取得英語語法成功的基石句子成分詞類作用例

詞1.（n.）名詞表示人或事物的名稱。Iboughtabook.Sheisastudent.2.(pron.）代詞代替名詞、數(shù)詞等。Thisismyfriend.Helikesthatbookbecause

itisveryusefultohim.PartsofSpeach3.（adj.）形容詞3.（adj.）形容詞3.（adj.）形容詞4.(num.）數(shù)詞4.(num.）數(shù)詞4.(num.）數(shù)詞4.(num.）數(shù)詞4.(num.）數(shù)詞4.(num.）數(shù)詞6.（adv.）副詞6.（adv.）副詞6.（adv.）副詞6.（adv.）副詞6.（adv.）副詞6.（adv.）副詞8.（conj.）連詞8.（conj.）連詞8.（conj.）連詞8.（conj.）連詞8.（conj.）連詞8.（conj.）連詞8.（conj.）連詞8.（conj.）連詞8.（conj.）連詞一、主語主語（subject）:句子說明的人或事物。主語一般位于______。1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playingfootballafterschoolisgreatfun.句首1.WeloveChina.2.Sheseemstired.3.HecanspeakEnglish4.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.二、謂語謂語:說明主語做什么或怎么樣。通常由______充當.動詞常分為實義動詞,連系動詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞.動詞實義動詞連系動詞情態(tài)動詞助動詞（V.）△情態(tài)動詞和助動詞不能單獨充當謂語,必須和實義動詞或系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.1）狀態(tài)系動詞,用來表示主語狀態(tài),只有be（am,is,are,was,were,been,being）一詞Heisateacher.2）持續(xù)系動詞,用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,主要有keep,remain,stayHealwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他開會時總保持沉默。

系動詞3）表像系動詞，用來表示"看起來像"這一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如:Helookstired.Heseems(tobe)verysad.4）感官系動詞，主要有feel,smell,sound,tasteThisflowersmellsverysweet.

5）變化系動詞,表示主語變成什么樣,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,comeHebecamemadafterthat.6）終止系動詞,表示主語已終止動作,主要有prove,turnoutTherumorprovedfalse.這謠言證實有假。Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.他的計劃終于成功了。謂語（V.）實義動詞連系動詞情態(tài)動詞助動詞三、賓語賓語:動作行為的對象，說明主語做什么。一般放在_________或_______后面.1.WestudyEnglish.2.Ourteachersaidthathewouldgothere.3.Heislookingatthedog.△雙賓語:指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。Hegavemetwobooks.及物動詞介詞表語:跟在連系動詞后面的詞語或從句,用來說明主語的身份,特征,狀態(tài).Thetreesturn

green.Theflowersare

beautiful.Myjob

istoteachyouEnglish.Thequestion

ishowwecangetthere.四、表語定語:用來修飾限定_____.Thisisaredcar.Thebuildingistheirteachingbuilding.Thewomandoctorismywife.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.ThemaninfrontofthegateisMr.Li.EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.五、定語名詞狀語:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明時間、地點、方式、因果、條件、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。六、狀語Johnoftencametochatwithme.

Ashewasill,hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.

Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschooltenyearsago.Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.Hecamerunning.(程度目的)（地點伴隨）

（地點時間）（讓步）（方式）(原因)補語是用于補充說明主語或賓語的身份或特征。七、補語EveryonecallshimJack.（賓補）HeiscalledJack.（主補）同位語是位于名詞或代詞后面的個別名詞或名詞詞組,對前者進行補充說明TheGreatWall,oneofthewondersintheworld,attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends.八、同位語一、主語主語可以用下面這些東西表示:1.Thesunrisesintheeast.（）2.Helikesdancing.（）3.Twowillbeenough.()4.Seeingisbelieving.（）6.Toseeistobelieve.（）7.Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.()8.Whatheneedsisabook.（）9.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（）名詞代詞數(shù)詞動名詞不定式疑問詞+不定式從句It作形式主語,that從句是真正的主語當不定式、動名詞或從句在某個句子中作主語時,為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡,避免頭重腳輕,因此常用it作形式主語置于句首,而將真正的主語放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導作用,本身無詞義。什么情況下用it作形式主語？你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語嗎?你懂得翻譯下列句子嗎？1)Itiswrongtotellalie.()

