單元提升卷06Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld單元基礎(chǔ)知識鞏固I.拓展詞匯變形systemn．體系；制度；系統(tǒng)→systematicadj.系統(tǒng)的→systematicallyadv.系統(tǒng)地refervi.提到；參考；查閱vt.查詢；叫……求助于→referencen.參考basevt.以……為據(jù)點(diǎn)；以……為基礎(chǔ)n.底部；根據(jù)→basedadj.以(某事)為基礎(chǔ)的；以……為重要部分(或特征)的→basicadj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的varietyn.(植物、語言等的)變體；異體；多樣化→varyvi.不同；變化→variousadj.不同的；各種各樣的appreciatevt.欣賞；重視；感激；領(lǐng)會vi.增值→appreciationn.欣賞；感激；領(lǐng)會；重視regardn.尊重；關(guān)注vt.把……視為；看待→regardingprep.關(guān)于globaladj.全球的；全世界的→globallyadv.全球地；全世界地specificadj.特定的；明確的；具體的→specificallyadv.特定地；明確地；具體地majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修課程；主修學(xué)生vi.主修；專門研究→majorityn.多數(shù)；大多數(shù)relatevt.聯(lián)系；講述→relatedadj.相關(guān)的；有聯(lián)系的→relationn.關(guān)系；聯(lián)系symboln.符號；象征→symbolicadj.象征的；象征性的→symbolizevt.象征；是……的象征civilisationn.文明；文明世界→civilisedadj.文明的equaln.同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同樣的→eq\a\vs4\al(equally)adv.相同地；同樣地→equalityn.平等demandn.要求；需求vt.強(qiáng)烈要求；需要vi.查問→demandingadj.要求高的；苛求的descriptionn.描寫(文字)；形容→describevt.描述；描寫relatevt.聯(lián)系；講述→relatedadj.相關(guān)的；有聯(lián)系的→relationn.關(guān)系；聯(lián)系II.核心短語互譯attitudetowards/to對……的態(tài)度referto指的是；描述；提到；查閱payattentionto注意dateback(to...)追溯到upsanddowns浮沉；興衰；榮辱beknownfor因……著名beseen/regardedas被看作beofgreatimportance至關(guān)重要playagreatrolein在……中起重要作用leadto導(dǎo)致pointofview觀點(diǎn)；看法getusedto適應(yīng)；習(xí)慣于relateto與……相關(guān)；涉及；談到giveup放棄havetroublewithsth.做某事有困難dependon取決于；依靠；依賴match...with...用……搭配……officiallanguage官方語言beconnectedwith與……有關(guān)atthebeginning一開始developinto發(fā)展成為globalaffairs全球事務(wù)nomatterwhere,who,what,etc.不論……；不管……beconsideredtobe被認(rèn)為是berelatedto與……有關(guān)一、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子1．Dividethecakeintoquartersandshareit(equal).2．Whenwe’reonholidayinCanada,welivelikethe(native).3．ThebananaisnativeTaiwan.4．Lookingafterbabiesisa(demand)job.5．Theworkersdemanded(tell)whathadhappenedtothefactory.6．Noonewillappreciate(treat)likeasecond-classcitizen.7．Hebegged(tell)thetruth,buthismotherrefusedtotellhim.8．Theconflicthaddevelopedintoastagethetwocountriesweregatheringbigtroopsontheborder.9．Thecouplejustgetsregisteredatthegovernmentoffice.Marriage(regard)asacardinalissuesinceancienttimes.10．YoucanreferthisdictionaryifyouhaveanydifficultyinlearningEnglish.11．The(major)ofthemdemandthatfoodandwatershouldbesuppliedintime.12．Ourschoolwillorganizesomecampusactivities,like“EnglishEvening”,aplatformstudentscanshowtheirEnglish.13．“Spongesbecomebiggerandbiggerovertime;anotherfossilpiece(date)backtoaround300millionyearsagowasalsorecentlydiscoveredinIreland,forexample.14．A(beg)issomeonewholivesbyaskingpeopleformoneyorfood.15．Whathestressedwasrelatedteenagers’education.16．Thepositioncallsfor(relate)experienceinthefieldandgoodskillsatusingcomputers.17．Thearticlegivesadetailed(describe)ofthebeautyofMountTianshan.18．Trendstowardthe(global)ofindustryhavedramaticallyaffectedfoodproductioninCalifornia.19．Atthattime,people(carve)somesymbolsonanimalbonesandshells.20．Everymeans(have)beenusedtocalmthewomandown.21．Onthe(base)ofyourbasicknowledgeaboutthehistoryoftheTangDynasty,IthinkiteasierforyoutounderstandTangpoems.22．Itisapitythatsomepeoplecan’tgobackhomeattheSpringFestivalfor(vary)reasons.23．Theyhavedevelopedtheirfriendshiptoastagetheysharehappinessandsufferings.24．Nomatterweare,weareabletokeepincontactwithlovedoneswithallsortsofcommunicationsoftware.25．