建筑結(jié)構(gòu)ArchitecturalStructures梁的構(gòu)造要求ConstructionRequirementsforBeams3.1梁、板構(gòu)件設(shè)計(jì)DesignofBeamandPlateElements目錄

CONTENTS受彎構(gòu)件的概念TheConceptofFlexuralMembers1梁的截面形式及尺寸Cross-sectionalFormsandDimensionsofBeams2梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams3受彎構(gòu)件的概念TheConceptofFlexuralMembersPARTONE受彎構(gòu)件的概念TheConceptofFlexuralMembers彎矩圖Bendingmomentdiagrams剪力圖Shearforcediagrams受彎構(gòu)件：指同時(shí)受到剪力和彎矩共同作用的構(gòu)件Flexuralmember:Acomponentsubjecttosimultaneousactionofshearforceandbendingmoment梁Beams板Slabs承擔(dān)豎向荷載傳遞，使其產(chǎn)生彎曲和剪切現(xiàn)象Bearverticalloadtransfer,causingbendingandshearphenomenatooccur受彎構(gòu)件的概念TheConceptofFlexuralMembers梁的截面形式及尺寸TheCross-sectionalFormsandSizesofBeamsPARTTWO梁的截面形式及尺寸TheCross-sectionalFormsandSizesofBeams矩形RectangularT形T-shaped工字形工-shaped箱形Box-sectionΓ形Γ-shapedΠ形Π-shaped梁的截面形式及尺寸TheCross-sectionalFormsandSizesofBeamsT形梁T-beams倒L形梁InvertedL-beams梁的截面形式及尺寸TheCross-sectionalFormsandSizesofBeams梁截面Beamcross-sectionbh承載力Load-bearingcapacity剛度Stiffness抗裂性能Crack-resistance施工方便Convenientforconstruction梁的截面形式及尺寸TheCross-sectionalFormsandSizesofBeams梁截面高度hBeamcross-sectionalheighth梁的跨度LThebeam'sspanlength(L)梁的結(jié)構(gòu)形式Beam'sstructuralform獨(dú)立簡支梁hIndependentlysimplysupportedbeamh

懸臂梁hCantileverbeamh按剛度條件確定梁的截面高度Thecross-sectionalheightofabeamisdeterminedbasedonstiffnessconditions

梁的截面形式及尺寸TheCross-sectionalFormsandSizesofBeams梁截面高度hBeamcross-sectionalheighth梁的跨度LThebeam'sspanlength(L)梁的結(jié)構(gòu)形式Beam'sstructuralform現(xiàn)澆樓蓋主梁Cast-in-placefloorslabmainbeam現(xiàn)澆樓蓋次梁hCast-in-placefloorslabsecondarybeamh按剛度條件確定梁的截面高度Thecross-sectionalheightofabeamisdeterminedbasedonstiffnessconditions

梁的截面形式及尺寸TheCross-sectionalFormsandSizesofBeams為統(tǒng)一模板便于施工，常用梁高為250mm、300mm、350mm等，800mm以上以100mm遞增。Tofacilitateuniformityandeaseofconstructionusingtemplates,commonbeamheightsinclude250mm,300mm,350mm,etc.,withincrementsof100mmabove800mm.梁的截面形式及尺寸TheCross-sectionalFormsandSizesofBeams矩形截面RectangularsectionsT形截面T-shapedsections梁截面的寬度Widthofabeam'scross-section梁的高度hTheheight(h)ofthebeam梁的截面形式Thecross-sectionalform

