輸電線路自動(dòng)重合閘的作用、分類和基本要求

TheRole,ClassificationandBasicRequirementsofAutomaticReclosingofTransmissionLines繼電保護(hù)運(yùn)行與調(diào)試

RelayProtectionOperationandCommissioning讓我們帶著問題開始……

Let'sstartwithquestions......1、輸電線路的瞬時(shí)性故障和永久性故障主要有哪些？

1.Whatarethemaintransientfaultsandpermanentfaultsoftransmissionlines?2、什么是自動(dòng)重合閘？

2.Whatistheautomaticreclosing?3、自動(dòng)重合閘裝置有哪些作用？

3.Whatarethefunctionsofautomaticreclosingdevice?4、當(dāng)重合于永久性故障時(shí)，自動(dòng)重合閘裝置有哪些不利影響？

4.Whatarethedetrimentaleffectsofanautomaticreclosingdevicewhenreclosingonapermanentfault?5、自動(dòng)重合閘裝置有哪些分類？

5.Whataretheclassificationsofautomaticreclosingdevices?6、自動(dòng)重合閘裝置的基本要求是什么？

6.Whatarethebasicrequirementsoftheautomaticreclosingdevice?1.瞬時(shí)性故障VS永久性故障

1.Transientvs.permanentfaults輸電線路（特別是架空線路）是發(fā)生故障幾率最多的元件。

Transmissionlines(especiallyoverheadlines)arethecomponentswiththehighestchanceoffailure.在輸電線路的故障中，約有90%以上是瞬時(shí)性故障。

About90%ormoreofthefaultsintransmissionlinesaretransientfaults.線路對(duì)樹枝放電

Linedischargesagainsttreebranches由雷電引起的絕緣子表面閃絡(luò)

Insulatorsurfaceflashovercausedbylightning鳥害或樹枝等物掉落在導(dǎo)線上引起的短路

Shortcircuitscausedbybirds,insects,treebranchesorotherobjectsfallingontheconductor大風(fēng)引起的碰線

Linetouchingcausedbyhighwinds

線路倒桿

Electriclinepolefallingdown斷線

Brokenline絕緣子擊穿或損壞

Insulatorbreakdownordamage永久性故障

Permanentfaults2.自動(dòng)重合閘裝置的概念

2.Conceptofautomaticreclosingdevice把因故障而跳開的斷路器自動(dòng)重新投入的一種裝置稱為自動(dòng)重合閘，簡(jiǎn)稱為ARD（ZCH）。

Adevicethatautomaticallyre-engagesacircuitbreakertrippedduetoafaultiscalledanautomaticreclosingdevice,orARD(ZCH)forshort.對(duì)于瞬時(shí)性故障，如在線路故障被斷開以后，把斷開的斷路器再次合上，就能恢復(fù)供電，從而減少停電時(shí)間，提高供電可靠性。

Fortransientfaults,(forexample,afteralinehasbeendisconnectedduetoafault,powercanberestoredbyclosingthedisconnectedcircuitbreakeragain),theautomaticreclosingdevicereducesoutagetimeandimprovespowersupplyreliability.瞬時(shí)性故障→重合成功

Transientfault→successfulreclosing永久性故障→重合不成功

Permanentfault→unsuccessfulreclosing資料表明：成功率在60%~90%之間

Datashowthatthesuccessrateisbetween60%and90%.2.自動(dòng)重合閘裝置的概念

2.Conceptofautomaticreclosingdevice

如圖所示饋線，正常時(shí)負(fù)荷得電，正常工作，如果此時(shí)輸電線路上發(fā)生瞬時(shí)性故障。

Inthefeedershowninthefigure,theloadisenergizedandoperatesnormally.電源

Powersupply母線

Busbar斷路器

Circuitbreaker電流

Current互感器

Instrumenttransformer故障電流

Faultcurrent故障

Fault饋線

Feeder負(fù)荷

Load電壓互感器

Voltagetransformer保護(hù)裝置

Protectivedevice跳閘命令

Trippingcommand跳閘

Tripping斷路器操動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)

Circuitbreakeroperatingmechanism2.自動(dòng)重合閘裝置的概念

2.Conceptofautomaticreclosingdevice保護(hù)裝置動(dòng)作，跳開斷路器，負(fù)荷失電。Theprotectivedeviceoperatesandtripsthecircuitbreaker,andthentheloadlosespower.電源