TheofthestudentslookforwardtoinEnglishbecauseEnglishcanfindajobeasily.(major)26．Iamsorrytohearthatyouhavetrouble(improve)yourEnglishatthenewschool.27．thefactthatshewaswearingaseatbelt,shewasthrownsharplyforward.28．In(refer)tothetopicwedebatedyesterday,itisnogoodsayingmore.29．Heopensadoorwhichourimaginationentersanewworld,aworldoflove,beautyandheroism.30．Bonessymbolswerecarved,knownas“oraclebones”,havecontributedalottoourunderstandingofChina’spast.1．equally【詳解】考查副詞。句意：把蛋糕分成四份，然后平均分享。設(shè)空處修飾動詞share，故用副詞equally“平等地，相等地”，作狀語。故填equally。2．natives【詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：當(dāng)我們在加拿大度假時，我們像當(dāng)?shù)厝艘粯由睢４颂幨褂妹~native“本地人，當(dāng)?shù)厝恕保Y(jié)合句意可知，當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬恢挂粋€，應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，作like的賓語。故填natives。3．to【詳解】考查介詞。句意：香蕉原產(chǎn)于臺灣。benativeto為固定搭配，表示“原產(chǎn)于……”。故填to。4．demanding【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：照看嬰兒是一項要求很高的工作?？仗幮揎椕~job，應(yīng)用形容詞demanding作定語，故填demanding。5．tobetold【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：工人們要求知道工廠發(fā)生了什么事。此處為固定搭配demandtodosth.“要求做某事”，不定式作賓語，主語Theworkers與動詞tell之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，用不定式的被動語態(tài)tobedone。故填tobetold。6．beingtreated【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：沒有人會喜歡被當(dāng)作二等公民對待。句中appreciatedoing為固定短語，意為“感激做某事”，使用動名詞作賓語，句中noone與treat之間是被動關(guān)系，故使用動名詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。故填beingtreated。7．tobetold【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他請求母親告訴他實情，但他母親拒絕告訴他。句中begtodo為固定短語，意為“乞求做某事”，使用不定式作賓語，此處he與tell之間是被動關(guān)系，故使用不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。故填tobetold。8．where【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：沖突已經(jīng)發(fā)展到兩國在邊境集結(jié)大量軍隊的階段。空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞astage，表示抽象地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，需用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。9．hasbeenregarded【詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)及主謂一致。句意：自古以來，婚姻就被視為頭等大事。設(shè)空處作謂語，marriage與regard之間是被動關(guān)系，根據(jù)sinceancienttimes可知謂語要用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，主語marriage是不可數(shù)名詞，助動詞用has。故填hasbeenregarded。10．to【詳解】考查介詞。句意：如果你在學(xué)習(xí)英語時遇到任何困難，可以參考這本詞典。referto“參考，查閱”為固定搭配。故填to。11．majority【詳解】考查名詞。句意：他們中的大多數(shù)人要求及時供應(yīng)食物和水。themajorityof為固定短語，意為“大多數(shù)…….”，此處需要名詞，major的名詞形式是majority，故填majority。12．where【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我們學(xué)校將組織一些校園活動，比如“英語之夜”，一個學(xué)生可以展示英語的平臺。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞aplatform，關(guān)系詞指代先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故填where。13．dating【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：例如，另一塊可追溯到約3億年前的化石碎片最近在愛爾蘭被發(fā)現(xiàn)。句中wasdiscovered為謂語動詞,設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞作后置定語，被修飾詞anotherfossilpiece和動詞date是主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填dating。14．beggar【詳解】考查名詞。句意：乞丐是靠向別人要錢或食物為生的人?？仗幮杼蠲~beggar，作主語，不定冠詞a修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。故填beggar。15．to【詳解】考查介詞。句意：他所強(qiáng)調(diào)的與青少年的教育有關(guān)。結(jié)合句意可知，此處應(yīng)為固定短語berelatedto意為“與……有關(guān)”，所以此處使用介詞to。故填to。16．related【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：這個職位要求有該領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗和良好的計算機(jī)使用技能。此空為形容詞作定語修飾名詞experience，relate的形容詞為related意為“相關(guān)的”符合句意。故填related。17．description【詳解】考查名詞。句意：這篇文章詳細(xì)地描述了天山的美麗。a后接名詞單數(shù)description作賓語。