梁的截面形式及尺寸TheCross-sectionalFormsandSizesofBeams常用梁寬是150mm、180mm、200mm等等，200mm以上以50mm遞增。Commonbeamwidthsare150mm,180mm,200mm,etc.,withincrementsof50mmabove200mm.梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeamsPARTTHREE梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeamsLongitudinaltensionbarsStirrupsErectionbarBent-upbarsSidebeamconstructionreinforcement梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams架立鋼筋：梁上部Erectionbar:Upperpartofbeam縱向受力鋼筋：梁下部或上部Longitudinalreinforcementsteel:Lowerpartorupperpartofthebeam構(gòu)造鋼筋：梁側(cè)面Constructionreinforcement:Sideofthebeam梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams箍筋：處于外圍包裹著其他鋼筋Stirrup:Positionedontheperipheryenclosingotherreinforcementbars彎起鋼筋：在梁的兩端由縱向受力鋼筋彎起B(yǎng)ent-upbar:Formedbybendinglongitudinaltensionreinforcementatbothendsofthebeam梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams單筋截面Single-rebarsection通常布置于梁的受拉區(qū)，承受由彎矩產(chǎn)生的拉應(yīng)力。Longitudinaltensionbarsareusuallyarrangedinthetensionzoneofthebeam,bearingtensilestressescausedbybendingmoments.縱向受力鋼筋LongitudinalReinforcement梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams配置在受壓區(qū)補(bǔ)充混凝土受壓能力不足，承擔(dān)壓力時(shí)，構(gòu)成雙筋截面。Whentheyareplacedinthecompressionzonetosupplementtheinsufficientcompressivecapacityoftheconcrete,theyconstituteadoublyreinforcedsection.雙筋截面Double-rebarsection縱向受力鋼筋LongitudinalReinforcement梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams梁的鋼筋BeamReinforcement縱向受力鋼筋LongitudinalReinforcingBars縱向受力鋼筋位置LongitudinalReinforcementPosition縱向受力鋼筋LongitudinalReinforcement縱向受力鋼筋LongitudinalReinforcement梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams常用直徑：12~32mm。Commondiameters:12to32millimeters.梁伸入支座鋼筋：不少于2根，通?？梢慌?~4根。Beamreinforcementextendingintosupports:nofewerthan2bars,typicallyrangingfrom3to4barsperrow.h0h縱向受力鋼筋LongitudinalReinforcement梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams梁高不小于300時(shí)：鋼筋直徑不少于10mm。Whenbeamheightislessthan300mm:thediameterofreinforcingbarsshallnotbelessthan8mm.梁高小于300時(shí)：鋼筋直徑不小于8mm。Forbeamswithheightslessthan300mm,thediameterofthelongitudinalreinforcingbarsshallnotbelessthan8mm.h0h梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams縱向受力鋼筋LongitudinalReinforcement同一構(gòu)件中鋼筋種類宜少。Inthesamestructuralcomponent,thenumberofdifferenttypesofreinforcingbarsshouldbeminimized.有兩種不同直徑時(shí)：直徑相差至少2mm，便于分辨。Whentherearetwodifferentdiameters:thedifferenceindiameterbetweenthereinforcingbarsshouldbeatleast2mmtofacilitatedistinction.同一截面受力鋼筋直徑也不宜相差太大，以免受力不均。Thediametersofreinforcingbarswithinthesamecross-sectionshouldnotdiffertoogreatlytoavoidunevendistributionofforces.梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams縱向受力鋼筋LongitudinalReinforcementh0h凈距≥25mm且≥dClearance≥25mmand≥d凈距≥30mm且≥1.5dClearance≥30mmand≥1.5d凈距≥25m≥dClearance≥25mmand≥d梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams梁配筋密集區(qū)，受力鋼筋單根布置導(dǎo)致混凝土難以澆筑密實(shí)時(shí)，為方便施工，采用兩根或三根鋼筋綁扎并筋的配筋方式。Inareasofdensereinforcementinthebeam,whenarrangingasinglebarleadstodifficultiesincompactconcretepouring,forconstructionconvenience,twoorthreerebarscanbebundledandtiedtogetherasshowninthefigure.梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams梁受壓區(qū)無受壓鋼筋時(shí)，需配置2根架立筋放置于受壓區(qū)外緣兩側(cè)。Whentherearenocompressivebarsinthecompressionzoneofabeam,twotiebarsmustbeplacedoneithersideoftheouteredgeofthecompressionzone.架立鋼筋ErectionBar梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams固定箍筋的正確位置，與梁底縱筋形成鋼筋骨架。Tofixthecorrectpositionofstirrupsandformareinforcedsteelcagewiththebottomlongitudinalbars.承受混凝土收縮及溫度變化產(chǎn)生的拉力，防止發(fā)生裂縫。Toresisttensileforcescausedbyconcreteshrinkageandtemperaturechanges,preventingcracksfromoccurring.作用