Powersupply母線

Busbar斷路器

Circuitbreaker電流

Current互感器

Instrumenttransformer饋線

Feeder跳閘

Tripping電壓互感器

Voltagetransformer保護(hù)裝置

Protectivedevice跳閘命令

Trippingcommand斷路器操動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)

Circuitbreakeroperatingmechanism2.自動(dòng)重合閘裝置的概念

2.Conceptofautomaticreclosingdevice經(jīng)一定延時(shí)后，重合閘裝置動(dòng)作，發(fā)出合閘命令A(yù)fteracertaindelaytime,thereclosingdeviceoperatestoissueaclosingcommand重合閘裝置

Reclosingdevice

合閘命令

Closingcommand電源

Powersupply母線

Busbar斷路器

Circuitbreaker饋線

Feeder2.自動(dòng)重合閘裝置的概念

2.Conceptofautomaticreclosingdevice斷路器閉合，此時(shí)故障已消失，線路恢復(fù)供電，負(fù)荷重新得電。

Thecircuitbreakercloses,atwhichtimethefaulthasdisappeared,thepowersupplytothelineisresumed,andtheloadisre-energized.

合閘命令

Closingcommand電源

Powersupply母線

Busbar斷路器

Circuitbreaker饋線

Feeder負(fù)荷

Load3.自動(dòng)重合閘裝置的作用

3.Roleofautomaticreclosingdevice01提高供電可靠性

01Improvepowersupplyreliability02加快事故后電力系統(tǒng)電壓恢復(fù)速度

02Acceleratethepowersystemvoltagerecoveryafteranaccident03彌補(bǔ)輸電線路耐雷水平降低的影響

03Compensatefortheimpactofreducedlightningresistanceleveloftransmissionlines.減少線路停電次數(shù)，對(duì)單側(cè)電源的供電線路尤其顯著

Reducethenumberoflineoutages,especiallyforunilateralpowerlines.一次重合成功率60%～70%

Single-shotreclosingsuccessrateof60%to70%二次重合成功率80%～90%

Double-shotreclosingsuccessrateof80%to90%電機(jī)未完全制動(dòng)，自啟動(dòng)電流小

Smallself-startingcurrentwhenthemotorisnotfullybraked一次重合循環(huán)：幾秒

Single-shotreclosingcycle:afewseconds二次重合循環(huán)：幾十秒

Double-shotreclosingcycle:tensofseconds線路耐雷水平較低

Lowleveloflinelightningprotection10KV：不裝避雷線

10KV:nooverheadearthingwire35KV：進(jìn)線段1KM左右裝

35KV:overheadearthingwireisinstalledatabout1KMfromtheincomingline3.自動(dòng)重合閘裝置的作用

3.Roleofautomaticreclosingdevice04提高系統(tǒng)并列運(yùn)行的穩(wěn)定性

04Improvethestabilityofparalleloperationofsystems05節(jié)省建設(shè)輸電線路投資

05Saveinvestmentintheconstructionoftransmissionlines06對(duì)誤跳閘能起糾正作用

06Makecorrectionforfalsetripping聯(lián)絡(luò)線跳開→功率不平衡→功角δ↑→失步

Interconnectionlinetripped→powerimbalance→powerangleδ↑→out-of-synchronizationP（Q）不足→f↓（U↓）

P(Q)insufficiency→f↓(U↓)P（Q）過?！鷉↑（U↑）

P(Q)excess→f↑(U↑)緩建或不建第二回線

Postponeorevencanceltheconstructionofthesecondloopline誤跳閘：繼保誤動(dòng)

Falsetripping:falsetrippingofrelayprotectionQF操作機(jī)構(gòu)不良

PoorperformanceofQFoperationmechanism人為誤碰

Intentionalhumantouch4.自動(dòng)重合閘裝置的不利影響

4.Adverseeffectsofautomaticreclosingdevices使電力系統(tǒng)又一次受到故障的沖擊，可能引起系統(tǒng)震蕩。

Makethepowersystemonceagainsubjecttotheshockofthefault,whichmaycausepowersystemoscillation.使斷路器工作條件惡化，因?yàn)樵诤芏虝r(shí)間內(nèi)斷路器要連續(xù)兩次切斷短路電流

Deterioratetheoperatingconditionsofthecircuitbreaker,becausethecircuitbreakerhastocutofftheshort-circuitcurrenttwiceconsecutivelyinaveryshorttime.當(dāng)重合于永久性故障上時(shí)……

