課下天天練(十七)50分閱讀提分練姓名________班級________考號________時間：40分鐘閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。A[2023·甘肅省第二次高考診斷]Sharksareamazingcreatures.Theyareknownasthedeadliesthuntersinthesea.Fortunatelymostarenot,buttherearesomekindsofsharksthatcanbeextremelydangerous.Lookattheseshortdescriptionsoffourkindsofsharks.TheGreatWhiteSharkTheGreatWhiteSharkisoneofthemostfrighteningcreaturesinthesea.Theyliveintropicalandsubtropicalwaters,andtheycangrowupto9meterslong.MostGreatWhiteSharksareactuallygrey,blueorbrownwithawhitebelly,andtheirpowerfulteetharetriangleswithedgeslikesaws.TheWhaleSharkWhaleSharksarethelargestkindofsharkintheworldupto11metersinlength.Theyliveintropicalwatersallaroundtheworld,buttheyarenotdangerous.WhaleSharksarebrownorgreywithwhiteoryellowstripes.Theyoftentravelnearthesurfaceofthesea.TheMakoSharkMakoSharksarefiercepredators.TheyefromthesamefamilyofsharksastheGreatWhiteSharkandtheyareespeciallyfast—theycanswimatspeedsofupto65kilometersperhour.TheyarelargebluishsharksfoundintheAtlanticOcean,PacificOceanandIndianOcean.MakoSharkscangrowupto3meterslong.TheGreatHammerheadSharkTheGreatHammerheadShark'smoststrikingfeatureisitswidethickheadwhichlookslikeahammer.TheaveragesizeofaGreatHammerheadSharkisapproximately3.5meters,butitcangrowupto6meterslong.Thesesharksaverageover500poundsbutcanweighasmuchas1，000pounds.Likemostsharksthefemalesarelargerthanthemales.Theyhaveseveralrowsofteeththathave24to37teethperrow.TheGreatHammerheadSharkhasaverykeensenseofsmell,whichhelpsitfinditsprey.1．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Sharksusuallyliveinicywaters.B．MakoSharksarefastbutnotdangerous.C．TheGreatWhiteSharkhas24to37sharpteeth.D．WhaleSharksarebiggerthanothersharksinthesea.2．WhyisasharkcalledtheGreatHammerheadShark?A．Becauseofthesizeofitsbody.B．Becauseofthewatersitlivesin.C．Becauseoftheshapeofitshead.D．Becauseofthefunctionofitsteeth.3．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Anewsreport.B．Abookreview.C．Anadvertisement.D．Abiologymagazine.B[2023·長春市高三質量預測四]CHARITYHONORSSON'SMEMORYNonprofitprovidinggiftsto18to39yearsoldisraisingmemoryByPAMKRAOENRAMONA,Calif.—Beforehediedfromcanceratage29,SilasRiverBennettspenthisfinalmonthstakingphotographsoftheworldaroundhim,emailingfriends,buyinggiftsforhissistersandencouraginghisfamilytogivethingstotheneedy.“Whatwasimportanttohimwastohaveasenseofhimselfoutsideofcancer，”saidhismom,LorraineKerzofRamona.Bennettwenttothehospitalinfall2007withseverebackpains.Hewasdiagnosedwithstage4lungcancerthathadspreadtohisbones.Doctorsbelievedthecancerwasenvironmentallycaused,perhapsbyexposuretosomepoisonousgasinthebasementwherehelivedorpoisonsinthepaintsheusedasapainter.Kerzsaidhersonwasamanwithagreatsenseofhumorandaverycreativemind.Hehadan“electricintellect”wholoveddebatingandwatchingJeopardy！