BuildingIntegratedPhotovoltaics:

Apracticalhandbookforsolarbuildings'stakeholders

StatusReport2024

Developedby

Incollaborationwith

2

Developedby

SUPSI-ISAAC-BIPVResearchTeam

PaoloCorti,PierlugiBonomo,FrancescoFrontini

scuolauniversitariaprofessionaledellasvizzeraitaliana

SUPSI

TheInnovativeEnvelopeteamspecializesinenergy-efficientbuildingenvelopesandBuildingIntegratedPhotovoltaics(BIPV),servingasSwitzerland'scompe-tencecenterforBIPV(seewww.solarchitecture.chformore).Theteamfocusesonappliedresearch,devel-opingandtestingmultifunctionalphotovoltaicprod-uctsthatgeneraterenewableenergywhilefulfillingarchitecturalrolessuchassolarcontrol,thermalpro-tection,andwaterproofing.

Keyactivitiesinclude:

→Developmentanddemonstrationofinnovative,market-readyBIPVsolutions.Productvalidationandperformanceanalysisthroughtestingandmonitoringinmock-upsandrealbuildings.

→Economicanalysisandmarketstudiestofacilitatetheintegrationofsolarsystemsinbuildingprocesses.

→Creationoftrainingandstakeholderengagementformats,andsupportfordigitalmodelingintheBIMfield.TheteamcollaborateswithSUPSI'sPVLabforperformanceandsafetytests,andcontinuesworkwiththeiWinstart-up,foundedin2019,todevelopphotovoltaic-integratedwindows.Teammembersalsocontributetoeducationandplayactiverolesininternationaltechnicalcommittees.

Authoredby:

Conceptualizationandmethodology

PaoloCorti,PierluigiBonomo,FrancescoFrontini

Analysis,investigationandwriting

EdvinasBigaila,PaoloCorti,LetiziaGiusti,JulienVanOverstraeten,PhilippeMacé,AdrienVanRechem,JoseMariaVegadeSeoane

Incollaborationwith

BecquerelInstitute

JulienVanOverstraeten,PhilippeMacé,

AdrienVanRechem,JoseMariaVegadeSeoane

TheBecquerelInstituteisaprivately-ownedBelgiancompanyfoundedin2014,providingahybridserviceofhigh-qualityconsultancyandnot-for-profitresearchfocusedontheroleofsolarPVanditsecosystemintheenergyrevolution.

Thisspansthroughneighbouringfieldssuchasthebuildingandtransportationsectors,aswellaselec-tricitystorage,“green”hydrogenproductionandmore.TheBecquerelInstituteprovidesresearch,strategicadvisoryservicesandduediligencetopri-vatecompaniesaswellastopublicandinstitutionalorganizations.ItsinternalteamofresearchersandconsultantsprovidesadvisoryexcellencethankstoitsextensiveexperienceinthePVandenergysec-tors,completedbypartnersandexternalconsult-antsfromaroundtheglobe.Together,theyempowercompaniesandorganisationstoembracetheenergyrevolution.

Reviewandediting:

PaoloCorti,EdvinasBigaila,PierluigiBonomo,GretaBattaglia

Withthesupportof:

MC20

3

Preface

“WhenIamworkingonaproblem,Ineverthinkaboutbeauty...

butwhenIhavefinished,ifthesolutionisnotbeautiful,Iknowitiswrong.”R.BuckminsterFuller

LegislativeframeworksliketheRenovationWaveStrategyandtheEUSolarStrategyhighlightEurope’scommitmenttoacceleratingthedeploymentofsolarenergyinthebuiltenvironment.Theseinitiativesaimtocreatemillionsofjobs,increaserenovationrates,andsupportindustrial-scalemanufacturingofsolartechnologies,allwhilepromotingphotovoltaics(PV)asanintegralpartofbuildingdesigns.By2030,Europeenvisionstherenovationof35millionbuildings,withBuilding-IntegratedPhotovoltaics(BIPV)playingacentralroleinachievingtheseambitioustargets.BIPVtechnologies,withtheirdualroleasbothconstructionproductsandenergygenerators,arepoisedtobecomeaflagshipforEuropeanindustry.Theconstructionsector,deeplyrootedinlocaltraditions,isatapivotalmomentoftransformation.Whilehistoricallygroundedinregionalpractices,theevolvingdemandsofsustainabilityandrefurbishmentaredrivingtheneedforinnovation.ForEurope’sconstructionindustry,BIPVoffersthepotentialtoenhancethesector'scompetitivenesswhilealigningwithEurope’sclimateandrenovationgoals.