2)Itisnousearguingaboutit.()

3)Itisuncertainwhowillcome.()說謊是錯誤的。爭吵是沒用的。誰要來還不確定。二、賓語賓語可以用下面這些東西表示:1.Shelivedahappylife.()2.Iloveyou.()3.Weneedtwo.()4.Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?()5.HebegantolearnEnglishayearago.()6.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.()7.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?()8.Shefeltitherdutytotakegoodcareofthem.()名詞代詞數(shù)詞動名詞不定式疑問詞+不定式從句It作形式賓語,不定式是真正的賓語二、表語表語可以用下面這些東西表示:Heisateacher.()Myideaisthis.()Shewasthefirsttoarrive.()Ifeelmuchbettertoday./Imustbeoffnow.()Heisoutofdanger.()Thenewswasexciting./Theywereexcitedatthenews.()WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeChinesesowell.()名詞代詞數(shù)詞從句形容詞/副詞介詞短語分詞三、定語定語可以用下面這些東西表示:It’saredcar.()Theyliveintheroomabove.()Mybrotherisateacher.()Webelongtothethirdworld.()Lucy’sfatherisapoorworker.()Mothermadeabirthdaycakeforme.()Themanunderthetreeismyteacher.()Theswimmingboyismybrother./Theboyswimmingintheriverismybrother.()形容詞副詞代詞數(shù)詞名詞所有格名詞介詞短語現(xiàn)在分詞三、定語定語可以用下面這些東西表示:Ilikedthefoodcookedbymymother./Retiredpeoplehaveagoodtimeathome.()Therearetwothingstobediscussedtoday.（）Willyoutellusaboutyourteachingplan?（）ThisistheverybookthatIneed.（）過去分詞不定式動名詞從句四、狀語狀語可以用下面這些東西表示:Heisoftenlateforclass.()Wesawthatpictureatthecinema.()Hesattheresmoking.()Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.（）Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.（）Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.()TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tliftit.()副詞,程度介詞短語,地點分詞,伴隨不定式,目的形容詞,狀態(tài)讓步狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句四、狀語狀語可以用下面這些東西表示:Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.（）Hewasangrybecausewewerelate．(）Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgoout.()時間狀語從句原因狀語從句條件狀語從句五、賓語補足語:IconsiderJimagoodfriend.()Ialwaysfindherhappy.()Peoplepraisedhimasahero.()IhadtheTVfixed.()Isawhimenteringthebuilding.()Whatmadeyouthinkso?()Doyouwantmetogo?()形容詞名詞介詞短語過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞省略掉to的不定式不定式英語句子的種類簡單句

(simplesentence)只包含一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)Theyareplayingbaseballinthegarden.Herbrotherandsisiterarebothteachers.并列句(compoundsentence)Herfatherisadoctorandhermotherisateacher.IlikedthestoryverymuchbutLiMingwasn’tinteretedinit.Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.由and,but,or,so這四個并列連詞連接,而“,”逗號是不能連接兩個簡單句的。復合句

(complexsentence)Ifheisallrighttomorrow,hewillcome.IwenttobedaferIfinishedmyhomework.連詞主句從句（狀語）主句連詞從句（狀語）

簡單句的五種基本句型

英語五種基本句型列式如下:

基本句型一:

Ｓ

Ｖ

（主＋謂）

基本句型二:

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｐ

（主＋系＋表）

基本句型三:

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｏ

（主＋謂＋賓）

基本句型四:

Ｓ

Ｖ

ｏ

Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）

基本句型五:

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｏ

Ｃ

（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補）基本句型一主謂（S+V）S+VShecooks.Heisworking.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.Thepenwritessmoothly.基本句型一主謂SVShecooksHeisworkingWhathesaiddoesnotmatter.Thepenwritessmoothly.基本句型二主系表S+V+PHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.基