—agameshowonTVandtellingstorieswithhisphotographs.AfterBennettdiedinMay2008,Kerzwantedtohonorthecreativespiritandgenerosityofherson,whosenicknamewas“Sy”.TheresultwasSy'sFund,aRamona-basedall-volunteernationalnonprofitthathasfulfilledthewishesofmorethan250peopleaged18to39whoarebattlingcancer.Sy'sFundprovidesthemwithsmallgifts—suchaslaptops,cameras,guitarlessons,orprinters—tolifttheirspiritsandrefocustheirenergiesinapositivedirection.Thegroupraisesmoneythroughthreefundraiserseachyear,suchasgolftournamentsand5Kraces.Thisyear,becauseoftheCOVID-19,they'retryingavirtualfundraiserforthefirsttime.Afterregisteringonline,participantsmustdownloadthe“Let'sRoam”apptotheirphonestodonate.Forthosewhowanttoapplyforawishgrant,visit.Theorganizationisalsoseekingmorevolunteermembers.Fordetails,emailKerzatlorraine@.4．WhydidKerzfoundSy'sFund?A．Becauseshewantedtohonorherson.B．Becauseshewantedtogetridofcancer.C．Becauseshewantedtomakehersonfamous.D.Becauseshewantedtogainmoreprofit.5．WhatcanwelearnaboutSy?A．Hiscancerwascausedbypoisonouspaints.B.Hespenthisfinalmonthspreparingforthefund.C．Hewasenergeticandlivedashortbutcolorfullife.D．Hediedmorethanoneyearafterhewasdiagnosedwithcancer.6．HowdoesSy'sFundhelptheneedy?A．Bysellingsomethingstocancerpatientsatalowprice.B．Byseekingmorevolunteerstotellstories.C．Byaskingparticipantstodownloadanapptothephones.D．Byprovidingcancerpatientswithsmallgifts.7．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Anewspaper.B．Aguidebook.C．Anannouncement.D．Adiary.C[2023·云南省第一次高中畢業(yè)生統(tǒng)一檢測]ANewZealandcouncilhasannouncedamonth-longroadclosureinordertoallowasealionandherpuptoreachtheoceansafely.JohnWilsonOceanDriveinDunedinwillbeclosedaftertheNewZealandsealionsmadetheirhomeatanearbygolfcourse(球場)andstarted“regularlycrossingtheroadtogettothebeach”，accordingtoapostfromDunedinCityCouncil.“Youcanstillvisittheareaonfootorbybicycle,butpleasegivethesealionslotsofspace，”continuedthepost.Localsapplaudedthedecision，andoneevencalledfortheclosuretobemadepermanent.“Nodogsshouldbeonthebeach，either，”wroteGayleneSmith.“Weneedtoprotectourbeautifulsealife？”Dogsareknowntoattacksealions,andChisholmLinksGolfCourse,wherethesealionshavemadetheirhome,alsopostedadvicetodog-walkersinanupdate.“We'reluckytohavesealionsonourcoastlineandweneedtosharethespacewiththem，asthisiswhatmakesourcoastlinesounique！”wrotethecourseonamedium.ThecouncilwentontoexplainthatNewZealandsealionsareendangered,andareoneoftheworld'srarestspeciesofsealion.Thereareanestimated12，000NewZealandsealionsleft,accordingtotheDepartmentofConservation.Underlocallaw,anyonewhokillsasealioncouldfaceuptotwoyearsinprisonorafineofuptoNZ$250，000.8．WhatdecisionhastheDunedinCityCouncilmade?A．Closinganoceandriveforamonth.B．Closingthenearbybeachtemporarily.C．Forbiddingentryintoagolfcourse.D．Forbiddingwalkingdogsoutside.9．HowdidtheCityCouncilannouncethedecision?A.ByinformingpeopleonTV.B．Bypostingitonamedium.C．Byadvertisinginanewspaper.D．Bysendingoutnotices.10．Whatistheattitudeofthelocalpeopletowardtheclosure?A．Doubtful.B．Supportive.C．Uncaring.D．Critical.11．WhatcanwelearnaboutNewZealandsealionsfromthetext?A．Theyareunderlegalprotection.B．Theyareamonspecies.C．Theyareafraidofhumans.D．Theyarebeingkilledbydogs.D[2023·長春市高三質量預測四]It'shardtoturndownhamburgers,Frenchfries,potatochipsandalloftheotherjunkfoodthatseemtocallouttous.However,eatingtoomuchjunkfoodcanharmyourbody,particularlyifyou'rebetweentheagesof10and19.