doing綜合講解及習(xí)題綜合專題一.doing作主語:1.用法：常表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；e.g.Collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusinessman.Learningaforeignlanguageisveryusefultome.Seeingisbelieving.2.主謂一致：一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞（doing）作主語看作單數(shù)，兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞由and連接作主語看作復(fù)數(shù)；e.g.Eatinghealthyfoodisimportantforus.Playingandstudyingaretwodifferentpartsofourdailylife.3.形式主語it：用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語(動(dòng)詞ing形式)放在句末。常見句型有：Itis/wasnogood/use/uselessdoingsth.干……沒有好處/用處。Itis/wasawasteoftime/moneydoingsth.做某事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢。Itis/wasworthwhiledoingsth.做……是值得的。Itisnogoodwaitingforotherpeopletomakedecisionsforyou.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水難收。Itisawasteoftimetalkingaboutsuchuselessthings.4.在thereisno結(jié)構(gòu)中，通常用動(dòng)詞ing形式。常見句型有：Thereisnopoint/sense(in)doingsth.干……沒有意義/道理。Thereisnopleasuredoingsth.干……沒有樂趣。Thereisnopointinpersuadinghimanylonger.Hewon'tchangehismind.5.專題練習(xí):(1)_______(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothmenandwomen.(2)—WhatmadeJanesoupset?—________(lose)theringherhusbandboughtherforherbirthday.(3)__________(find)ajobinsuchabigcompanyhasalwaysbeenbeyondhiswildestdream.(4)_____________(understand)yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.(5)__________(know)basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.(6)It'snouse_________(speak)withouttakingaction.6.答案：(1)Walking;(2)Losing;(3)Finding;(4)Understanding;(5)Knowing;(6)speaking二.doing作表語:表語：(1)定義：句子中系動(dòng)詞后面所接的那個(gè)部分；(2)系動(dòng)詞：分為be動(dòng)詞，后面能解形容詞的感官動(dòng)詞及相當(dāng)于be動(dòng)詞用法的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。=1\*GB3①be動(dòng)詞：am/is/are/was/were等；=2\*GB3②后面接形容詞的感官動(dòng)詞：feel/sound/look/taste/smell等；=3\*GB3③相當(dāng)于be動(dòng)詞用法的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：become/keep/remain等。e.g.Tomisagooddoctor.Theyarefriendly.Thatsoundsgreat.Weshouldkeepquietintheclassroom.doing作表語的用法：(1)表示主語的內(nèi)容，可以轉(zhuǎn)換到句首作主語。e.g.TeachingEnglishismyjob.＝MyjobisteachingEnglish.(2)表示主語具有的特征、性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)(動(dòng)詞-ing形式相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞)，常譯作“令人……的”。=1\*GB3①常用來作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞有astonishing，amusing，confusing，disappointing，boring，encouraging，inspiring，moving，tiring，interesting，surprising等；=2\*GB3②這類以-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞的主語通常為物。e.g.Theproblemisquitepuzzling.Themusictheyareplayingsoundssoboring．Hisconcernforhismotheristouching．三.doing作賓語:1.可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的常見動(dòng)詞可用下面的口訣記?。罕苊忮e(cuò)過少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)建議完成多練習(xí)(advise,finish,practice)喜歡想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can'thelp)承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)e.g.Itriedtoavoidmakingthesamemistake.Ican'tstandbeingtreatedlikethat.Shecan'thelpcryingwhensheheardthebadnews.2.英語中有一些動(dòng)詞短語也常跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語：常見的跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞短語有insiston（堅(jiān)持）,objectto（反對(duì)）,begoodat（擅長于）,leadto（導(dǎo)致）,putoff（推遲，拖延）,giveup（放棄）,lookforwardto（盼望，期待）,feellike（心想）,devote...to…（致力于）,getusedto（習(xí)慣于）,payattentionto（關(guān)注）,whenitcomesto（當(dāng)提到）等。e.g.Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.Theoldcouplehavegotusedtolivinginthecountryside.3.在有些動(dòng)詞，如start,begin,continue等的后面，既可接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語，兩者意義區(qū)別不大。e.g.Theycontinuedworking/toworkasifnothinghadhappened.Weshouldstartdoingthething.4.有些動(dòng)詞或詞組后既可跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，又可跟不定式作賓語，但意思不同。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(stoptodosth.停下來去做某事,stopdoingsth.停止做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth.想要做某事,meandoingsth.意味著做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth.努力/企圖做某事,trydoingsth.