故填description。18．globalization【詳解】考查名詞。句意：工業(yè)全球化的趨勢極大地影響了加州的糧食生產(chǎn)。此空為名詞作賓語，global的名詞為globalization意為“全球化”，且為不可數(shù)名詞。故填globalization。19．carved【詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：那時，人們在動物的骨頭和貝殼上刻了一些符號。根據(jù)時間狀語Atthattime可知，句子應(yīng)用一般過去時，空處應(yīng)用動詞的過去式形式。故填carved。20．has【詳解】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：已用盡一切辦法使那女人平靜下來。此空為句子的謂語部分，結(jié)合句意以及提示詞可知，此處應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，主語means意為“方式，方法”為單復(fù)數(shù)同形，every修飾means表示單數(shù)意義，所以謂語動詞為單數(shù)形式。故填has。21．basis【詳解】考查名詞。句意：基于你對唐朝歷史的基本了解，我認(rèn)為你更容易理解唐詩。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處用作介詞On的賓語，構(gòu)成固定短語onthebasisof表示“基于”，故填basis。22．various【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：很遺憾有些人因為各種各樣的原因不能在春節(jié)期間回家。根據(jù)空后名詞“reasons”可知，空處應(yīng)用vary的形容詞形式various“各種各樣的，不同的”，作定語修飾名詞reasons。故填various。23．where【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他們的友誼已經(jīng)到達(dá)了可以分享痛苦和幸福的階段。此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為stage，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)，故填where。24．where【詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：無論我們在哪里，我們都可以通過各種通信軟件與親人保持聯(lián)系。結(jié)合句意可知，此處指“無論我們在哪里”，使用nomatterwhere引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，故填where。25．majoritymajoringmajors【詳解】考查名詞和動名詞。句意：大多數(shù)學(xué)生都希望主修英語，因為英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生很容易找到工作。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第一空為固定短語themajorityof意為“大多數(shù)……”所以第一空為major的名詞majority；第二空為非謂語動詞作賓語，根據(jù)lookforwardto中的to為介詞可知，此處應(yīng)為動名詞形式作賓語，所以第二空應(yīng)為majoring；第三空為名詞作主語，結(jié)合句意可知，此處指的是“英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生”，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處使用名詞作主語，空前無限定詞，所以使用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式majors表示泛指，意為“主修學(xué)生”，第三空應(yīng)為majors。故填①majority；②majoring；③majors。26．improving【詳解】考查動名詞。句意：聽說你在新學(xué)校很難提高英語水平，我感到很遺憾。havetroubledoingsth.是固定短語，意為“做某事有困難”，因此空格處用動名詞improving作賓語，故填improving。27．Despite【詳解】考查介詞。句意：盡管她系了安全帶，她還是被猛地向前甩了出去。結(jié)合句意可知，空處表示“盡管”，應(yīng)用介詞despite，名詞fact作其賓語；位于句首，首字母大寫。故填Despite。28．reference【詳解】考查名詞。句意：關(guān)于我們昨天辯論的話題，再多說也沒用。根據(jù)句意可知，此處使用名詞reference，作賓語，構(gòu)查固定搭配inreferenceto“關(guān)于……”。故填reference。29．through【詳解】考查介詞。句意：他打開了一扇門，通過這扇門，我們的想象力進(jìn)入了一個新世界，一個充滿愛、美和英雄主義的世界。分析句子可知，此處用“介詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句，“通過”使用介詞through，先行詞是door，關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞through的賓語。故填through。30．where【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：雕刻符號的骨頭，被稱為“甲骨”，為我們理解中國的過去做出了很大貢獻(xiàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞Bones，指物，且從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where。故填where。二、單詞拼寫31．Shepromisedtohelpmemoveintomynew(公寓套房)ontheweekend.32．Wouldyouliketotakethe(地鐵)togetthere?33．Itwaslast(學(xué)期)thatIbegantoappreciateclassicworks.34．Ihavegivenaspecific(描述)ofthesymbolscarvedonthebone.35．Whatyousaidwascompletelyuntrue,andI(要求)animmediateapology.36．Forthisreason,learningFrenchisn’ta(費(fèi)力的事)formeatall.37．Theactivitynotonlystrengthenedtheirfriendshipbutalsobuiltuptheir(性格).38．(盡管)theheavyrain,theywentonworkinghard.39．Itriedevery(方法)togetchildreninterestedinmyclass.40．Shemadea(n)(提及)toherpreviousexperienceintheindustryduringtheinterview.41．This(全球的)siteisaplaceforrunnerstosharetheirstoriesaboutrunning.42．Iwould(感激)itifyoucouldpayincash.43．Chinaisacountrywithalong(文明)of5000years.44．