PAGE專題十二特別句式1.(2024·全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空，改編)DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoo________itstopcrop.答案：has該句是一個(gè)倒裝句。當(dāng)前面的句子是確定句時(shí)，用“so＋助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語”表示“某人也……”。該句中助動(dòng)詞的選用依據(jù)前面句子的謂語動(dòng)詞來推斷。2．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ，70)China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile________(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide，”saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.答案：feeding此處是省略句。狀語從句主語為it，謂語動(dòng)詞含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以省略it和be。由“連詞＋doing”構(gòu)成，表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。相當(dāng)于whileitisfeedingitscitizens...。3．(2024·天津高考，5，改編)—I'mmovinginafewdaysandIwonderifyoucouldhelp.—Youbet.Justletmeknowwhen,________I'llbethere.答案：and該句式是“祈使句＋and＋簡潔句”，祈使句相當(dāng)于條件，簡潔句相當(dāng)于主句。4．(2024·天津高考，14)Itwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhouse________wesawLilyinthepassengerseat.答案：that“Itis/was...that...”是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。5．(2024·天津高考，11)ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartment________Ifirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.答案：that本句中去掉Itwas和空格所填詞，句意完整，可以推斷本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語從句whenIgotbacktomyapartment，故填that。6．(2024·天津高考，12)Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonnoaccount________usemobilephonesinhisclass.答案：shouldthey此處表示否定含義的介詞短語位于賓語從句句首，賓語從句要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should表示“理應(yīng)，應(yīng)當(dāng)”，故填shouldthey。一強(qiáng)調(diào)句二倒裝句部分倒裝“only＋介詞短語、副詞、狀語從句”置于句首時(shí)，句子部分倒裝①OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.②OnlyafterhecamebackwasIabletoseehim.not,nowhere,never,hardly,little,seldom,rarely,bynomeans,innoway,innocase,atnotime,undernocircumstances等否定意義的副詞或短語位于句首時(shí)，句子部分倒裝①NeverinmylifehaveIseensuchathing.②SeldomdoeshecomebackonSundays.notonly...but(also)...連接兩個(gè)分句置于句首時(shí)，notonly分句用部分倒裝Notonlyisheinterestedinfootballbuthealsoplaysitwell.nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when...結(jié)構(gòu)中，nosooner/hardly/scarcely置于句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝，且多用過去完成時(shí)，than/when后的從句多用一般過去時(shí)①Hardly/Scarcelyhadhefallenasleepwhenaloudknockatthedoorawokehim.②NosoonerhadIreachedthestationthanthetrainleft.notuntil置于句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝Notuntilhismothercamebackdidhefinishhishomework.so/such...that句型中，so/such...置于句首時(shí)①Somovedwasshethatshecouldnotsayaword.②Suchawonderfuljobdidhedothathewonourrespect.as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，常把名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞原形移到as/though之前。假如作表語的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，要省略冠詞①Youngas/thoughIam,IhavemadeupmymindtobecomewhatIwanttobewhenIgrowup.②Childasheis,hehastomakealiving.so,neither,nor置于句首，表示前面的狀況也適用于另一人或物時(shí)①IhaveneverbeentoGuangzhou②Shehasfinishedherhomework;sohasherbrother.在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣條件句中，從句謂語動(dòng)詞含有were,had,should等詞，可將if省略，把were,had,should移到主語之前①WereIyou,Iwouldtakethechallengingjob.②Hadyoucomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.③Shouldhebeherenextweek,hewouldhelpus.完全倒裝up,down,out,in,away,off等表示地點(diǎn)方位的副詞或there,here,now,then等置于句首時(shí)，若主語是名詞用全部倒裝，若主語是人稱代詞，則不倒裝①Herearesomeregisteredlettersforyou.②Incameamanwithawhitebeard.③Herehecomes.表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語置于句首時(shí)，且謂語動(dòng)詞為be,lie,live,sit,hang,remain,stand,exist等表示“存在”的不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)①Ontopofthemountainstandsanancienttemple.②Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.③InalecturehallofauniversityinEnglandsitsaprofessor.主、系、表結(jié)構(gòu)中的表語置于句首時(shí)①PresentatthemeetingwereMrLiandmanyotherofficers.②Gonearethedayswhenweusedtheforeignoil.