“Junkfoodshapesadolescentbrainsinwaysthatweakentheirabilitytothink,learnandremember.Itcanalsomakeithardertocontrolimpulsivebehaviors，”saidAmyReichelt,abrainandnutritionspecialistatWesternUniversity,Canada.“Itmayevenupateen'sriskofdepressionandanxiety.”Reicheltandtwootherresearchersfoundadolescentsaremoresensitivethananyotheragegrouptoprocessedfoodswithalotoffatandsugar.Adolescentbrainsarestilldevelopingtheabilitytoassessrisksandcontrolactions.Theprefrontalcortexisthepartofthebrainthattellsusweshouldn'teatchipsallthetimeandhelpsusresistthaturge.Butthisregionisthelasttomature—itdoesn'tfullydevelopuntilweareinourearly20s.Meanwhile,teenbrainsgetmoreactivefromrewardsforawhile.Thepartsofthebrainthatmakeusfeelgoodwhenwedosomethingpleasurablearefullydevelopedbytheteenyears.Infact,theseregionsareevenmoresensitivewhenweareyoung.That'sbecausedopamine(多巴胺),anaturalchemicalthatliftsourmoodwhenweexperiencesomethinggood,isespeciallyactiveinadolescentbrains.Therefore,theteenbrainhastwostrikesagainstitwhenitestoresistingjunkfood.“Ithasaheighteneddriveforrewardsandreducedself-regulation，”saidReichelt.So,what'sthebestwaytosaynotojunkfood?Researcherssuggestexercise.Whenweexercise,thebrain'srewardsystembeeslesssensitivetofood.Exercisealsocausethebodytomakeaproteinthathelpsbraincellsgrowandboostsconnectionsbetweentheprefrontalcortexandotherbrainregions.Theprefrontalcortexthuscanworkbettertohelpusmakewisedecisionsandcontrolourimpulses.12．Whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?A．Theeffectsofeatingjunkfood.B．Thecausesoffavouringjunkfood.C．Thetendencyofsharingjunkfood.D．Thebenefitsofavoidingjunkfood.13．Whatisthefunctionoftheprefrontalcortex?A．Itservesasthesenseoftaste.B．Itpromotesteenagers'spirits.C．Itispartlyinchargeofself-control.D．Ithelpsteenagersgrowphysicallymature.14．Whatdoes“it”refertointhethirdparagraph?A.Theprefrontalcortex.B．Theurge.C．Theadolescentbrain.D．Thebody.15．Whyitishardforteenstogiveupjunkfood?A．Junkfoodisdeliciousandnutritious.B．Junkfoodispopularamongyoungpeople.C．Teenagersdon'trealizetheharmofjunkfood.D．Teenagerscanfeeltemporaryexcitementfromjunkfood.第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。[2023·南昌市第三次模擬]Intheworkplace,oneofthemostimportantskillstopossessisgoodmunication.__1__；itmeanstheyareabletolistentoothers,aswellassuccessfullyconveytheirownideasandopinions.Whilelisteningandspeakingareimportantineffectivemunication,thereareotherskillsthatarevitaltogoodmunicationintheworkplace.__2__.Thismeansnotonlylisteningwithyourearsbutalsobeingabletoprehendwhatthepersonissaying.Givingco-workersyourfullattentionwhentheyareconveyinganideacangoalongwayinbuildingrelationshipsandfurtheringprogress.Havingempathy(同情)isveryusefulinmunication.__3__.Putyourselfintheotherperson'spositioninsteadofjudgingorcriticizingbasedonyourownbeliefs.Whilethismaybedifficultforsome,empathizingwithotherscanbeveryhelpfulinkeepingintunewithyourownemotionsandideas.Encouragingotherswillheightenconfidenceandappreciationintheworkplace.