RealizingthispotentialacrossEuroperequiresscalingupproduction,buildingcapacity,andfosteringthedevelopmentofanintegratedBIPVvaluechain.Establishinguniformcertificationstandards,alongsideenhancedprofessionaltraining,willensurealsothatBIPVcanbedeployedwidelyandeffectively.

Toachievethis,Europemustfocusonthreekeypriorities:scalingupBIPVcapacity,establishingaresilientEUvaluechain,andtraininganewgenerationofskilledprofessionalstodrivethistransition.Withtherightsupport,BIPVhasthepotentialtobecomethemainstreamconstructionmaterialofthefuture,contributingtoasustainableandcompetitivemarket.

However,tosucceed,theintegrationmustmaintainstronglinkstoestablishedconstructionmethodsandensureproductcustomizationthatmeetsbothlocalandEuropeanstandards.

Fordecades,theEuropeanmarkethasfacedincreasingcompetitionfromglobalplayers.Inresponse,BIPVprovidesapathtoreinforceEurope’sindustrybyfosteringdemandforinnovativesolutions,creatingnewhighlyspecializedprofessionsandindustry,andintroducingnovelskillsacrossthesector.Withtherecentlegislativeshift,includingtheadoptionoftheEUSolarStandardandambitiousstrategiessuchasREPowerEU,thestageissetforBIPVtoevolvefromanichetechnologytoacornerstoneofmodernconstruction.

The‘BIPVStatusReport2024’exploresthesedevelopmentsthroughthreechapters:

→Chapter1offersananalysisoftheBIPVmarketdynamicsacrossEuropeandSwitzerland,supportedbyrealcasestudies.

→Chapter2assesseshowBIPVsolutionsareperceivedbytheconstructionindustry,drawinginsightsfromstakeholdersacrossregions.

→Chapter3focusesonmappingtherolesofkeyplayers,emphasizingtheinterdisciplinarycollaborationneededtointegrateBIPVintoexistingconstructionworkflows.

The‘BIPVStatusReport2024’aimstoprovideactionableinsightsandguidanceforstakeholdersacrosstheindustry,fromarchitectsandengineerstopolicymakersandend-users.Throughreal-worlddataandcasestudies,itseekstofacilitatetheintegrationofPVintoEurope’sconstructionsector,fosteringinnovationandensuringEuroperemainsattheforefrontoftheglobalgreentransition.

Solarinstallationsarebecomingmandatoryfornewandrenovatedbuildings,butthisaloneisinsufficient.Thetransitionmustbeprimarilycultural,shiftingtheperceptionofPVfrommerelyanadd-onenergysolutiontoafundamental,aestheticelementofbuildingarchitecture.Sustainabilitymustbeaproject,notadestiny!