試著做某事(看會(huì)發(fā)生什么)))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(beafraidtodosth.不敢做某事,beafraidofdoingsth.害怕發(fā)生……))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(rememberdoingsth.記得做了某事,remembertodosth.記住要去做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgetdoingsth.忘記做了某事,forgettodosth.忘記要去做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(regretdoingsth.后悔做了某事,regrettodosth.遺憾要去做某事))liketodosth.喜歡做某事（有具體時(shí)間如today,thisevening等）likedoingsth.喜歡做某事（表示業(yè)余愛好）havesb.dosth.使某人做某事（通常為瞬間性動(dòng)詞）havesb.doingsth.使某人一直做某事（通常為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）seesb.dosth.看到某人做某事（通常為瞬間性動(dòng)詞）seesb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事（通常為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）prefertodosth.寧愿做某事preferdoingsth更喜歡做某事goontodosth.繼續(xù)去做另外一件事goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做原來做的事情e.g.IrememberedlockingthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.5.動(dòng)詞need,require,want表示“需要”時(shí)，其后跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式或不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語，意義沒有區(qū)別，即need/require/wantdoingsth.=need/require/wanttobedone。e.g.Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning.＝Thewindowneeds/requires/wantstobecleaned.6.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式:動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，帶有邏輯主語時(shí)not應(yīng)放在動(dòng)詞-ing形式之前。e.g.Youhavenoexcusefornotgoing.Hewaspunishedfornothavingdonehishomework.I'msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.7.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成方式為：名詞所有格/形容詞性物主代詞＋動(dòng)詞-ing形式。此結(jié)構(gòu)多在句中作主語和賓語等，其中名詞所有格/形容詞性物主代詞是動(dòng)詞-ing形式的邏輯主語。當(dāng)該復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語時(shí)，名詞所有格可用普通格代替，形容詞性物主代詞可用代詞賓格代替，但作主語時(shí)不可以。e.g.Doyoumindmy/mecominglateforthefilm?Mary'sbeinglateforclassmadeherteacherveryangry.Hercomingtohelpencouragedallofus.8.專題練習(xí):(1)Allthechildrenarelookingforwardto________(go)forwardtofeedthepanda.(2)Thebirdwasluckyanditjustmissed____________(catch)．(3)Ialwaysprefer_________(start)earlyratherthan_______(leave)everythingtothelastminute.(4)Whileshoppingwomensometimescan'thelp_________(persuade)intobuyingmoreclothesthannecessary.(5)—Maybeyou'veforgotten__________(post)myletter.—HowcouldI?Iremember___________(put)itintotheletterbox.(6)Whenitcomesto________(speak)inpublic,manypeoplearenervousatfirst.(7)We'vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds___________(do)toachievethefinalsuccess.9.答案：(1)going;(2)beingcaught;(3)tostart;leave;(4)persuading;(5)topost;putting;(6)speaking;(7)doing或者tobedone四.doing作賓語補(bǔ)足語:賓語補(bǔ)足語：定義：對(duì)賓語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明的部分；用法：修飾賓語或是對(duì)賓語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。條件：單詞或是短語均可作賓語補(bǔ)足語。e.g.=1\*GB3①HisfathernamedhimDoming.=2\*GB3②Theypaintedtheirhousewhite.=3\*GB3③Heaskedmetolendmycomputertohim.=4\*GB3④Wesawherleaving.=5\*GB3⑤Ialwaysfindhimintheclassroom.=6\*GB3⑥Letthefreshairin.=7\*GB3⑦Youcannotcallitwhatyouwill.=8\*GB3⑧Wemustgettheworkfinishedby10o’clock.2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：(1)結(jié)構(gòu)：doing(2)用法：=1\*GB3①動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語常放在賓語后面，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過程或一種狀態(tài)，doing的邏輯主語為賓語。e.g.Whenwereturned，wefoundastrangerstandinginfrontofthehouse。IseeTomplayingbasketball.Wefoundthenoveltouching.=2\*GB3②當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，原來作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語補(bǔ)足語。e.g.Theyfoundthefilmveryexciting.=Thefilmwasfoundveryexciting.(3)能用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的幾類動(dòng)詞：=1\*GB3①表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的感官動(dòng)詞(常見的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，lookat，listento等)＋sb.＋doingsth.(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)e.g.Ifeltsomebodystandingbehindme.TomheardhismotherspeakingEnglishjustnow.=2\*GB3②表示指使意義的使役動(dòng)詞(常見的有have，let，keep，get，leave等)+sb./sth.+doingsth.(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)e.g.Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.Iwon’thaveanyofyoucheatingintheexam.3.動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式都可以在句子中作定語或作賓語補(bǔ)足語，使用時(shí)，它們的區(qū)別如下：(1)動(dòng)詞不定式(todo)往往表示將來的動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作的全過程；(2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性動(dòng)作；(3)動(dòng)詞-ed形式往往表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。e.g.abridgetobebuilt(一座將要建的橋)thefallingleaves(正在飄落的樹葉)thefallenleaves(落葉)Wesawhimrunningthroughthestreet.Wenoticedtheassistanttakeawaythechair.4.專題練習(xí):(1)Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople_________(watch)theopeningceremonyliveonTV.(2)Thereisanotepinnedtothedoor_________(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.(3)Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts__________(develop)aftergreateffort.(4)Theyusecomputerstokeepthetraffic__________(run)smoothly.(5)___________(clean)womeninbigcitiesusuallygetpaidbythehour.(6)Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimself_________(lie)inhospital.(7)Theman__________(wear)asadlooksaid,“I'velostmywallet.”(8)Therewasaterriblenoise_________(follow)thesuddenburstoflight.(9)InpartsofAsiayoumustnotsitwithyourfeet________(point)atanotherperson.(10)Phoebereceivedane-mailtheotherday________(say)herunclewascomingtovisither.(11)Themusictheyareplayingsoundsso_______(bore)．(12)Hisconcernforhismotheris_______(touch).5.答案:(1)watching;(2)saying;(3)developed;(4)running;(5)Cleaning;(6)lying;(7)wearing;(8)following;(9)pointing;(10)saying;(11)boring;(12)touching五.doing作定語:用法：相當(dāng)于形容詞的用法，用來修飾名詞；分類：前置定語和后置定語；條件：單個(gè)的單詞通常作前置定語，放在名詞之前；多個(gè)單詞或是短語通常作后置定語，放在名詞之后；單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式作前置定語的用法：(1)表示主動(dòng)：動(dòng)詞-ing形式和它所修飾的名詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系；(2)說明被修飾名詞的用途和性能。e.g.areadingroom=aroomwhichisusedforreading閱覽室runningshoes=shoesforrunning跑鞋aworkingmethod=amethodforworking工作方法(3)表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在意思上接近一個(gè)定語從句，可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。e.g.developingcountries=countriesthataredevelopinganordinary-lookinghouse=ahousethatlooksordinaryapuzzlingproblem=aproblemthatpuzzlessomebody(4)表示所修飾物的特征、性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)(動(dòng)詞-ing形式相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞)，常譯作“令人……的”；=1\*GB3①常用來作定語的現(xiàn)在分詞有astonishing(令人驚奇的)，amusing(使人發(fā)笑的)，confusing(令人困惑的)，disappointing(令人失望的)，boring(令人感到無聊的)，encouraging(鼓舞人心的)，inspiring(鼓舞人心的)，moving(令人感動(dòng)的)，tiring(令人感到疲憊的)，interesting(令人感到有趣的)，surprising(令人感到驚訝的)等；=2\*GB3②注意；此類定語通常用來修飾指物的名詞。e.g.Thisisaninterestingbookandmanystudentslikereadingit.ThatisatiringthingandIjustdon’twanttotalkaboutit.5.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作后置定語：(1)作定語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式如果是一個(gè)短語，則應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，作后置定語，表主動(dòng)關(guān)系，可轉(zhuǎn)換為相對(duì)應(yīng)的定語從句。e.g.Theylivedinahousefacingthesouth.=Theylivedinahousewhichfacedthesouth.Doyouknowtheboyplayingbasketball?=Doyouknowtheboywhoisplayingbasketball?(2)分類：后置定語和所修飾的名詞之間沒有打“,”的，可以轉(zhuǎn)換為限制性定語從句；后置定語和所修飾的名詞之間打了“,”的，可以轉(zhuǎn)換為非限制性定語從句。e.g.Tomisthepersonhelpingmymotheryesterday.=Tomisthepersonwhohelpedmymotheryesterday.Iliketheapple,tastingsweet.=Iliketheapple,whichtastessweet.6.專題練習(xí):(1)Iknowyou’redyingtohearallaboutmylifehere，soI’veincludedsomephotos_____(help)youpicturetheplacesItalkabout.(2)Theboys_________(come)acrossanythinglikethisbeforestartedjumpingoutofthewindows.(3)Ishetheman_________(want)toseeyou？(4)Idon’tlikepeoplealways_____(think)ofthemselves.(5)Thesunheatstheearth，______(make)itpossibleforplantstogrow.(6)Manywesterners_________(come)toChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.7.答案：(1)helping;(2)coming;(3)wanting;(4)thinking;(5)making;(6)coming六.doing作狀語:1.用法:動(dòng)詞-ing作狀語時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、方式或伴隨動(dòng)作。通?？赊D(zhuǎn)化成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語從句。2.