Thisculturalprogrammeisaimedtoencourageteenagerstoreadmore(經(jīng)典作品).45．Notonlydidtheraceimproveourphysicalandpsychologicalquality,butitalsohelpedusbuildapositive(態(tài)度)towardslife.31．a(chǎn)partment【詳解】考查名詞。句意：她答應(yīng)周末幫我搬進(jìn)新公寓。設(shè)空處使用名詞作賓語，表示“公寓套房”用apartment。故填apartment。32．subway【詳解】考查名詞。句意：你想坐地鐵去那里嗎？設(shè)空處使用名詞作賓語，表示“地鐵”用subway。故填subway。33．semester【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我是在上學(xué)期開始欣賞經(jīng)典作品的。此處應(yīng)填名詞，根據(jù)詞義“學(xué)期”可知，為semester，lastsemester：上學(xué)期，它是原句中的時間狀語，作為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分，故填semester。34．description【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我對骨頭上雕刻的符號做了具體的描述。此處使用名詞作賓語，根據(jù)詞義“描述”可知，為description，它前面有a修飾，故填description。35．demand【詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：你所說的完全不是事實，我要求你立即道歉。根據(jù)漢語提示“要求”可知，此處為動詞demand，陳述客觀事實，使用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為I，謂語動詞用原形。故填demand。36．struggle【詳解】考查名詞。句意：因此，學(xué)習(xí)法語對我來說一點(diǎn)也不困難。根據(jù)漢語提示“費(fèi)力的事”，以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處需要名詞struggle充當(dāng)表語，根據(jù)前面的不定冠詞a可知，應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式。故填struggle。37．characters【詳解】考查名詞。句意：該活動不僅加強(qiáng)了他們的友誼，還塑造了他們的性格。根據(jù)句意及漢語提示可知，空處應(yīng)填可數(shù)名詞character“性格”作賓語，前面有their修飾，用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填characters。38．Despite【詳解】考查介詞。句意：盡管下著大雨，他們還是繼續(xù)努力工作。此處應(yīng)填介詞，根據(jù)詞義“盡管”可知，為despite，首字母大寫，故填Despite。39．means【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我想盡一切辦法讓孩子們對我的課感興趣。根據(jù)漢語提示“方法”可知，此處為名詞means，作賓語，由every可知，應(yīng)用單數(shù)，means單復(fù)數(shù)同形。故填means。40．reference【詳解】考查名詞。句意：她在面試中提到了她以前在這個行業(yè)的經(jīng)驗。漢語提示“提及”為reference，作賓語。根據(jù)a可知，用單數(shù)形式。故填reference。41．global【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：這個全球網(wǎng)站是跑步者分享他們跑步故事的地方。根據(jù)漢語提示可知應(yīng)用形容詞global，作定語修飾名詞site。故填global。42．a(chǎn)ppreciate【詳解】考查動詞。句意：如果你能付現(xiàn)金，我會很感激的。根據(jù)漢語提示“感激”可知，此處為動詞appreciate，位于情態(tài)動詞would后面，使用動詞原形。故填appreciate。43．civilisation/civilization【詳解】考查名詞。句意：中國是一個有著5000年悠久文明史的國家。根據(jù)漢語提示可知，空格處需要填入文明，civilisation或者civilization意為“文明”；空格前有a，所以用單數(shù)。故填civilisation或者civilization。44．classics【詳解】考查名詞。句意：這個文化節(jié)目的目的是鼓勵青少年多讀名著。根據(jù)漢語提示“經(jīng)典作品”可知，空處需填名詞classic，作賓語，more后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填classics。45．a(chǎn)ttitude【詳解】考查名詞。句意：比賽不僅提高了我們的身體和心理素質(zhì)，還幫助我們建立了積極的生活態(tài)度。根據(jù)漢語提示可知，attitude“態(tài)度”，可數(shù)名詞，由空前的a可知應(yīng)用名詞單數(shù)，作動詞build的賓語，故填attitude。高考能力提升三、閱讀理解“Learningaboutone’sownculture,aswellasthecultureofothers,isimportant,”saysSanamAkhlagh,whosetupPardisforChildren.LocatedinNewYorkCity,thenonprofitbringsIranian-Americanfamiliestogetherandoffersafter-schoolprogramsforchildrentolearnabouttheirheritage.ClassesexploreIranianmusic,art,andhistory,amongothertopics.Akhlaghhasalwaysbeeninterestedineducation,kids,andculture,Butshefeltavoid(空虛)beforesettingupPardisin2011.Shehadn’tbeenabletogettogetherwithfriendswhoshareherIranianheritageperiodically.Shealsothoughtherchildrenneededthatcommunity.“Iwantkidstoknowtheircultureandlanguage,”Akhlaghsaid,“Soifthey’reIranian,theyactuallyknowwhatthatmeans.”Butshealsowantsthemtocreateabond.“Iwantthemtobuildacommunitythatthey’llhopefullykeep,andstayfiendstogetherforyearstocome,”shesaid,“wantthemtohaveabeautiful,positivememory(回憶)relatedtoIraniancultureandthePersianlanguage.”Learningaboutyourowncultureandlanguage,andunderstandingotherculturesfromaroundtheworld,Akhlaghexplained,makesyouaricherandmoretolerant(寬容的)person.Italsomakesyouappreciateotherpeople’swayoflife.