英語語法專題之主謂一致概念

01主謂一致，是主謂語一致的簡稱，指主語和謂語必須在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。主謂一致遵循的原則010203語法一致原則：主語的語法性質(zhì)決定其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。意義一致原則：根據(jù)主語的內(nèi)涵決定其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。主語是單數(shù)形式，但卻表達復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但卻表達單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

就近原則：謂語動詞根據(jù)其前面最臨近的名/代詞的數(shù)的形式來決定謂語動詞的形式。語法一致原則：主語的語法性質(zhì)決定其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Theirteam

areplayingwonderfully.Theirteam

isbiggerthanours.意義一致原則：根據(jù)主語的內(nèi)涵決定其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。主語是單數(shù)形式，但卻表達復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但卻表達單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

Allpossiblemeans

havebeenadopted.Everymeans

hasbeentried.Theworks

wasbuiltin1970.TranslatedworksbyPremierLi'swifesellwell.就近原則：謂語動詞根據(jù)其前面最臨近的名/代詞的數(shù)的形式來決定謂語動詞的形式。EitherheorI

amright.NritherInorhe

isright.Notonlyallthestudentsbutalsotheteacher

likeshim.NotIbuthe

isgoingtotravelthere.一、謂語動詞為單數(shù)的情況Theball_____(is/are)underthedesk.Thewater_______(is/are)veryhot.Morethanoneshopwasstolenlastnight.1.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞做主語、不可數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。2.morethanone+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。注意：More+復(fù)數(shù)名詞thanone做主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Moreshopsthanonewerestolenlastnight.Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.Oneortwostudentshavefailedtheexam.Manyastudentwaslateforschoolyesterday.3.a+單數(shù)可數(shù)ortwo做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。注意：oneortwo+復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。4.manya+單數(shù)可數(shù)做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Physicsiskindofhardtolearn.TheUnitedStatesisthemostpowerfulcountryintheworld.TheNewYorkTimesisawell-knownnewspaper.5.以-S結(jié)尾的名詞，表示學(xué)科、國家、機構(gòu)、書籍、報刊等名稱作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。news，works,physics,maths,gymnastics...noeacheverymanyaand+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+noeacheverymanya單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。+6.Manyaboyandmanyagirlisinvitedtotheparty.7.akindofasortofatypeofaseriesofAnewseriesofbooksforchildrenhasbeenpublished.修飾名詞做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Everybodylikesthefilm.8.復(fù)合不定代詞做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。something,anything,nothing,someone,anyone,none,somebody,anybody,nobody等9.each,either,neither,another,little，alittle,much做主語或者修飾主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Muchofthewaterwaswasted.Neitherofthemisofuse.FouryearshaspassedsinceBidenwaselectedastheAmericanpresident.Threemileswastoolongadistanceformetowalk.Tendollarsisnotenoughtobuythisbook.10.時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)量概念做主語，被看做是一個單位值時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。warandpeaceironandsteeltruthandhonestyawatchandchainneedleandthread11.兩個單數(shù)名詞用and并列，表示一個事無不可分割的兩部分，這種結(jié)構(gòu)做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。12.用and連接的并列主語,如果主語是同一個人,同一事,同一概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù),否則用復(fù)數(shù).Thepoetandwriterhascome.Ahammerandasawareusefultools.13.用and并列形容詞修飾名詞做主語，如果主語是同一個人,同一事,同一概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù),否則用復(fù)數(shù).The

red

and

white

shirt

looks

nice.The

red

and

thewhite

shirt

look

nice.Jim's

and

Tom's

father

areall

drivers.Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.TodrinkcleanwaterisnoteasyforpeopleinAfrica.Playingbasketballisveryinteresting.14.主語從句、動詞不定式和動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。二、謂語動詞為復(fù)數(shù)的情況1.集合名詞做主語，比如：people,police,cattle,crew,clothes,public等，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Thepolicehavecaughtthethiefyesterday.Peopleliketravelling.2.由兩部分構(gòu)成的事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。glasses眼鏡trousers褲子clothes衣服pants褲子jeans牛仔褲gloves手套socks襪子stocks長筒襪shoes鞋scissors剪刀tweezers鑷子sleeves袖boots靴子Yourshoesareunderthebed.Histrousersareofgoodquality.3.兩個單數(shù)名詞用and或both...and并列作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Thewriterandthepoetcomefromthesamecountry.Bothriceandwheataregrowninthisarea.Thewriterandpoetcomesfromthatcountry.4.the+形容詞/過去分詞/動詞ing分詞作主語，表示一類人或者一類物，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Thewoundedhavebeentakentothehospital.Thepooraretobehelped.4.兩個形容詞共同修飾一個名詞，若兩個名詞前面都有冠詞，作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；若兩個形容詞前面只有一個冠詞，作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Theredandthewhitecoataremine.Theblackandwhitecoatismine.三、謂語動詞視主語情況而定的特例1.集合名詞做主語，謂語動詞要根據(jù)主語的意義的單復(fù)數(shù)，來決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。people,public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group...Hisfamilyisrich.Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.Ourclassisonthefourthfloor.Ourclassstudyharderthantheirs.2.不定代詞all,more,most,some,any,none作主語，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要取決于主語的意義。Alloftheapplesarerotten.Allofthefruitisrotten.Noneofthemoneyisleft.Noneofthestudentsarethere.3.therestofhalfofpartofmajorityofpercentofonethirdof+名詞作主語，謂語動詞要跟名詞的數(shù)一致。Halfofthestudents

havefinishedtheirhomework.Halfofthefood

isbad.About60percentofthefarmersinthisvillageareold.About60percentofthework

isdone.4.alotoflotsofplentyofalargequantityof+名詞作主語，謂語動詞要跟名詞的數(shù)一致。Alotofthefilmstars