__4__，youhelpothersfeeltheyarewanted,weledandrespectedbyco-workers.Peoplearemuchmorelikelytosparenoeffortiftheyknowtheyarevalued.Bodylanguagecangreatlyimpacthowotherstreatyouintheworkplace.Beingextroverted(外向的)andfriendlyletsco-workersknowyouareopentohearingtheiropinionsaboutprojectsornewdesigns.__5__.Besuretomaintaineyecontactthemajorityofthetimeyouarespeakingwithsomeone,andusehandgesturestohelpyouformclearerthoughts.Smilingoffersencouragementandcreatesanoticeabledifferenceinhowyouaretreated.Peoplewhosmilemoreareseenasmoreapproachableandtrustworthy.Whilemanyofthesegoodmunicationskillsoccurnaturallyinindividuals,somemayneedtobelearnedandpracticedinordertobeesecondnature.A．WhilemunicationisimportantB．BypraisingothersandofferingwordsofencouragementC．Praisingco-workershelpsmunicationgosmoothlyD．ItinvolvesseeingthingsfromthepointofviewofothersE．Peoplevalueco-workerswhocanmunicateeffectivelyF.BeingabletolistentoothersisvitalinthemunicationprocessG．Bodylanguageisalargepartofbeingempatheticandencouraging[答題區(qū)]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________課下天天練（十七）50分閱讀提分練第一節(jié)A語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與自然——海洋生物——四種鯊魚【語篇解讀】鯊魚是令人驚奇的生物。它們被稱為海洋中最致命的獵手。幸運的是，大多數鯊魚都不是，但有一些鯊魚是非常危險的。本文介紹了大白鯊、鯨鯊、灰鯖鯊和無溝雙髻鯊這四種鯊魚的有關信息。1．答案與解析：D'考查理解具體信息的能力。根據TheWhaleShark部分的第一句“WhaleSharksarethelargestkindofsharkintheworld”可知，鯨鯊是世界上最大的鯊魚，即鯨鯊比海里的其他鯊魚要大。故選D項。2．答案與解析：C'考查理解具體信息的能力。根據TheGreatHammerheadShark部分的第一句可知，無溝雙髻鯊最顯著的特征是它的寬而粗的頭部，看起來像一把錘子。故可知它因其頭部的形狀而得名。故選C項。3．答案與解析：D'考查推斷的能力。本文向我們介紹了四種鯊魚的有關情況，結合選項可推知該篇文章應該摘自生物雜志。故選D項。B語篇類型：新聞報道主題語境：人與社會——公益活動——慈善機構【語篇解讀】本文講述了LorraineKerz為了紀念兒子，成立了一個慈善機構，幫助需要幫助的人。今年，因為新冠肺炎疫情參與者在網上注冊后，必須“Let'sRoam”應用程序到自己的上才能捐贈。4．答案與解析：A考查理解具體信息的能力。根據第二段第六句“AfterBennettdiedinMay2008...whosenicknamewas‘Sy’”可知，Kerz建立Sy'sFund為的是紀念她兒子的創(chuàng)新精神和慷慨。故選A項。5．答案與解析：C考查推斷的能力。根據第一段中的“Beforehediedfromcanceratage29...hisfamilytogivethingstotheneedy”可知，在他生命的最后幾個月里，他拍攝周圍的世界，給朋友發(fā)電子郵件，給姐妹們買禮物，鼓勵家人給窮人物品。所以可以推測，他精力充沛，生命雖短暫卻豐富多彩。故選C項。6．答案與解析：D考查理解具體信息的能力。根據第二段最后一句“Sy'sFundprovidesthemwithsmallgifts—suchas...andrefocustheirenergiesinapositivedirection.”可知，Sy基金會為他們提供一些小禮物，比如筆記本電腦、相機、吉他課或打印機，讓他們振作起來，把精力重新集中在積極的方向上。故選D。7．答案與解析：A考查推斷的能力。根據文章大標題、小標題，“ByPAMKRAOEN”以及文章最后一段中的最后三句話可推測本文最有可能選自報紙。故選A項。C語篇類型：新聞報道主題語境：人與自然——人與動物——為海獅封閉道路【語篇解讀】新西蘭但尼丁市議會宣布要封閉道路一個月，目的是讓海獅和它的幼崽安全抵達海洋。當地人對此十分支持。8．答案與解析：A考查理解具體信息的能力。根據第一段內容和第二段中的“JohnWilsonOceanDriveinDunedinwillbeclosed”“accordingtoapostfromDunedinCityCouncil”可知，但尼丁市議會做的決定是封閉海洋道路一個月，目的是讓海獅和它的幼崽安全抵達海洋。9．答案與解析：B考查理解具體信息的能力。根據第二段中的“accordingtoapostfromDunedinCityCouncil”可知，該決定是通過一個帖子公布的，故選B。10．答案與解析：B考查推斷的能力。根據第四段可知，當地人稱贊這個決定，甚至有人呼吁永久封閉這個道路，由此可推知當地人是支持這一決定的。11．答案與解析：A考查理解具體信息的能力。根據最后一段最后一句可知，殺害海獅將面臨坐牢或被罰款的處罰，由此可知，海獅受到法律的保護。D語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與自我——健康——垃圾食品對青少年的危害【語篇解讀】我們很難拒絕漢堡包、炸薯條、薯片和所有其他似乎在召喚我們的垃圾食品。然而，吃太多垃圾食品會傷害你的身體，特別是如果你的年齡在10歲到19歲之間。本文主要介紹了垃圾食品對青少年的危害，以及如何拒絕垃圾食品。12．答案與解析：A考查理解段落主旨要義的能力。根據第二段中AmyReichelt所講的內容可知，垃圾食品對人們有害，比如會削弱人們的思考能力等。故最佳答案應該選A項。13．答案與解析：C考查理解具體信息的能力。根據第三段第三句和第四句“Theprefrontalcortexisthepart...deve