Whenreclosingonapermanentfault......空氣斷路器：不受影響

Aircircuitbreaker:notaffected油斷路器：切斷短路電流時(shí)，觸頭附近的油要分解和碳化，絕緣性能降低，絕緣性能恢復(fù)要一定的時(shí)間，同時(shí)滅弧室的絕緣油充分交換也需要時(shí)間，因此油斷路器重合于永久性故障時(shí)的開斷電流要降低一些。

Oilcircuitbreaker:whentheshortcircuitcurrentiscutoff,theoilnearthecontactisdecomposedandcarbonized,theinsulationperformanceoftheoilisreduced,therecoveryoftheinsulationperformancetakesacertaintime,andthefullexchangeoftheinsulatingoilinthearcextinguishingchamberalsotakestime.So,thebreakingcurrentoftheoilcircuitbreakerreclosingonthepermanentfaultshouldbereduced.5.自動(dòng)重合閘裝置的分類——按功能分類

5.Classificationofautomaticreclosingdevices-byfunction不管是單相接地還是相間短路，跳開三相斷路器，進(jìn)行三相重合閘。若故障為瞬時(shí)性，則重合閘成功，否則保護(hù)再次動(dòng)作，跳開三相斷路器。

Whetheritisasingle-phasegroundoraninterphaseshortcircuit,tripthethree-phasecircuitbreakerandperformathree-phasereclosing.Ifthefaultistransient,thereclosingissuccessful;otherwise,theprotectionoperatesagainandtripsthethree-phasecircuitbreaker.發(fā)生單相接地時(shí)，跳開故障相斷路器，進(jìn)行單相重合閘。若故障為瞬時(shí)性，則重合閘成功；否則保護(hù)再次動(dòng)作，跳開三相斷路器。

Whensingle-phasegroundingoccurs,tripthefaulty-phasecircuitbreakerandcarryoutsingle-phasereclosing.Ifthefaultistransient,thereclosingissuccessful;otherwise,theprotectionoperatesagainandtripsthethree-phasecircuitbreaker.發(fā)生相間短路時(shí)，跳開三相斷路器，不進(jìn)行重合。

Incaseofinterphaseshortcircuit,tripthethree-phasecircuitbreakerwithoutreclosing.只限用于220kV及以上裝有分相操作機(jī)構(gòu)的斷路器的輸電線路。

Itislimitedtopowertransmissionlinesof220kVandaboveequippedwithcircuitbreakerswithsplitphaseoperatingmechanisms.發(fā)生單相接地時(shí)，跳開故障相斷路器，進(jìn)行單相重合閘。若故障為瞬時(shí)性，則重合閘成功，否則保護(hù)再次動(dòng)作，跳開三相斷路器。

Whensingle-phasegroundingoccurs,tripthefaulty-phasecircuitbreakerandcarryoutsingle-phasereclosing.Ifthefaultistransient,thereclosingissuccessful;otherwise,theprotectionoperatesagainandtripsthethree-phasecircuitbreaker.發(fā)生相間短路時(shí)，跳開三相斷路器，進(jìn)行三相重合閘。若故障為瞬時(shí)性，則重合閘成功，否則保護(hù)再次動(dòng)作，跳開三相斷路器。

Incaseofinterphaseshortcircuit,tripthethree-phasecircuitbreakerandcarryoutthreephasereclosing.Ifthefaultistransient,thereclosingissuccessful;otherwise,theprotectionoperatesagainandtripsthethree-phasecircuitbreaker.01三相自動(dòng)重合閘

01Three-phaseautomaticreclosing02單相自動(dòng)重合閘

02Single-phaseautomaticreclosing03綜合自動(dòng)重合閘

03Integratedautomaticreclosing5.自動(dòng)重合閘裝置的分類——其他分類

5.Classificationofautomaticreclosingdevices--Otherclassifications機(jī)械式ARD

MechanicalARD電氣式ARD

ElectricalARD晶體管式ARD

TransistorizedARD按構(gòu)成原理分類

Classificationaccordingtotheprincipleofcomposition一次ARD

One-timeARD二次ARD

Two-timeARD多次ARD

MultipleARD按動(dòng)作次數(shù)