wereatthemeeting.Alotofmoney

hasbeensaved.Plentyofthewater

ispollutedbythefactory.Plentyofthevisitors

arefromthesouth.5.agreatdealofagooddealfoalargeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。Agreatdealofwaterispolluted.Onlyasmallamountoffoodisleft.6.anumberofagroupofavarietyof+名詞作主語，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。Anumberofbooksarelentoutfromthelibraryeveryday.Avarietyoffruitsareonthetablenow.注意：theunmberof的意思是“......的數(shù)量”，其作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)：Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis30.7.有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形，其謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于名詞在句子中所表達的單復(fù)數(shù)意義（意義一致原則）。means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese......Noteverymeans

isuseful.Notallmeans

areuseful.Thereisachemicalworksnearourschool.Luxun'sworks

areverypopularinChina.8.none,neither作主語，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。Noneofushas/haveeverbeentoBeijing.Neitherofthebooksis/areofanyusetohim.9.名詞作主語，后面帶有with,alongwith,togetherwith,like(象),but(除了),except,besides,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan(而不是),including,inadditionto引導(dǎo)的短語,謂語動詞取決于做主語的名詞，與名詞后面攜帶的插入部分沒有關(guān)系。Air

aswellaswater

ismatter.Noone

excepttwoservants

waslateforthedinner.主謂一致語法專練一、用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。1.Notonlyhisparentsbutalsohisbrother_______(have)gonetotheSummerPalace.They’llbebacknextweek.2.Theprofessorwasverydisappointedbecausemanyastudent_________(be)notinterestedinhisclass.3.Thewriterandtranslator______(be)deliveringaspeechinourschoolnow.4.Theyoungoften__________(think)oftheoldconservativewhiletheoldalways__________(consider)theyounginexperienced.5.Myfamily_____(be)notlarge,butmyfamily_______(be)allmusiclovers.haswasisthinkconsiderisare6.Thenumberofpeopleinvited__________(be)60,butanumberofthem__________(be)absentfordifferentreasons.7.Ancientandmodernhistory__________(be)thesubjectswearestudying.8.Jimistheonlyoneofthestudentsinhisclasswho_____(be)neverlateforschool.9.Toeveryone'ssurprise,nobookandnopen__________(find)inhisschoolbag.10.Twohours_______(be)enoughforustofinishthiswork.waswereareiswasfoundis11.Arm,aswellasherbrothers,__________(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtotheinstitutelastweek.12.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho__________(wear)ordinaryeveningdress.13.Thefactoryused65percentoftheclean-burningmaterials,therestofwhich__________(be)savedforotherpurposes.14.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow____(be)oftenacceptableandflexible.15.Whatweneed______(be)abalanceddiet.wasgivenwearswereisis二、從括號內(nèi)選擇正確的形式完成句子。1.Decoratingthegreetingcardswithbeautifulflowers__________(is/are)unique.2.Tea,apopulardrinkinChina,__________(is/are)carefullypreparedaccordingtothelocalcustoms.3.Tomisoneoftheboyswho__________(is/are)alwaysreadytohelpothers.4.Cyclingalongwithjoggingandwimming__________(are/is)regardedasoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.isisareis5.Thelittlegirlopenedtheboxcarefullyandletoutanexcitingcry.Insideit__________(was/were)twocutepuppies.6.Everypossiblemeans__________(have/has)beenusedtopreventthevirusspreading,butinvain.7.Allweneed__________(is/are)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsofvegetables.8.AccordingtoWHO.listeningtomusicorwatchingaTVshowatloudvolumes__________(cause/causes)hearingproblems.werehasiscauses三、根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示完成句子。1._________________________________(有一場足球比賽)betweenClass8andClassl2yesterdayafternoon.2.There'snodoubtthatemailaswellastelephones____________________(起著重要作用)indailycommunication.3.Inmyopinion,itisyouratherthanhethat________________(理應(yīng)被責(zé)備)fortheterribleaccident.4.ThepopulationofJiangsuProvince________________(已經(jīng)增加到)morethantwicewhatitwasin1949.Therewasafootballgameplaysanimportantrolearetoblamehasgrownto5.Everyboyandeverygirl__________(都很高興)whentheysawthatShenzhouXIIflewintospace.6.

(不止一個學(xué)生反對這個建議)whenthemonitorputforwardit.7.InourclassTomisoneofthestudentswho__________________(有音樂天賦).8.Allthefurniture

(已經(jīng)被搬到另一個房間里)。waspleasedMorethanonestudentisagainsttheproposalhaveagiftformusichasbeenmovedtoanotherroom四、下面每題中均有一處錯誤，請找出并改正。1.EitherheorIplaysfootballonSundays.2.Alotofworkweredonetoprepareforthe2022WinterOlympics.3.OnehundredyuanareenoughtobuythenovelTheThree-bodyProblem4.Whatcausedtheaccidentsremainunknown.playwasisremains5.Doingexperimentsareagoodwaytofindoutanswerstoquestions.6.Tomaswellastwoofhisclassmateswereinvitedtotheparty.7.Ithinkitisoneofthebestfilmsthathaseverbeenshownherethisyear.8.Thewindowswhichfacessouthareallbrokenintheexplosion.iswashaveface9.Betweenthetwobuildingsstandamonument.10.Manyastudenthavemadethesamemistakesnotlongbefore.11.Twothirdsofthelandinthisareaarecoveredwithtreesandgrass.12.MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmithsarealsotrueoftheJohnsons.standshasisis五、根據(jù)句意，用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當形式填空。

SavingPrivateRyan1.______(be)afilmdirectedbyStevenSpielberg.Thetwomaincharacters2._________(be)CaptainJohnMiler,playedbyTomHanks,