三省略句四插入語插入語通常與句中其他成分沒有語法上的關(guān)系，多用逗號與句子隔開，用來表示說話者對句子所表達(dá)意思的情感或看法，對句子表達(dá)起修飾、強(qiáng)調(diào)、緩和語氣等作用。插入語可能是一個(gè)詞、一個(gè)短語或一個(gè)句子。駕馭插入語不僅有助于正確理解句意，敏捷運(yùn)用插入語，在書面表達(dá)中還能提高作文的得分。1．常用作插入語的副詞indeed的確，surely無疑，however然而，obviously明顯，frankly坦率地，naturally自然而然地，fortunately幸運(yùn)地，strangely驚異地，honestly真誠地，briefly簡潔地說，luckily幸運(yùn)的是2．常見的作插入語的形容詞或其短語mostimportantofall最為重要的是worsestill更糟糕的是3．常用作插入語的介詞短語insum/short簡而言之inhis/myopinion在他/我看來inotherwords換句話說inasense在某種意義上ingeneral一般說來inmyview在我看來inconclusion總之infact事實(shí)上inaddition此外ofcourse當(dāng)然asamatteroffact事實(shí)上forinstance/example例如tomyjoy/delight/satisfaction使我興奮/滿足的是totheirsurprise/astonishment/amazement令他們驚異的是toherregret/disappointment令她缺憾/悲觀的是4．常用作插入語的分詞短語strictlyspeaking嚴(yán)格地說generallyspeaking一般來說judgingfrom...依據(jù)……推斷5．常用作插入語的不定式短語tobesure無疑地tosumup概括地說tobefrank坦率地說totellthetruth醇厚說tostartwith首先Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·山東省德州市武城縣二中月考)Notuntilheretiredfromteachingtwoyearsago________heconsiderhavingaholidayabroad.答案：did句意：直到他兩年前從教學(xué)崗位上退休，他才考慮去國外度假。notuntil結(jié)構(gòu)位于句首時(shí)，主句運(yùn)用部分倒裝語序，同時(shí)后面是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，依據(jù)threeyearsago推斷句子用一般過去時(shí)，答案為did。2．(2024·邢臺市高三第一次月考)Itwasthroughherstudyofcaterpillars________shediscoveredthetruthabouttheirlifecycles.答案：that句意：正是通過她對毛毛蟲的探討，她才發(fā)覺了它們生命周期的真相。此處是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“itis/was...that...”，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是throughherstudyofcaterpillars，故填that。3．Ihopeyou'llvisitChinanextmonth.If________，I'dliketobeyourtourguide.答案：soifso“假如這樣的話”，屬于省略。4．Intothedarkapartment________(walk)David，whowasquitesurprisedwheneveryoneshouted“Happybirthday！”答案：walked表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語置于句首，句子用完全倒裝。由定語從句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)可判定此處用一般過去時(shí)。5．(2024·吉林省梅河口市第五中學(xué)等校高三上學(xué)期聯(lián)考)ItwasonlywhenwetookhimtothevetsonSaturdaymorningandgothischipscanned________wefoundoutforsure.答案：that本句運(yùn)用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為“whenwetookhimtothevetsonSaturdaymorningandgothischipscanned”，故填that。6．—Youdidn'twaitforMrSmithlastnight,didyou?—No,butwedidn'tneed________.Hedidn'treturnhomeatall.答案：to作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的need后接動(dòng)詞不定式，to后省略了waitforMrSmith以避開重復(fù)，省略時(shí)需保留動(dòng)詞不定式符號。故填to。7．Strange________itmightsound,hisideawasacceptedbyallthepeopleatthemeeting.答案：as/though句意：盡管他的辦法可能聽起來驚異，但會上的全部人都接受了。as構(gòu)成的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“n./adj./adv./v.＋as＋主語＋謂語”，though也可以這樣用。8．—Idon'tthinkthattheywillreachanagreementinsuchashorttime.—________doI.Itwilltaketimetofindawin-winsolution.答案：Neither/Nor句意：——我認(rèn)為他們不會在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)達(dá)成協(xié)議。——我也不這么認(rèn)為。找到一個(gè)雙贏的解決方法須要點(diǎn)時(shí)間。當(dāng)兩個(gè)不同的人對同一件事表示同樣的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，陳述其次個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)，句子可以用倒裝省略的形式，即so/neither/nor＋助動(dòng)詞＋主語。依據(jù)上文中的“Idon'tthink”可知，應(yīng)用副詞Neither/Nor。9．When________(watch)thefilminthetheatre,theaudienceburstoutlaughing.答案：watching從句主語與主句主語一樣，且從句中謂語含有be，從句省略了主語和be動(dòng)詞，其完整結(jié)構(gòu)為Whentheaudiencewerewatchingthefilminthetheatre。故填watching。10．“Anawfulaccident________，however,occurtheotherday，”theoldmanrepeated,tremblingallover.答案：did此處是對謂語動(dòng)詞occur進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，所以應(yīng)用助動(dòng)詞do的相應(yīng)形式；由“theotherday”可知，此處描述的是過去發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用do的過去式did。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Hello,LadiesandGentlemen!Presentatthemeetingistheparentsandteachersfromourschool.________________________________________________________________答案：is→are該句是倒裝句，主語是theparentsandteachers，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。2．ItwasatthattimewhenIrealizedhowimportantitwastomasteracertainskill._____________________________________________________________