“Theexchangeofculturesisofgreatimportance,”Akhlaghsaid.“Itismuchhardertocallpeopleofcertaincountriesorculturesyourenemywhenyouactuallyknowthem.Whenyoueattheirfood,orwhenyoudancetotheirmusictogether,whenyoureadtheirliterature,itbecomesmorereal,andyoustartappreciatingeveryone.”Whenaskedheradviceforyoungpeople,Akhlaghencouragedexplorationanddiscovery.“Ifyouhavetheopportunity,alwaysbecurioustomakefriends,”shesaid.“Gettoknowpeoplefromdifferentculturesandbecurious.Alwaystrytoknowmoreandtravel.”46．WhatisthepurposeofPardisforChildren?A．Toenrichchildren’ssociallife. B．Toimprovechildren’sartisticabilities.C．ToeducatechildrenonIranianculture. D．Todevelopchildren’slovefortheircountry.47．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bond”meaninparagraph4?A．Custom. B．Program. C．Relationship. D．Schedule.48．WhatdoesAkhlaghthinkoftheexchangeofcultures?A．Itisawayoflife. B．Itcanpromotepeace.C．Itisachancetogrow D．Itincreasesyourwealth.49．WhatisAkhlagh’sadviceforyoungpeople?A．Caringmoreabouttheirfriends. B．Beingopentodifferentcultures.C．Takingeveryopportunitytostudy. D．Feelingconfidentaboutmakingfriends.Theprodigiousabilityofourspeciestorapidlyassimilatevocabulary,expandingfromamere300lexemesbythetenderageoftwotoanimpressiverepertoireexceeding1,000bytheageoffour,remainsasubjectofprofoundenigma.Certainscholarsintherealmsofcognitivescienceandlinguisticshavepositedthatthehumanmindenterstheworldequippedwithinnatecognitivepredispositionsandlogicalparametersthatfacilitatethislinguisticfeat.However,recentadvancementsinthesphereofmachinelearninghaveunveiledthepotentialforswiftacquisitionofsemanticunderstandingfromsparsedata,eschewingtheneedforpreconceived,hardwiredassumptions.Anensembleofresearchershastriumphantlyhonedarudimentaryartificialintelligenceconstructtocorrelatevisualrepresentationswiththeircorrespondinglexicalentities,utilizingamere61hoursofambientvisualrecordingsandauditorydata—previouslyamassedfromanindividualknownasSamduringtheyears2013and2014.Thoughthisrepresentsbutaminusculefractionofachild’sdevelopmentalchronicle,ittranspiresthatthiswassufficientlyinformativetoprompttheAIindiscerningthesignificanceofselectvocables.Theserevelationsintimatethattheprocessoflinguisticacquisitionmaybemorestraightforwardthanhithertopresumed.Itisconceivablethatthejuvenileminddoesnotnecessitateatailor-made,sophisticatedlinguisticapparatustoadeptlyapprehendtheessenceofwords,positsJessicaSullivan,anadjunctprofessorofpsychologyatSkidmoreCollege.“Thisisanexceptionallyelegantinquiry,”shearticulates,asitpresentscorroborativeevidencethatrudimentarydataextractedfromachild’sperspectiveissufficientlyabundanttoinitiatetheprocessesofpatternrecognitionandlexicalassimilation.Therecentscholarlyendeavoralsoillustratestheplausibilityofmachinesemulatingthelearningmodalitiesinherenttohumancognition.Vastlinguisticmodelsaretypicallynurturedoncolossaldatasetsencompassingbillions,ifnottrillions,oflexicalpermutations.Instarkcontrast,humanbeingsmanagewithasignificantlyreducedinformationalintake,asarticulatedbytheprincipalscribeofthestudy,WaiKeenVong.Withtheappropriategenreofdata,thechasmseparatingmachineandhumanlearningcouldbesubstantiallybridged.Nevertheless,furtherinvestigationiswarrantedinselectdimensionsofthispioneeringresearch.Thesavantsconcedethattheirfindingsdonotconclusivelyelucidatethemechanismsbywhichchildrenamassvocabulary.Additionally,thestudy’spurviewwasconfinedtotheidentificationofnounspertainingtotangibleentities.Despitetheselimitations,thisrepresentsastridetowardamoreprofoundcomprehensionofourowncognitivefaculties,whichmayultimatelycontributetotheenhancementofhumanpedagogicalpractices,accordingtoEvaPortelance,ascholarincomputationallinguistics.SheremarksthatAIresearchhasthepotentialtoshedlightonenigmaticqueriesaboutouressencethathavepersistedovertime.