Sandfiltrationunit-coarsefiltration砂過濾單元--粗過濾概述Overview1.膜：是指在一種流體相內(nèi)或是在兩種流體相之間有一層薄的凝聚相，它把流體相分隔為互不相通的兩部分，并能使這兩部分之間產(chǎn)生傳質(zhì)作用。Membrane:Athincohesivelayerwithinafluidphaseorbetweentwofluidphases,whichseparatesthefluidphasesintotwopartsthatarenotincontactwitheachotherandenablesmasstransferbetweenthesetwoparts.2.膜過濾：是指利用特定材質(zhì)的薄膜過濾掉液體（水）中的污染物或其他成分的過濾方法。膜過濾采用的是一種半透膜，它只允許特定的物質(zhì)可通過薄膜。Membranefiltration:isafiltrationmethodthatusesamembraneofaspecificmaterialtofilteroutcontaminantsorothercomponentsfromaliquid(water).Membranefiltrationusesasemi-permeablemembranewhichallowsonlyspecificsubstancestopassthroughthemembrane.該工作單元側(cè)重兩點(diǎn)Thisworkunitfocusesontwopoints一是將飲用水中常用的固態(tài)物分離的固態(tài)物過濾過程oneisthesolidsfiltrationprocessthatseparatesthesolidscommonlyusedindrinkingwater過濾原理圖概述Overview概述Overview實(shí)際上，

使用沙層，通過在一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴落的過程中進(jìn)行深層過濾來濾出未溶物和懸浮污染物。

Ineffect,thesandlayerisusedtofilteroutundissolvedandsuspendedcontaminantsbydeepfiltrationinalittledripprocess.污染物滯留在沙層，沉積形成濾后沉淀。隨著時間的推進(jìn)，滲透性降低，沙層上方水位上升，并通過感應(yīng)的方式記錄下來。Contaminantsareretainedinthesandlayeranddepositedtoformpost-filtrationsedimentation.Astimeprogresses,permeabilitydecreasesandthewaterlevelabovethesandlayerrisesandisrecordedbyinduction.傳感器信號將入口關(guān)閉，并開始反流過程。在PC上通過附帶的軟件對過濾過程的參數(shù)化進(jìn)行配置.Thesensorsignalclosestheinletandstartsthebackflowprocess.TheparameterizationofthefiltrationprocessisconfiguredonaPCviatheincludedsoftware.例如改變反流時間或調(diào)整凈化空氣壓力，以粉碎濾后沉淀。含有粒度不同的石英砂礫的不同過濾層的結(jié)構(gòu)，以及通過透明過濾外殼對清潔性能進(jìn)行監(jiān)視，屬于特殊環(huán)節(jié)。Forexample,thebackflowtimeischangedorthepurgeairpressureisadjustedtocrushthepost-filtrationprecipitation.Thestructureofthedifferentfilterlayerscontainingquartzgravelswithdifferentparticlesizesandthemonitoringofthecleaningperformancebymeansoftransparentfilterhousingsarespecialaspects.二是污水處理技術(shù)Second,sewagetreatmenttechnology功能Function該工作單元專門針對飲用水和污水工程中固體分離方面經(jīng)常采用的過濾方法。Thisworkingunitisspecificallydesignedforfiltrationmethodsoftenusedintheseparationofsolidsindrinkingwaterandwastewaterengineering.跟大自然一樣，沙層用來在通過深層過濾滲透時截留住懸浮在水中的未溶解雜質(zhì)。Likenature,thesandlayerisusedtotrapundissolvedimpuritiessuspendedinthewaterasitpercolatesthroughdeepfiltration.這些污染物附著在沙層中，形成濾餅。隨著時間的推移，沙層的滲透性降低，沙層上方的水位增加，由傳感器進(jìn)行檢測。傳感器信號可以中斷進(jìn)水，然后開始反向沖洗過程。Thesecontaminantsadheretothesandlayerandformafiltercake.Overtime,thepermeabilityofthesandlayerdecreasesandthewaterlevelabovethesandlayerincreases,whichisdetectedbysensors.Thesensorsignalcaninterruptthewaterintakeandthenstartthebackwashingprocess.過濾過程的參數(shù)設(shè)置是通過隨軟件在PC上進(jìn)行的，例如：調(diào)整反向沖洗時間或用于分解濾餅的沖洗空氣的壓力設(shè)置。TheparametersofthefiltrationprocessaresetonthePCusingtheaccompanyingsoftware,e.g.toadjustthebackflushtimeorthepressuresettingoftheflushingairusedtobreakupthefiltercake.功能Function學(xué)習(xí)的一個重要內(nèi)容是：介紹由不同顆粒大小的石英砂和石英礫石構(gòu)成的過濾層，以及通過透明的外罩觀察它們各自的清潔性能。Animportantpartofthestudyisthepresentationofthefilterlayersconsistingofquartzsandandquartzgravelofdifferentparticlesizesandtheobservationoftheirrespectivecleaningpropertiesthroughatransparentoutercover.功能Function主要包括：Mainlyincludes:水箱（地下水）1個，1Xwatertank(groundwater)沙濾裝置1套，1setofsandfilteringdevice.凈水箱1個，1Xwaterpurificationtank.反沖洗泵1個，1Xbackwashing