Tableofcontents

BIPVmarketstatusanddynamics7

Europeanmarket

8

MarketHistory

8

MarketForecast

10

20yearsofBIPVinSwitzerland

12

Technologicalsystems

16

End-userprice

18

End-userpriceofphotovoltaiccladding

18

End-userpriceofphotovoltaictechnologicalsystems

19

Industryandproducts

24

EuropeanBIPVmanufacturersdatabase

30

Casestudyanalysis:VeterinaryHospitalLaTrinità,Cadempino,Switzerland

32

Requirementsfromconstructionsector

37

RequirementsforBIPVproducts

40

Requirementsforproviders

43

Keydriversinaproject

45

Casestudyanalysis:Portalen,Dammen,Norway

46

Playersandvaluechain

50

BIPVconstructionprocess

51

Stakeholdersclassification

52

BIPVvaluechain

56

Discontinuousroof

56

Rainscreen

58

Externalintegrateddevices

60

Casestudyanalysis:ResidentialHouse,Grono,Switzerland

62

Casestudyanalysis:UCAVTechnologyCenter,ávila,Spain

66

Conclusions

70

References

72

Acknowledgements73

BIPVMARKETSTATUSANDDYNAMICS

Despitethepromisingpotentialofvariousmarketstudies,questionspersistastowhyphotovoltaicsinarchitectureremainslargelyconfinedtoannexsystems.Integratedphotovoltaicsolutionshaveyettoachievethevolumesthatwerequantified,hopedfor,andattimes,overstatedinpastyears(REF1).TodayEurope,inparticular,ishometoover90BIPVmanufacturersandproducts,benefitingfrommorethan20yearsofexperienceandindustrialcompetitivenessthatrivalsotherregionsoftheworld.ThisstrongfoundationpositionstheBIPVsectorforcontinuedgrowth,evenifcurrentmarketperformanceisbelowpredictions,ranging22%-48%undertheprojectionsmadeinthe2020BIPVStatusReport(REF2).Nonetheless,thesector’spotentialisvast,andthelessonslearnedthusfarwillundoubtedlyfuelfurtherinnovationandadoptioninthecomingyears.

Ontheonehand,thereislimitedawarenessamongdecision-makersinthebuildingprocess.Ontheotherhand,althoughthemarketofferhasexpandedinrecentyears,intermsoftechnologyandproductvariety,ithasnotyetachievedasocialacceptance.Thisreluctanceispartlyduetotheperceivedhighcosts,whichareoftennotyetseenasjustifyingtheassociatedrisks.

TounderstandhowtheBIPVmarkethasevolved,whichmarketsarethemostvirtuous,toquantifythecurrentend-userpriceofactivecladdingandtechnologicalsystems,aswellastoidentifystakeholdersintheEuropeanlandscape,amulti-sectoralmarketanalysisisprovidedinthefollowingsectionswithafocusontheSwissBIPVmarket.

ThisanalysisiscontinuingtheworkconductedinpastresearchpublicationssuchasBIPVBOOST,aHorizonEuropeprojectfocusingonBIPV(REF3),andisbasedinpartondatacollectedthroughtheTask1ofIEA-PVPS,gatheredintheTrendsinPVapplicationsreport(REF4).

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Europeanmarket

QuantifiedestimationsofpastandfutureBIPVmarketdeploymentinEuropearepresentedinthissection.First,ahistoricalreviewofthemarketevolutionbetween2015and2023isprovided.Abreakdownofthemajormarketcountriesfortheyear2023isaddedtoprovideinsightintothe

dynamicsoftheEuropeanBIPVmarket.Then,short-termforecastsfortheevolutionoftheEuropeanBIPVmarketareoutlinedusingthreedevelopmentscenariosuntil2028.Thisiscompletedbyananalysisofthepossiblemainmarketcountriesin2028.

MarketHistory

ThedatapresentedhereisbasedonananalysisofnationalPVmarketdatabases,whoselevelofavailabilityandprecisionwidelyvaries.Inaddition,countriesusedifferentcapacitythresholdsforthecategoriesofdistributedPVinstallation,aswellasdifferentcriteriaforthedefinitionofBIPV.Thiscomplexifiestheanalysis,andinsomecasesnodistinctionofsegmentsorintegrationlevelismadeatall.Therefore,thisquantitativeanalysisiscompletedbyaqualitativeanalysis.ThelatterconsistsininventoryingBIPVprojectsandconductingdiscussionswithPVassociations,experts,regulatorsorothermarketandindustrystakeholderstogatherinsightsontheirlocalmarkets.Bycross-checkingthesedatasources,applyingacriticalanalysisandmakingsoundassumptionswhennecessary,wecanprovidenumberswithanacceptabledegreeofuncertainty.Still,weadviseusingtheseestimationswithcautionandconsiderthemforwhattheyare:

atooltodescribeandunderstandthemeta-trendsongoingontheEuropeanBIPVmarket.