“Wecanharnesstheseparadigmsinasalutarymanner,totheadvantageofscientificdiscoveryandsocietalprogress,”Portelancefurtherelaborates.50．Whatisasignificantfindingofmachine-learningresearch?A．Vocabularyincreasesgraduallywithage.B．Vocabularycanbeacquiredfromminimaldata.C．Languageacquisitionistiedtobuilt-inexpectations.D．Languageacquisitionisascomplexasformerlyassumed.51．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prompt”inparagraph2mean?A．Facilitate. B．Persuade. C．Advise. D．Expect.52．Whatisdiscussedaboutthenewresearchinparagraph5?A．Itslimitations. B．Itsstrengths.C．Itsuniqueness. D．Itsprocess.53．WhatisEvaPortelance’sattitudetotheAIresearch?A．Doubtful. B．Cautious. C．Dismissive. D．Positive.46．C47．C48．B49．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了SanamAkhlagh創(chuàng)立兒童樂園來讓孩子們了解伊朗文化。46．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段““Iwantkidstoknowtheircultureandlanguage,”Akhlaghsaid,“Soifthey’reIranian,theyactuallyknowwhatthatmeans.”(“我想讓孩子們了解他們的文化和語言，”阿赫拉格說，“這樣，如果他們是伊朗人，他們就會知道這意味著什么?！?”可知，兒童樂園的目的是對孩子們進(jìn)行伊朗文化教育。故選C。47．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文““Iwantthemtobuildacommunitythatthey’llhopefullykeep,andstayfiendstogetherforyearstocome,”shesaid,“wantthemtohaveabeautiful,positivememory(回憶)relatedtoIraniancultureandthePersianlanguage.”(她說：“我希望他們能建立一個社區(qū)，希望他們能在未來的歲月里保持朋友的關(guān)系，希望他們能擁有一段與伊朗文化和波斯語有關(guān)的美好、積極的記憶。”)”可知，她希望孩子們之間可以創(chuàng)建關(guān)系。故劃線詞意思是“關(guān)系”。故選C。48．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Itismuchhardertocallpeopleofcertaincountriesorculturesyourenemywhenyouactuallyknowthem.(當(dāng)你真正了解某些國家或文化的人時，把他們稱為敵人要困難得多)”可知，Akhlagh認(rèn)為文化交流能促進(jìn)和平。故選B。49．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whenaskedheradviceforyoungpeople,Akhlaghencouragedexplorationanddiscovery.“Ifyouhavetheopportunity,alwaysbecurioustomakefriends,”shesaid.“Gettoknowpeoplefromdifferentculturesandbecurious.Alwaystrytoknowmoreandtravel.”(當(dāng)被問及她對年輕人的建議時，Akhlagh鼓勵探索和發(fā)現(xiàn)。她說：“如果你有機(jī)會，永遠(yuǎn)保持求知欲，去交朋友。了解來自不同文化背景的人，保持好奇心。永遠(yuǎn)試著去了解更多，去旅行。”)”可知，Akhlagh對年輕人的建議是對不同文化持開放態(tài)度。故選B。50．B51．A52．A53．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。我們?nèi)祟悡碛畜@人的詞匯量，能夠快速吸收詞匯，從兩歲時的300個詞匯量，到四歲時詞匯量超過1000個，這仍然是一個謎。然而，研究表明語言習(xí)得過程可能比迄今為止所認(rèn)為的更為簡單。研究表明，機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的最新進(jìn)展揭示了從少量的數(shù)據(jù)中快速獲取語義理解的潛力，避免了對先入為主的、僵化的假設(shè)的需求。文章主要介紹了機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)人類語言的優(yōu)點(diǎn)及其缺陷。50．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“However,recentadvancementsinthesphereofmachinelearninghaveunveiledthepotentialforswiftacquisitionofsemanticunderstandingfromsparsedata,eschewingtheneedforpreconceived,hardwiredassumptions.(然而，機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的最新進(jìn)展揭示了從少量的數(shù)據(jù)中快速獲取語義理解的潛力，避免了對先入為主的、僵化的假設(shè)的需求。)”和第二段中“Anensembleofresearchershastriumphantlyhonedarudimentaryartificialintelligenceconstructtocorrelatevisualrepresentationswiththeircorrespondinglexicalentities,utilizingamere61hoursofambientvisualrecordingsandauditorydata—previouslyamassedfromanindividualknownasSamduringtheyears2013and2014.