情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用2025/1/8can/couldcould/may/mightMaysb.dosth.may/mightaswellmustmustn'tshouldwill/wouldshalldare表可能性或能力表請求、允許時(shí)的委婉語氣表祝愿不妨做......“一定”；“必須”；”非要”（否定回答用needn't）“不可以”，表禁止“竟然（表驚奇、失望、憤怒）”，“應(yīng)當(dāng)”表意愿（第一、三人稱）表建議或征求意見；（第二、三人稱）表命令、警告、允諾、威脅等“敢”1.You___________behungryalready—youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!2.—Willyoureadmeastory,Mummy?

—OK.You________haveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.3.Hurryup！He________bewaitingforusanxiouslyrightnowcan'tshallmust9.It'sstrangethathe________speakinthatway.should情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測1.對現(xiàn)在和將來的推測情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋do2.對過去的推測情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedonemustwill(很有可能）would（很有可能）oughtto很有能shouldcan（可能）could（可能）may（可能）might（可能）可能性由高到低musthavedonecan/can'thavedonecould/couldn'thavedonemay/mighthavedone一定做過某事（肯定的推測）可能做過某事/不可能做過某事(可能推測)可能做過某事/不可能做過某事(對過去的推測）也許已經(jīng)做了/也許已經(jīng)做過某事（推測）對過去的推測

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone(推測)1.Heisplayingbasketballnow.Iguesshe________________(finish)homework.2.He________________(know)thecompetition'sresultsthen,becausehebehavedpatiently.must/canhavefinishedmighthaveknowncould/mighthavedoneshould/oughttohavedonecouldn'thavedoneshouldn'thavedoneneedn'thavedone本可以做某事（卻沒做）本應(yīng)該做某事（卻沒做）不可能做了某事（卻做了）本不應(yīng)該做某事（卻做了）沒有必要做某事（卻做了）注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone也可表示虛擬1.I________________(help)you,butIwastoobusythen.2.Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday,I_______________(take)thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.3.I________________(do)myhomeworklastnight,butIwenttothecinema.couldhavehelpedneedn'thavetakenshouldhavedone

虛擬語氣的使用2025/1/8條件從句從句謂語形式主句謂語形式與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反

與過去事實(shí)相反

與將來事實(shí)相反

動(dòng)詞過去式should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形had+過去分詞should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形1.should+動(dòng)詞原形2.動(dòng)詞過去式3.wereto+動(dòng)詞原形 虛擬語氣1.虛擬條件句1.IfIwereyou,I___________(seize)thechancetogoabroad.2.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,you______________(pass)thedrivingtest.3.Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,we_________(put)offthemeetingtillnextMonday.wouldseizewouldhavepassedwouldput2025/1/82.含蓄條件句出現(xiàn)without(沒有),butfor(要不是);butthat(要不是)

otherwise/or(否則）,主句謂語動(dòng)詞虛擬虛擬過去：would/should/could/might

havedone虛擬現(xiàn)在/將來：would/should/could/might

do2025/1/8Tangshanearthquakehappenedduringthenight,or/otherwisealotofpeople__________________(die).wouldn'thavediedWithoutbuying,somanyanimals____________________(kill).wouldn'thavebeenkilled當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作相應(yīng)調(diào)整。3.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句1.Iftheyhadworkedhard,theywouldbeverytirednow.2.Ifwehadn'tgoteverythingready,wewouldhaveaterribletimetomorrow.(從句說的是過去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在)(從句說的是過去，主句指的是將來)練一練：1.IfhehadspentmoretimepracticingspeakingEnglishbefore,he________(be)abletospeakitmuchbetternow.2.IfIwereyou,I_____________________(miss)thefilmlastnight.

如果我是你,我就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過昨天晚上的那部電影

wouldbewouldn'thavemissed2025/1/84.從句中的虛擬語氣(1)表命令、建議、要求的從句(2)wish引導(dǎo)的從句(3)wouldrather/ifonly/asif引導(dǎo)的從句(4)Itisnecessary/important/essential/vital/natural/strange/apity/ashame/nowonderthatsb(should)do(5)Itis(about/high)time(that)sbdid/shoulddosth(1)表示要求,命令,建議的虛擬語氣一個(gè)堅(jiān)持______________兩個(gè)命令_______________

四個(gè)建議____________________________________

五個(gè)要求_________________________________加一督促__________V+賓語從句+(should)+V原以上動(dòng)詞及相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的主語從句,表語從句和同位語從句

insist

order,command

propose，advise,recommend，suggest,

demand,desire,require,request,ask

urge1.Itisrequiredbylawthatadrivingtest________________(take)beforeamangetsalicense.2.MostcitizensinHongKongstronglyinsistedthatthosewhoattackedthepolice_________________(put)intoprison.3.Hissuggestionisthatwe_____________(set)adeadlineforhandingintheplan.shouldbetakenshouldbeputshouldsetHissuggestionthatwe______(go)toShanghaiiswonderful.Myrequirementisthatthey_______(pay)100dollarsfortheticket.表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞(should)pay(should)go2025/1/81.insist表"堅(jiān)持要求",賓語從句虛擬should+)do"

insist表"堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為",表示看法、事實(shí),賓從用陳述語氣。2.suggest表"建議",賓句用虛擬語氣

suggest表"表明,暗示",表示述一種實(shí)際情況的時(shí)候,賓從用陳述語氣。特別提醒：Heinsistedthathe_________(be)innocent.Whathesaidsuggestedthathe________(be)afraud.waswas表事實(shí)表事實(shí)對現(xiàn)在假設(shè)：wish+主+did/were對過去假設(shè)：wish+主+haddone對將來假設(shè)：wish+主+would/coulddo(2)“wish＋賓語從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望wish與asif一致對現(xiàn)在/將來愿望：動(dòng)詞過去式/were對過去愿望：haddone(3)“wouldrather