸納的方法進(jìn)行解題。

2.閱讀短篇故事類材料時，同學(xué)們一定要根據(jù)主要情節(jié)掌握文章主旨大意，同時抓住每一個細(xì)節(jié)，設(shè)

身處地地根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容揣摩作者的態(tài)度和意圖，根據(jù)情節(jié)展開想象，這樣的話即使是深層理解題也可迎刃

而解。

4盡真題再現(xiàn)

A

（2022?山東東營?中考真題）

I'mgoodinschool.Idomyworkandstudyalot,butforsomereason,Ihaveaverybadhabitoflosingthings.

Lastsummer,Iwasonvacationwithmyfamilyatthebeach.Onthefirstday,myfathergavemeawatchto

taketheplaceoftheoneIhadlosttheyearbefore.t4Youneedtohaveawatch,sotakegoodcareofthisone,^^he

said.

Thenextday,Iwentswimming.Thesunwasshiningonthewater.Thewaterwaswarmandbeautiful.Iswam.

IfloatedG票浮）.1dove（潛水）.Ireallyenjoyedbeinginthewater.

BythetimeIreturnedtobeach,IwasquitetiredsoIlaydown.Atthatmoment,Irememberedmywatchand

lookedtoseewhattimeitwas.Butitwasgone!Isearchedallafternoon,butIcouldnotfindit.

Thatnightatdinner,Iarrivedwithmysleeves（衣袖）pulleddown,hopingnoonewouldnoticethatIdidn't

havemywatch.

Mysisterasked,“Whattimeisit?”

“AskTom,,,mymothersaid."Hehastheexpensivenewwatch.”

Dadlookedatmeandsaid,"Don'ttellmethatyou'velostthewatchalready!?,

“No!"Isaid.Iwassweating（出汗）withgreatfear.IknewIwasgoingtobecaughtinaterriblelie（謊言）.

Justthen,therewasanannouncement,“Ladiesandgentlemen,averynicewatchwasfoundonthebeachtoday.If

youlostoneandcanidentify（確認(rèn)）it,pleaseetothefrontdesk.”

Immediately（立亥I）,IknewwhatIhadtodo.Islowlygotup,withmywholefamilystaringatme.Iwentto

thedesk.Thereitwas.Thewatchwasnotbroken.Itwasstillworking.

Iwalkedbacktothetable,satdownandsaidinalowvoice,tuFmsorryIdidn'ttellthetruth.Myfamily

smiled.TheyknewthatIhadfinallylearnedmylesson.

1.Tom'sfathergavehimanewwatchbecauseTom.

A.neededoneB.wasonvacationC.dislikedhisoldoneD.behavedwellatschool

2.WhatdidTomdowhenhefoundthewatchwasgone?

A.Hetoldhisfatheraboutthat.B.Heaskedthefrontdeskforhelp.

C.Hespentallafternoonsearchingforit.D.Hedidnothingandcontinuedlyingonthebeach.

3.HowmightTomfeelaftersaying"No"?

A.Upset.B.Worried.C.Relaxed.D.Disappointed.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Tomstudieshard.B.Tomswimswell.C.Tomalwaystellslies.D.Tomoftenlosesthings.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)esson“inthelastsentencereferto?

A.Takegoodcareofourthings.B.It'simportanttolistentoparents.

C.Weshouldexcuseothers5mistakes.D.Facemistakesbravelyratherthantellinglies.

B

（2022吶蒙古呼和浩特?中考真題）

Inthecave,Isawgoldcoinsinacomer.TheywereFlinfstreasure!Wehadesofartofindthis.Alreadyithad

costthelivesofseventeenmenfromtheHispaniola.Andhowmanyothers?Howmanyshipshadgonetothe

bottomofthesea?Howmanybravemenhadbeenkilledforthis?Perhapsnomanalivecouldtell.

Nextmorning,wemovedallthegoldtothebeach.ThenwetookitbyboattotheHispaniola.Itwasabigjob

forsosmallanumberofmen.

Thenatlast,onesunnymorning,wesailedoutofNorthInletandtowardsthenearestport（港口）inSpanish

America.Beforeafternoon,TreasureIslandhaddisappearedfromview,andIhadneverfelthappiertoleaveaplace

behind.

Thesunwasgoingdownwhenwesailedintotheport,andthedoctorandMrTrelawneytookmetothebeach.

Whenwecameback,BenGunnwaswaitingforus.

"Silverhasgone,"hetoldus,“butnotemptyhanded.He'stakenoneofthebagsofcoinsperhapsworththree

orfourhundredguineas.^^

Ithinkwewereallpleasedtolosethebadmanatsosmallaprice.

Wefoundsomesailorsfortheshipattheport,andthenhadagoodjourneyhome.Onlyfiveofthemenwho

hadsailedfromBristolwiththeHispaniolareturnedwithher.Wealltookalargepieceofthetreasure.Someusedit

wisely,butsomedidnot.

CaptainSmollettnolongergoestosea.Graysavedhismoneyandnowisahalfbwnerandcaptainofafine

ship.BenGunngotathousandpoundswhichhespentorlostinthreeweeks,thenhecamebeggingandwasgivena

jobasagatekeeper.

