素養(yǎng)閱讀系列單元背景探索閱讀讀有所獲練有所得詞匯積累長難句分析學(xué)有所益中國的教育家、思想家孔子兩千多年來對中國有怎樣的影響呢？讀有所獲KongQiu,betterknownasConfucius,wasbornin551BCintheLuStateofChina.Histeachings,preservedinLunyu,focusedoncreatingmodelsofgoodbehaviorandsettingeducationalstandards.Hediedin479BC.Confucianismlaterbecametheofficialphilosophy,andwasextremelyinfluentialduringtheHan,TangandSongdynasties.①讀有所獲LittleisknownofConfucius’childhood.RecordsoftheGrandHistorianofChina,writtenbySsu-maCh’ien,offersthemostdetailedaccountofConfucius’life.However,somemodernhistoriansquestionitsaccuracy,regardingitasmyth,notsomethingaboutfacts.ThebooksaysthatConfuciuswasbornintoaroyalfamilywhileotherssaythatConfuciuswasbornintopoverty.②Onefactisclear,though:ConfuciuslivedduringthetimeofgreattroubleinChina.讀有所獲Over2,500yearsago,TheZhoudynastybegantofallapart.TraditionalChinesevaluesthenbegantogointodecline.ConfuciussawthisasanopportunitytostrengthentheoldChinesevaluesandcustoms.Hisideaswerebasedontheprinciplesofrenand“l(fā)ovingothers”whilepracticingself-control.HebelievedthatrencouldbeputintoactionusingtheGoldenRule.③TheGoldenRuleis:“Dotoothersasyouwouldhavethemdotoyou.”讀有所獲Confucius’politicalbeliefswerelikewisebasedontheconceptofself-control.Hebelievedthataleadershouldstayhumble,treathisfollowerskindlyandleadbyexample.AccordingtoConfucius,leaderscouldmotivatetheirsubjectstoobeythelawbyteachingthemvirtue.Hisphilosophyofeducationfocusedonthe“SixArts”.ToConfucius,themainobjectiveofbeinganeducatorwastoteachpeopletobehonestandkind.Hetriedtoencouragepeopletobemorepolitetoeachother.讀有所獲BythesecondcenturyBC,duringtheHandynasty,hisideasbecamethefoundationoftheeducation.Today,heiswidelyconsideredasoneofthemostinfluentialteachersinChinesehistory.讀有所獲答案:1.B答案解析1練有所得1.ConfuciuswouldbeMOSTlikelytoagreethatthepurposeofeducationis_____A.tohaverichknowledge B.toformagreatcharacterC.togainwealthandpower D.tolearnsixcoresubjects2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.Confuciusledabitterlifeinhischildhood.B.TraditionalvaluesweregonebecauseoftheendoftheZhoudynasty.C.Confucius’ideasinfluencedtheeducationofthecountry.D.Confuciusdevotedlypromotedideascontrarytotraditionalones.答案:C答案解析2練有所得1.preserve υ.保存2.focuson 集中于3.influentialad 有影響力的4.accuracy n.準(zhǔn)確性5.regard.as. 把…看作6.fallapart 崩潰7.gointodecline 衰落詞匯積累詞匯積累8.Strengthen 加強(qiáng)，鞏固9.bebasedon.. 以……為基礎(chǔ)10.self-control n.自我控制11.humble adj.謙虛的12.follower n.追隨者；擁護(hù)者13.ubject n.臣民14.virtue n.美德15foundation n.基礎(chǔ)學(xué)有所益長難句分析①句意：儒學(xué)后來成為了官方哲學(xué)，在漢朝、唐朝和宋朝極具影響力。分析：這是一個簡單句。第一個連詞and連接并列的部分。②句意：這本書中說，孔子出生在一個皇室家庭，而其他人說孔子出身貧寒。分析：這是一個并列復(fù)合句。第一個that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作動詞says的賓語；while連接兩個并列分句，第二個that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作動詞say的賓語。①句意：儒學(xué)后來成為了官方哲學(xué)，在漢朝、唐朝和宋朝極具影響力。分析：這是一個簡單句。第一個連詞and連接并列的部分。②句意：這本書中說，孔子出生在一個皇室家庭，而其他人說孔子出身貧寒。分析：這是一個并列復(fù)合句。第一個that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作動詞says