(一組研究人員成功地完善了一個基本的人工智能結(jié)構(gòu)，將視覺表征與相應(yīng)的詞匯實體關(guān)聯(lián)起來，只利用了61小時的環(huán)境視覺記錄和聽覺數(shù)據(jù)——這些數(shù)據(jù)是2013年和2014年期間從一個名叫Sam的人那里收集的。)”可知，機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的最新進(jìn)展揭示了從少量的數(shù)據(jù)中快速獲取語義理解的潛力，且一組研究人員成功地完善了一個基本的人工智能結(jié)構(gòu)，將視覺表征與相應(yīng)的詞匯實體關(guān)聯(lián)起來，只利用了61小時的環(huán)境視覺記錄和聽覺數(shù)據(jù)，由此可知，機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)可以從最少的數(shù)據(jù)中獲取詞匯。故選B。51．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“Anensembleofresearchershastriumphantlyhonedarudimentaryartificialintelligenceconstructtocorrelatevisualrepresentationswiththeircorrespondinglexicalentities,utilizingamere61hoursofambientvisualrecordingsandauditorydata—previouslyamassedfromanindividualknownasSamduringtheyears2013and2014.(一組研究人員成功地完善了一個基本的人工智能結(jié)構(gòu)，將視覺表征與相應(yīng)的詞匯實體關(guān)聯(lián)起來，只利用了61小時的環(huán)境視覺記錄和聽覺數(shù)據(jù)——這些數(shù)據(jù)是2013年和2014年期間從一個名叫Sam的人那里收集的。)”和劃線單詞所在句子“Thoughthisrepresentsbutaminusculefractionofachild’sdevelopmentalchronicle,ittranspiresthatthiswassufficientlyinformativetoprompttheAIindiscerningthesignificanceofselectvocables.(雖然這只代表了兒童成長歷程的一小部分，但事實證明，這足以prompt人工智能辨別出特定詞匯的重要性)”可知，研究人員通過觀察一個名為Sam的個體在2013年和2014年收集的61小時的環(huán)境視覺記錄和聽覺數(shù)據(jù)，足以促使AI辨別出特定詞匯的意義，由此可知，劃線單詞意為“促使”，故選A。52．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“Nevertheless,furtherinvestigationiswarrantedinselectdimensionsofthispioneeringresearch.Thesavantsconcedethattheirfindingsdonotconclusivelyelucidatethemechanismsbywhichchildrenamassvocabulary.Additionally,thestudy’spurviewwasconfinedtotheidentificationofnounspertainingtotangibleentities.(盡管如此，這項開創(chuàng)性研究的某些方面仍需要進(jìn)一步研究。這些學(xué)者承認(rèn)，他們的研究結(jié)果并不能最終闡明兒童積累詞匯量的機(jī)制。此外，這項研究的范圍僅限于識別與有形實體有關(guān)的名詞)”可知，第五段主要討論了新研究的局限性，包括研究范圍僅限于識別與有形實體有關(guān)的名詞，以及研究結(jié)果并不能最終闡明兒童積累詞匯量的機(jī)制，故選A。53．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Despitetheselimitations,thisrepresentsastridetowardamoreprofoundcomprehensionofourowncognitivefaculties,whichmayultimatelycontributetotheenhancementofhumanpedagogicalpractices,accordingtoEvaPortelance,ascholarincomputationallinguistics.(計算語言學(xué)學(xué)者伊娃·波特蘭斯(EvaPortelance)表示，盡管存在這些局限性，但這代表著我們朝著更深刻地理解自身認(rèn)知能力邁出了一步，最終可能有助于提高人類的教學(xué)實踐。)”可知，EvaPortelance認(rèn)為AI研究有助于我們更深刻地理解自身認(rèn)知能力，并可能有助于提高人類的教學(xué)實踐，由此可推知，她對AI研究的態(tài)度是積極的，故選D。四、完形填空Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe’vejustwatchedorbookswe’vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple54.Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe55dowithit?Wegossip.Aboutothers’behaviourandprivatelives,suchaswho’sdoingwhatwithwhom,who’sinandwho’soutandwhy;howtodealwithdifficult56situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnaturalwastersofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It’snot57accordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhislatestbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,thepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally58issues.Dunbar59thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively,oreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon’tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,arguesDunbar—60,hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe61ofthehigherprimates(靈長類動物)likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming—cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor62fromoutsideit.Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,Dunbar63thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe64itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto65thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe66tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearly,amore67kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal(有聲的)groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one68contact.54．A．mission B．radiation C．comparison D．gossip55．A．occasionally B．merely C．habitually D．originally56．A．social B．political C．historical D．leisurely57．A．thecase B．thequestion C．theissue D．thekey58．A．financial B．sensitive C．royal D．vital59．A．confirms B．outlines C．dismisses D．broadens60．A．forinstance B．onthecontrary C．inaddition D．a(chǎn)saresult61．A．motivation B．motive C．emotion D．behaviour62．A．inspection B．harmony C．a(chǎn)ttack D．a(chǎn)ssistance63．A．convinces B．comprises C．confesses D．concludes64．A．prospect B．protection C．maintenance D．luxury65．A．discipline B．bother C．maintain D．ease66．A．cast B．consumed C．extended D．floated67．A．common B．efficient C．scientific D．thoughtful68．A．invisible B．daily C．constant D．physical閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thereareabout6,500languagesintheworld,butdidyouknowthatalanguagedisappearseverytwoweeks?InternationalMotherLanguageDay,21February,is69daytocelebrateandprotectallthelanguagesoftheworld.In1999,aspecialdaytopromotemotherlanguages70(create):InternationalMotherLanguageDay.Thedaywasalsointendedtoraise71(aware)ofjusthowmanylanguageswehaveonthisplanetandtoprotectthem.TheideaforthisspecialdaycamefromthecountryofBangladesh,72Bangladeshismark21FebruarywhentheBanglalanguagewas73(official)accepted.Bangladeshiscelebratetheday74holdingliterarycompetitionsandsingingsongs.Other75(country)havealsosetupspecialprojectstomarkthisday.Languageismuchmorethanjustawayof76(communicate).Language,particularlyourmothertongue,isanessentialpartofourculture.Everyonehastheright77(use)theirownmotherlanguageandtokeepthetraditionsandwaysofthinkingthattheirlanguagerepresents.Andthisis78InternationalMotherLanguageDayisallabout.54．D55．C56．A57．A58．D59．C60．B61．D62．C63．D64．B65．D66．C67．B68．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文，研究表明人們的話題大多不是重大的話題討論和研究，而很多是閑聊，這些閑聊是不是浪費(fèi)時間和語言呢？RobinDunbar教授認(rèn)為事實并非如此，他認(rèn)為閑聊是非常重要的，是人類發(fā)展過程中非常重要的交流方式。54．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：研究表明，人類三分之二的談話不是討論當(dāng)天的文化或政治問題，也不是對我們剛剛看過的電影或剛剛讀完的書進(jìn)行激烈的辯論，而是簡單的閑聊。A.mission任務(wù)；B.radiation輻射；C.comparison比較；D.gossip流言蜚語，閑聊。根據(jù)上文“two-thirdsofhumanconversation”可知，此處指談話內(nèi)容是閑聊，下文也多次出現(xiàn)gossip一詞，故選D。55．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一個物種，語言是我們最大的財富，我們習(xí)慣用它做什么？A.occasionally偶爾；B.merely僅僅，只不過；C.habitually習(xí)慣性地，經(jīng)常地；D.originally起初。根據(jù)“Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies”可知，語言是我們最大的財富，我們習(xí)慣用它做什么？故選C。56．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：關(guān)于別人的行為和私人生活，比如誰和誰在一起做什么，誰在里面，誰不在里面，為什么；如何處理與孩子、愛人和同事有關(guān)的困難社交場合。A.social社會的，社交的；B.political政治的；C.historical歷史的；D.leisurely不慌不忙的，慢悠悠的。根據(jù)“situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues”可知，此處指社交場合，故選A。57．考查固定短語辨析。句意：根據(jù)RobinDunbar教授的說法，情況并非如此。A.thecase情況；B.thequestion問題；C.theissue問題；D.thekey關(guān)鍵。上文“Arewejustnaturalwastersofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?(我們只是天生的時間和語言的浪費(fèi)者嗎？或者我們談?wù)摵芏鄾]有什么特別的事情只是為了避免面對生活中真正重要的問題？)”提出問題，結(jié)合下文談到閑聊的重要性可知，事實并非如此，It’snotthecase“事實/情況并非如此”，固定句型，故選A。58．考查形容詞詞義辨析。