分類：(1)作時(shí)間狀語:e.g.Walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.=When/While(shewas)walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.Havingfinishedthework,hewenttoseehisteacher.=Afterhehadfinishedthework,hewenttoseehisteacher.(2)作原因狀語:e.g.Beingtooyoung,hecouldn'tjointhearmy.=Ashewastooyoung,hecouldn'tjointhearmy.Notknowinghowtogetthere,Ihadtoasktheway.=AsIdidnotknowhowtogetthere,Ihadtoasktheway.(3)作條件狀語:e.g.Workinghard,you'llmakegreatprogress.=Ifyouworkhard,you'llmakegreatprogress.(4)作結(jié)果狀語:e.g.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.=Hisparentsdiedandlefthimanorphan.Thesnowlastedaweek,resultinginaserioustrafficconfusioninthewholearea.=Thesnowlastedaweek,andresultedinaserioustrafficconfusioninthewholearea.注意:動(dòng)詞-ing形式與不定式均可作結(jié)果狀語，區(qū)別是：動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示順其自然、意料之中的結(jié)果，而不定式則表示不愿看到的、出人意料的結(jié)果。(5)作方式狀語或伴隨狀語:e.g.Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.=Istoodbythedoor,anddidn'tdaretosayaword.(6)作讓步狀語:though,although,evenif,eventhough意為“雖然”，不與but連用，但可以與yet(但是)連用，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；e.g.StudyingEnglishonlyafewyears,Tomcanspeakitverywell.=ThoughTomstudiesEnglishonlyafewyears,hecanspeakitverywell.3.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的時(shí)態(tài):如果動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作與主句謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，用其一般式(doing)；如果先于謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，用其完成式(havingdone)。e.g.Seeingnobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote.Havingworkedforthreehours,hetookarest.=Afterhe(had)workedforthreehours,hetookarest.4.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的語態(tài):(1)用法：使用現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式，主要取決于現(xiàn)在分詞和句子主語之間的關(guān)系。句子的主語就是分詞的邏輯主語。(2)結(jié)構(gòu)：doing/havingdone/havingbeendonee.g.Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory,theywereveryhappy.(現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式)Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.5.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定式：(1)直接在doing前面加not；(2)結(jié)構(gòu)：not＋doing;nothaving＋done;nothavingbeen＋donee.g.Notknowingthis,hedidn'tcome.Nothavingmadefullpreparations,weputoffthesportsmeeting.6.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語需注意的問題：(1)邏輯主語：動(dòng)詞-ing作狀語，其邏輯主語通常是句子的主語，它們之間是一種邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。e.g.Hearingthebadnews,shedidn'tknowwhattodo.(hearing的邏輯主語是句子的主語she)Findingherdog,Maryissohappy.(2)獨(dú)立主格:動(dòng)詞-ing作狀語，有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，通常用來表示伴隨的動(dòng)作或情況，也可以表示時(shí)間、原因或條件。e.g.Therainhavingstopped,wewentonmarching.Thepenwritingwell,Ioftenuseit.(3)懸垂分詞:有些現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，在句中沒有邏輯上的主語而獨(dú)立存在，用來修飾主句，表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等，被稱為評(píng)論性狀語或懸垂分詞。常見的有g(shù)enerally/strictly/franklyspeaking（一般/嚴(yán)格/坦率來說），judgingfrom（據(jù)判斷），considering（考慮到），supposing（考慮到），providing（考慮到）等。e.g.Generallyspeaking,girlsaremoreinterestedinliteraturethanboys.Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthesouth.6語法填空:(1)___________(know)Englishwell,hetranslatedthearticlewithoutmuchdifficulty.(2)Thechildrenrushedoutoftheclassroom,_________(laugh)andtalkingmerrily.(3)________(live)inChinaformanyyears,hecanspeakChinesefluently.(4)Not_________(know)hisaddress,Ihadtosearchfortheinformationonthecomputer.(5)Heoftencarefullywatchedthedoctorsinthe_____________(operate)room.(6)__________(stand)onthetopofthemountain,Icouldseethewholecity.(7)______________(catch)intherain,hewaswetallover.(8)_________(taste)delicious,thiskindofpearswassoonsoldout.(9)________(hear)thenews,somefanswereveryexcited.(10)_______(turn)totheleft,you’llfindthelibrary.(11)_______(have)nochoice,theyhadtowait.(12)Thestudentscamein,_________(follow)theirteacher.(13)_______(know)myaddress,henevercomestoseeme.(14)Thesongissungalloverthecountry,_______(make)itthemostpopularsong.(15)____________(do)thehomework,thelittleboybegantoplayInternetgames.(16)___________(do)the