Functions架立鋼筋ErectionBar梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams架立鋼筋直徑與梁的跨度有關(guān)Thediameterofthetiebarsdependsonthespanofthebeam<44~6梁跨（m）SpanofBeam(m)＜44~6＞6架力鋼筋的最小直徑(mm)MinimumDiameterofLateralBracingReinforcement(mm)81012架立鋼筋ErectionBar梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams彎起鋼筋Bent-upbars<44~6由縱向受力鋼筋彎起而成Formedbybendingoflongitudinalreinforcingbars梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams彎起鋼筋Bent-upbars<44~6在跨中承受由彎矩產(chǎn)生的拉應(yīng)力。Withstandthetensilestressgeneratedbybendingmomentsinthemid-span.在靠近支座的彎起段承受剪力和彎矩共同產(chǎn)生的主拉應(yīng)力。Enduretheprincipaltensilestressproducedbyshearforcesandbendingmomentsnearthesupports.作用

Functions梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams彎起鋼筋Bent-upbars<44~6彎起角度要求BendAngleRequirementsh≤800mm時(shí)α＝45°Whenh≤800mm,α=45°h＞800mm時(shí)α＝60°Whenh>800mm,α=60°梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams箍筋Stirrups<44~6箍：捆綁。Hoop:Binding.箍筋：將其他鋼筋固定捆綁起來。Stirrup:Bindingandsecuringotherreinforcementbarstogether.梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams<44~6承受由彎矩和剪力引起的主拉應(yīng)力。Toresisttheprincipaltensilestressinducedbybendingmomentsandshearforces.固定縱筋位置形成空間骨架。tosecurethepositionoflongitudinalreinforcementbars,formingaspatialframework.作用

Functions箍筋Stirrups梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrups梁h＞300mm，沿全長布置。Thebeamheighthis>300mm,stirrupsarearrangedalongthefulllength.梁h=150~300mm，僅在梁兩端1/4跨度范圍按構(gòu)造設(shè)置箍筋，有集中荷載，仍全長設(shè)置。Thebeamheighthis150~300mm,stirrupsareprovidedonlyinthequarter-spanrangeatbothendsbasedonconstructionrequirements;evenunderconcentratedloads,theyarestillarrangedalongthefulllength.無需箍筋的梁Beamwithoutstirrups當(dāng)梁h＜150mm，可不布置。Thebeamheighthis<150mm,stirrupsmaynotbeprovided.梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrups開口式Open封閉式Closed梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrups將端部錨固在受壓區(qū)內(nèi)，且端頭做成135°彎鉤，彎鉤端部平直段長度≥10d且≥75mm。Fixtheendanchorageswithinthecompressionzone,forminga135-degreebendhookattheend,withastraightlengthatthehookend≥10timesthediameter(d)and≥75mm.梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrups單肢Singlelimb雙肢Doublelimbs四肢Fourlimbs梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrups單肢Singlelimbb≤150mm梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrupsb≤400，且一層內(nèi)縱向受壓鋼筋不多于4根。b≤400mm,andnomorethan4longitudinalcompressionreinforcementbarswithinonelayer.雙肢Doublelimbs梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrupsb＞400，且一層內(nèi)縱向受壓鋼筋多于3根。b>400mm,andtherearemorethan3longitudinalcompressionreinforcementbarswithinonelayer.四肢Fourlimbs梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrups雙肢箍Double-leg四肢箍Quadruple-leg梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrups箍筋的直徑與梁高有關(guān)。Thediameterofstirrupsisrelatedtothebeamheight.梁h＞800mm，箍筋直徑d≥8mm。Whenthebeamheighthis>800mm,thestirrupdiameterdshouldbe≥8mm.梁h≤800mm，箍筋直徑d≥6mm。Whenthebeamheighthis≤800mm,thestirrupdiameterdshouldbe≥6mm.梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrups當(dāng)梁配有計(jì)算需要的縱向受壓鋼筋，箍筋直徑d≥梁縱向受壓鋼筋較大直徑的1/4。Whenthebeamisequippedwithrequiredlongitudinalcompressivereinforcement,thestirrupdiameterdshouldbe≥one-fourthofthelargerdiameterofthelongitudinalcompressivereinforcement.一般不宜大于12mm。Itshouldnotexceed12mm.梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrups箍筋的間距由計(jì)算確定，但其最大間距符合規(guī)范規(guī)定。Thespacingofstirrupsisdeterminedbycalculation,butthemaximumspacingmustcomplywithcodeprovisions.梁