第二部分語法考點突破板塊一詞形的變換第1講名詞和數(shù)詞題型高考典題命題角度語法填空1．(2023·全國甲卷)Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures，andthewell-knownAesop'sfablesdatetothe_____(six)centuryB．C．2．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive__________(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists．3．(2021·全國甲卷)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours，butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand___________(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines．4．(2020·浙江7月卷)Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththe_______(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields．5．(2020·浙江1月卷)ForJapan，the_______(number)aremorestriking—22in1950，46todayand53in2050．1．給出名詞的單數(shù)形式，考查其復(fù)數(shù)形式；2．給出數(shù)詞的基數(shù)詞形式，考查其序數(shù)詞形式。sixthinterviewswatchtowersseasonsnumbers考點一名詞的數(shù)1．名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化例詞一般情況加-smap→maps；girl→girls；house→houses以-th結(jié)尾的，加-smonth→months；truth→truths以-s，-x，-sh，-ch結(jié)尾的，加-esclass→classes；box→boxes；brush→brushes；match→matches注意：stomach(胃)的復(fù)數(shù)是stomachs；ox(公牛)的復(fù)數(shù)是oxen以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i再加-escity→cities；country→countries；party→parties；factory→factories注意：以“元音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的則直接加-s，如boy→boys；toy→toys規(guī)則變化例詞以“輔音字母＋o”結(jié)尾的，一般加-estomato→tomatoes；potato→potatoes；hero→heroes注意：1．少數(shù)名詞加-s或-es均可，如volcano→volcano(e)s；mosquito→mosquito(e)s；mango→mango(e)s2．少數(shù)名詞只加s，如piano→pianos；photo→photos以“元音字母＋o”結(jié)尾的，加-sradio→radios；zoo→zoos；bamboo→bamboos以-f，-fe結(jié)尾的，通常變f或fe為v，再加-eshalf→halves；leaf→leaves；shelf→shelves；thief→thieves；wolf→wolves；wife→wives；life→lives；knife→knives注意：1．也有的直接加-s，如roof→roofs；chief→chiefs2．還存在有兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式的，如handkerchief→handkerchiefs/handkerchieves合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)，如果沒有主體名詞，則將最后一部分變成復(fù)數(shù)son-in-law→sons-in-lawpasser-by→passers-bystoryteller→storytellersgo-between→go-betweensgrown-up→grown-ups2．名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化變化情況例詞特殊變化child→children；foot→feet；tooth→teeth；mouse→mice；特殊變化man→men；woman→women注意：由man或woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women，如anEnglishman→twoEnglishmen；但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans有些名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)有不同的拼寫方法細(xì)菌bacterium(單數(shù))→bacteria(復(fù)數(shù))；資料、數(shù)據(jù)datum(單數(shù))→data(復(fù)數(shù))；現(xiàn)象phenomenon(單數(shù))→phenomena(復(fù)數(shù))1．The______(piano)intheothershopwillbecheaper，buttheyarenotasgood．2．Thehotelhasbeenorderedtoclosebecauseitisoverrunby____(mouse)andrats．3．Herehesat，withhispipebetweenhis_____(tooth)andbothhandsrestingonhisknees．4．Policewerereportedtohaveseizedall______(copy)ofthismorning'seditionofthenewspaper．5．Thepaperwasusedforsealingupholesinwallsand_____(roof)inthecoldandfreezingwinter.6．Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthat______(wolf)wouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.pianosmiceteethcopiesroofswolves7．Ispenttenminuteswalkingupanddownthehighstreet，desperatelyavoidingeyecontactwith__________(passer-by)．8．Thesystemreflectstheseasonalcharacteristicsofannualnatural_________(phenomenon)andfarmingactivities.9．Ananthastwo________(stomach)，ofwhichoneholdsthefoodforitselfandtheotherisforfoodtobegiventootherants.10．Viewerssaiditwasnotthefilmitselfthatmovedpeople，butthe______(hero)ofthewaryearswhofoughtforourcountryandpeople.passers-byphenomenastomachsheroes考點二名詞的所有格變化規(guī)則例子有生命的名詞，其所有格一般在名詞后加-'s。hisfather'sboss他爸爸的老板表示時間、城市、地域、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等無生命的名詞后可加-'s。today'spaper今天的報紙England'sshore英國的海岸thecar'sdesign這輛車的設(shè)計在某些習(xí)慣用語中，名詞要加-'s。astone'sthrow近在咫尺keepsbatarm'slength與某人保持距離；不親近某人beatone'swits'end黔驢技窮變化規(guī)則例子如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩個人共有，則只在后一個名詞后加-'s，如果不是共有的則兩個名詞后都要加-'s。JaneandMary'smother簡和瑪麗的媽媽(共有，暗示簡和瑪麗是姐妹關(guān)系)Jane'sandMary'smothers簡的媽媽和瑪麗的媽媽(不是共有，分別指兩位媽媽)雙重所有格：“a/two/some...＋名詞＋of＋名詞's”構(gòu)成雙重所有格，“of＋名詞所有格”中的名詞必須表示人。afriendofhermother's她媽媽的一個朋友twophotosofMary's瑪麗的兩張照片表示店鋪或某人的家時，名詞所有格之后的shop，house，home等詞常省略。atthedoctor's(office)在診所里atthebarber's(shop)在理發(fā)店atMrGreen's(house)在格林先生家1．Tomgoestothe________(barber)tohavehishaircuteverythirdweek.2．“_______(today)storyisaboutthesuccessofapoorchild，”theteachersaid.3．Thearticleconcludesthat________(parents)educationaffectstheirchildren'sfuture.4．Aftera__________(moment)hesitation，theyoungmanreachedouthishandtogreetthestranger.5．Studiesshowthata_______(child)characterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhis/herhomeenvironment.barber'sToday'sparents'moment'schild's6．It'saboutan______(hour)drivefromourschooltothecitycentre，butittakesmoretimeatweekend.7．Sunlightpassesthroughtheatmosphereandthenreflectsoffthe_______(earth)surfaceintheformofheat.8．We'dbetterstayinahotelthatisjusta_______(stone)throwawayfromtherailwaystationforthesakeofconvenience.hour'searth'sstone's考點三數(shù)詞——基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞1．基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的規(guī)則一、二、三one→first，two→second，three→third從四起加-thfour→fourth，five→fifth...eight少個teight→eighthnine刪除enine→ninth-ve用f代替five→fifth，twelve→twelfth-ty變成tietwenty→twentieth2.分?jǐn)?shù)/倍數(shù)分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞1/3：onethird分子大于1，分母用復(fù)數(shù)2/5：twofifths兩倍，兩次；三倍，三次twice；threetimes1．Saturnisthe______(two)biggestplanetinthesolarsystem.2．It'sreportedthat_________(thousand)ofantelopesarekilledfortheirfureachyear.3．Ifaregularbuscanholddozensofpeople，imaginewhatabus_____(two)thesizec