OfSilverwehaveheardnomore.Thatscaryseamanwithoneleghasgoneoutofmylife.Iwillneverreturn

toTreasureIsland,butinmyworstdreamsIstillhearthesharp,highcriesofCaptainFlinttheparrot,"'Piecesof

eight!Piecesofeight!,?

一AdaptedfromTreasureIsland

6.WhatdoyouknowfromParagraph1?

A.Seventeenpeoplelefttheislandontheship.

B.Thereweresomanygoldcoinsintheships.

C.Manypeoplelosttheirlivesforthetreasure.

D.Onlythewriterfoundgoldcoinsinthecave.

7.Whichistherightorderofthestory?

a.Wesailedintotheport.

b.WesailedoutofNorthInlet.

c.Wemovedallthegoldtothebeach.

d.wetookitbyboattotheHispaniola.

A.cbdaB.cdbaC.badcD.bdac

8.WhichwastrueaboutSilver?

A.Heleftwithabagofgold.B.Hetookthewritertothebeach.

C.Heleftwithemptyhands.D.Hewenthomewiththewriter.

9.Theunderlinedword"her"refersto

A.TreasureIslandB.NorthInlet

C.BristolD.theHispaniola

10.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Astoryaboutlivingonanisland.

B.Astoryabouttakingarelaxingtrip.

C.Astoryaboutlookingfortreasure.

D.Astoryaboutfindingdifferentjobs.

模擬檢測

C

（2022?山東荷澤?三模）

LuisMoralesis18yearsoldandesfromatinyvillageinColombia.UntilaboutsevenyearsagooneofLuis's

favoriteswastogointothethickforestaroundhishometohunt（獵殺）wildanimals,especiallybirds.Now,

however,heandagroupofotherlocalyouthsworkwithaninternationalorganizationcalledWildlifeWorld,to

studyandprotectthebirdsandtheirenvironment.

WildlifeWorldhassetupseveralofthesegroupsacrossthearea."Informationwegetfromthechildrenhelps

uslearnhowthebirdsandotheranimalsusetheforest,whattheyeatandhowbestwecanprotectthem.The

projecthasworkedverywellandwehopetosetupmoregroupsinthefuture,saysarealeaderFelipeRamos.

Luisistheoldestandmostexperiencedmemberofhisgroup."'BeforeIjoined,Iplannedtobeadoctorand

leavethevillageassoonasIwasoldenough,“Luissays."ButnowIwanttogotouniversity,beeascientistand

returnheretosavethesebirdsandtheirenvironment.Beingpartofthegrouphashadahugeeffect（影響）onme.”

Luisalsospendstimewiththeyoungerchildreninthevillage.t6Thereisnotmuchtodohereafterschool,he

says,44soItrytoaskthemtojoininouractivities.Aswellasbirdwatchingandnaturestudies,wealsododrama

andart.Thedramahasbeensuccessfulandwenowhaveatheatergroupof30children.Wetourinthearea,

performingdifferentplays.^^

11.Sevenyearsago,whatwasLuis'sattitudetowardsbirdsintheforest?

A.Heknewtheywereindanger.

B.Hethoughtitwasfuntohuntthem.

C.Hewasnotinterestedinthematall.

12.WhatdothechildrendoforWildlifeWorld?

A.Theyusetheforestwell.

B.Theyhelplookafterwildlife.

C.Theyprovidevaluableinformation.

13.ToknowwhatLuisdoeswiththeyoungerchildreninhisvillage,wecanread.

A.Paragraph2B.Paragraph3C.Paragraph4

14.Thewriterwrotethepassagemainlyto.

A.explainwhyenvironmentalprotectionisimportant

B.showhowWildlifeWorldhaschangedaboy

C.suggestwaystohelptheenvironment

D

（2022?山東?青島市嶗山區(qū)育才學(xué)校二模）

DuringtheTangDynasty,EmperorTaizongaskedtheprimeministerFengDeyitolookfortalentedpeople.

However,severalmonthspassed,Fengdidn'tfindanyone.

“Itriedmybest,buttherearenotunusualandwellroundedpeopleatall,^^Fengsaid.

“Peoplearelikeutensils（器物）.Whatweneedtodoistomakegooduseoftheirstrengths.Youshouldblame

（責(zé)怪）yourselffornotnoticingtalentedpeople.Howcouldyousaythattherearenotalentedpeopleinour

country?^^saidtheemperor.

Itisreallytruethateachutensilortoolhasaspecificuse.Aknifeismadetocutthingswhilechopsticksare

madetopickupfood.Wecan'tuseaknifeaschopsticks.Likeautensil,eachpersonhasaspecialstrength.Nobody

isperfect.Wecan'texpectapersontobegoodateverything.

Withthisideainmind,EmperorTaizongdiscoveredmanytalentedpeopleofdifferentbackgrounds.He

offeredthemimportantpositions,whichhelpedthemmakethemostoftheirtalents.AgoodexampleisMaZhou,

whogrewupinapoorfamily.Magavealotofusefuladvice,soEmperorTaizongofferedhimapositionand

promoted（晉升）himmanytimes.Mahelpedtheemperordealwithdifficultproblemsandbecameafamousperson

inhistory.Duringthatperiod,theimportantofficialsaroundEmperorTaizong,suchasFangXuanling,WeiZheng,

LiJing,allwerethebrightestandthebestofthetimewiththeirow