Bynumberofoperations按應(yīng)用的線路結(jié)構(gòu)分類

Classificationaccordingtothelinestructureofapplication單側(cè)電源線路ARD

Unilateral-powerlineARD雙側(cè)電源線路ARD

BilateralpowerlinesARD三相快速ARD

Three-phasefastARD非同步ARD

Non-synchronousARD無壓檢定和同步檢定ARD

No-voltageverificationandsynchronousverificationARDs檢查平行線路有電流的ARD

ARDwithcurrentinparallelcircuit解列ARD

DesynchronizedARD自同步ARD

Self-synchronizationARD6.自動(dòng)重合閘裝置的基本要求

6.Basicrequirementsforautomaticreclosingdevices重合閘的啟動(dòng)方式：事故跳閘時(shí)，ARD啟動(dòng)；正常跳閘時(shí)，ARD閉鎖。為了區(qū)別事故跳閘和正常跳閘，有以下兩種啟動(dòng)方式。

Startingmethodofreclosing:Incaseofaccidentaltripping,ARDisstarted;incaseofnormaltripping,ARDisblocked.Inordertodifferentiatebetweenaccidentaltrippingandnormaltripping,therearethefollowingtwostart-upmethods.01

0102

021

12

2不對(duì)應(yīng)啟動(dòng)方式：控制開關(guān)“合后”位置與斷路器“跳后”位置不對(duì)應(yīng)，表明斷路器因保護(hù)動(dòng)作或誤動(dòng)作而跳閘，ARD啟動(dòng)。適用于有人值班就地控制的變電所，不適用于遙控線路。

Non-correspondingstartingmode:Thecontrolswitch"afterclosing"positiondoesnotcorrespondtothecircuitbreaker"aftertripping"position,indicatingthatthecircuitbreakeristrippedduetoprotectionoperationormalfunction,andtheARDisactivated.Itisapplicabletothetransformersubstationwhichiscontrolledlocallybythepersononduty,butnotapplicabletothelineofremotecontrol.保護(hù)啟動(dòng)方式：保護(hù)動(dòng)作于斷路器跳閘的同時(shí)，ARD啟動(dòng)。對(duì)斷路器誤跳閘不能起糾正作用，適用于遙控場(chǎng)合。

Protectivestartingmode:ARDisstartedwhenthecircuitbreakeristripped.Itcannotplayacorrectiveroleforthecircuitbreakerfalsetripping,andissuitableforremotecontroloccasions.在正常跳閘時(shí)，閉鎖ARD。

ARDisblockedduringnormaltripping.1

12

2運(yùn)行人員手動(dòng)操作或遙控?cái)嗦菲鲾嚅_時(shí)，閉鎖ARD。

ARDisblockedwhenthecircuitbreakeristrippedmanuallyorremotelybytheoperator.當(dāng)手動(dòng)投入或自動(dòng)投入斷路器時(shí)，若線路故障，保護(hù)跳開，閉鎖ARD。

Whenthecircuitbreakerisengagedmanuallyorautomatically,theprotectionistrippedandARDisblockedifthelineisfaulty.3

3按頻率自動(dòng)減負(fù)荷裝置動(dòng)作將斷路器斷開時(shí)，閉鎖ARD。

TheARDisblockedwhenthecircuitbreakerisdisconnectedbytheoperationoftheautomaticloadsheddingdeviceaccordingtofrequency.4

4母線保護(hù)或橋形接線的主變差動(dòng)保護(hù)動(dòng)作跳閘，因不屬于線路故障，閉鎖ARD。

Fortrippingduetothemaintransformerdifferentialprotectionoperationofthebusbarprotectionorbridgeconnection,theARDdeviceisblockedbecauseitisnotalinefault.6.自動(dòng)重合閘裝置的基本要求

6.Basicrequirementsforautomaticreclosingdevices動(dòng)作時(shí)間應(yīng)盡可能短些：保護(hù)動(dòng)作切除故障后，在滿足故障點(diǎn)絕緣恢復(fù)及斷路器操作機(jī)構(gòu)已準(zhǔn)備好重合的條件下，ARD應(yīng)盡快發(fā)出重合閘脈沖，以縮短停電時(shí)間。

Theoperationtimeshallbeasshortaspossible:Aftertheprotectionoperationisolatesthefault,undertheconditionthattheinsulationrecoveryatthefaultpointissatisfiedandthecircuitbreakeroperatingmechanismisreadytoreclose,ARDshouldissuereclosingpulseassoonaspossibletoshortenthepoweroutagetime.03

0304

04動(dòng)作次數(shù)應(yīng)符合預(yù)先的規(guī)定

Thenumberofoperationsshallbeasrequired.05

05應(yīng)與繼電保護(hù)配合：有可能在重合閘以前或以后加速繼電保護(hù)的動(dòng)作，加速故障的切除。

Itshallcooperatewithrelayprotection:Itispossibletoacceleratetheop