pump.PID控制界面兩個2x

PIDcontrolinterfaces吸液裝置1套（模擬污染物）1setofaspirationdevices

(simulatedcontaminants)EDS過濾整體介紹EDSfiltrationoverallintroduction它是一種控訴沙過濾裝置，可以模擬快速沙濾、反沖洗過程。Itisacontrolv.sandfiltrationdevicethatcansimulatetherapidsandfiltrationandbackwashingprocess.EDS過濾整體介紹EDSfiltrationoverallintroduction前視圖FrontViewEDS膜過濾的簡介IntroductiontoEDSmembranefiltration后視圖Rearview定義：是指液體在強(qiáng)制通過多孔材料或?yàn)V床時，與固體懸浮物分離的過程。Definition:Itistheprocessofseparationofaliquidfromsuspendedsolidsasitisforcedthroughaporousmaterialorfilterbed.由于固體與液體密度相當(dāng)，導(dǎo)致固體懸浮在液體中，而使用絮凝、浮選和沉淀都無法再去除的固體，可使用過濾的方法去除。Solidsthatcannolongerberemovedusingflocculation,flotationandsedimentationduetotheircomparabledensitytotheliquid,resultinginsolidssuspendedintheliquid,canberemovedusingfiltration.過濾是由過濾介質(zhì)兩側(cè)的壓差驅(qū)動。Filtrationisdrivenbythedifferentialpressurebetweenthetwosidesofthefiltermedia.過濾的分離機(jī)制基于過濾介質(zhì)的空隙。Theseparationmechanismoffiltrationisbasedonthevoidsofthefiltermedia.過濾知識Filtrationknowledge表面過濾：膜過濾Surfacefiltration:membranefiltration深層過濾：沙過濾Deepfiltration:sandfiltration過濾一般分為表面過濾和深層過濾。Filtrationisgenerallydividedintosurfacefiltrationanddeepfiltration.過濾知識Filtrationknowledge過濾知識Filtrationknowledge過程特性慢速沙濾快速沙濾過濾速率0.05-0.3m/h5-15m/h介質(zhì)直徑0.3-0.45mm0.5-1.2mm床深0.9-1.5m0.6-1.8m氧含量3mg/l---成熟期幾天時間15分鐘-2小時預(yù)處理不需要混凝主要過濾機(jī)制濾除、生物活動深層過濾/濾除再生方法刮擦清洗反沖洗沙過濾裝置是最常見的深層過濾。Sandfiltrationunitsarethemostcommontypeofdeepfiltration.沙濾裝置除了石英砂材料外，還可能用到無煙煤、鐵砂等。底部一般位砂礫支撐層，上方位為過濾介質(zhì)（石英沙、無煙煤等）Sandfilterdevicemayuseanthracite,ironsand,etc.inadditiontoquartzsandmaterial.Thebottomisgenerallylocatedgravelsupportlayer,theupperorientationisfiltermedia(quartzsand,anthracite,etc.)沙過濾的分類：快速沙過濾、慢速沙過濾Classificationofsandfiltration:fastsandfiltration,slowsandfiltration過濾知識過濾知識Filtrationknowledge濾除：濾除或截留大于過濾介質(zhì)孔隙的顆粒Filterout:filteroutorretainparticleslargerthantheporesofthefiltermedia截斷：沿著水流線移動的顆粒在接觸過濾介質(zhì)表面時被去除Cut-off:particlesmovingalongthewaterflowlineareremovedwhentheycomeincontactwiththesurfaceofthefiltermedia慣性撞擊：重顆粒不沿著水流線Inertialimpact:heavyparticlesdonotfollowthelineofwaterflow擴(kuò)散：因?yàn)轭w粒的布朗運(yùn)動或隨機(jī)運(yùn)動Diffusion:becauseoftheBrownianorrandommotionoftheparticles快速沙濾裝置的內(nèi)在機(jī)制：Mechanismsinherentinrapidsandfiltrationdevices.過濾知識Filtrationknowledge流體動力學(xué)相互作用：（或粘附）顆粒-過濾層之間的相互作用Fluiddynamicsinteractions:(oradhesion)betweenparticles-filterlayerinteractions靜電相互作用：（或吸附）因?yàn)轭w粒或過濾介質(zhì)的表面電荷靜電力

示例-范德華力和庫倫力Electrostaticinteractions:(oradsorption)becauseofelectrostaticforcesonthesurface

chargeofparticlesorfiltermediaExamples-VanderWaalsandCoulombforces沉淀：將溶液中的目的產(chǎn)物或主要雜質(zhì)以無定形固相形式析出再進(jìn)行分離的操作。Precipitation:Theoperationofprecipitatingthetargetproductormajorimpuritiesinsolutionintheformofanamorphoussolidphaseandthenseparatingthem.圖為范德華力ThepictureisVanderWalik過濾知識Filtrationknowledge安裝成本低Lowinstallationcost容易獲得的過濾介質(zhì)Easilyaccessiblefiltermedia能耗低Lowenergyconsumption易于操作和維護(hù)Easytooperateandmaintain流速比慢沙濾裝置高出約40-100倍Flowratesareapproximately40-100timeshigherthanslowsandfilterunits無需其他化學(xué)品Noadditionalchemicalsrequired低維護(hù)成本Lowmaintenancecosts快速沙濾裝置具有以下幾個優(yōu)點(diǎn)：Rapidsandfiltrationunitsofferseveraladvantages.過濾知識Filtrationknowledge反沖洗是指水流反向通過過濾介質(zhì)以沖洗掉滯留固體的過程。Backwashingisthe