Theyear2015markedtheendofablossomingperiodforBIPVinEuropethatstartedaround2010.Thisboomwasmainlytheresultofaprivilegedpoliticalsupportthroughadvantageousincentivesinseveralcountries,mostnotablyFranceandItaly.By2017,mostofthesetargetedsupportschemeshadbeendiscontinuedormergedintolargerincentives,includingregularrooftopPV,alsoknownasBAPV(buildingattachedPV).Asaresult,theEuropeanBIPVmarketdeclineduntil2018,whentheannualinstalledcapacityisestimatedtohavefallenunder150MWp.However,themarketpickedupfrom2019,helpedbySwitzerland,NetherlandsandGermany,whereacombinationofincentivesandageneralpositiveperceptionofBIPVensuredasolidgrowth.OthercountriessuchasFrance,whichremainedthebiggestmarketdespitethechangeinsupportschemes,have

Annualinstalledcapacity(MWP)

Fig.1:BIPVmarkethistoryinEurope(coveringEU27+CH+NO+UK).Source:BecquerelInstitute.

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alsoshowedsteadygrowthintheyears2020andonwards.

ThisisalsoduetothegeneraldropinpricesofPVcellsandmodules(sharplyaccentuatedin2023),explainedbytherapidgrowthofthePVindustryinrecentyears.ThewarinUkraine,theresultingenergycrisisandtheensuingpoliticalwillingnesstopushforrenewableshasalsocontributedtoanexceptionalyearforPVinEuropein2023.Theannualinstalledcapacityin2023forBIPVculminatedatmorethan300MWp,whichrepresentedaround0.5%ofthetotalPVmarketinEuropein2023.

France’sdistributedPVmarketgrowthin2023hasbeennotable,drivenbytheresidentialandcommercialsectors.BIPVhasbeenhistoricallyomnipresentintheFrenchresidentialsector,beingtargetedbyadvantageoussupportschemesspringingahugeuptakeofBIPVsolutions.ItisworthnotingthattheFrenchdefinitionforBIPVinthesupportschemeshasincludedBAPVsolutionsduringacertainperiod,increasingthenumberofinstallationsbenefitingfromthesupportschemes.(REF3)(REF5).Theseschemeshavebeensloweddownandthendiscontinuedby2018.However,theFrenchBIPVmarkethasstillthriveddespitethechangeinsupportschemes.Currently,BIPVmakesupmorethan3%oftheFrenchdistributedmarket.Asaresult,FranceisthebiggestmarketforBIPVinEuropeatpresentwitharound86MWpinstalledin2023.

Austria’sPVmarkethasexperiencedanexceptionalgrowthin2023,morethandoublingitsannualinstallationsfrom1GWpin2022toaround2,6GWp.Thisgrowthhasbeenlargelydrivenbythedistributedmarket,whichaccountsforalmost90%ofannualinstallations.Supportschemeshaveplayedasignificantrole,withBIPVprojectsbenefitingfromgreatersupport.Asaresult,around65MWpofBIPVisestimatedtohavebeeninstalledin2023,representingjustunder3%oftheAustrianannualdistributedPVmarket.

SwitzerlandhashadanimpressivedevelopmentofBIPVovertheyearsconsideringitsrelativesizetocountriessuchasFrance.Since2018,bothBIPVandattachedPVsystemshaveexperiencedconsistentannualgrowth.CurrentincentivesforBIPVandtheincreaseofelectricitytariffsexplainthesignificanceoftheSwissmarket,whichhasreachedmorethan60MWpofinstalledcapacityin2023.

GermanyhasalsotraditionallybeenoneofthemainmarketsforBIPVinEurope,helpedbyasoliddistributedPVmarket,whichhasseenatremendousrisein2023,reaching10GWp.AlthoughtheBIPVmarketitselfisnotexpectedtofollowthesameexponentialgrowthasthewholePVmarket,itisexpectedtohavegrownsteadilyovertheyears,reachingbetween30and40MWpin2023.

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5

6

1

7

8

9

10

11

1.France(86MWp)

2.Austria(65MWp)

3.Switzerland(62MWp)

4.Germany(37MWp)

5.RestofEurope(15MWp)

6.Netherlands(12MWp)

7.Italy(9MWp)

8.Belgium(9MWp)

9.Spain(9MWp)

10.UK(6MWp)

11.Poland(4MWp)

Fig.2:BreakdownofthemainBIPVmarketsinEuropein2023.Source:BecquerelInstitute.

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NetherlandshasseenarapidgrowthoftheBIPVmarketaround2019,boastingoneofthebiggestmarketsforBIPVinEuropeatthetime.However,inthefollowingyearstheDutchmarkethassloweddown,partlyduetothepublicreputationofBIPVbeingaffectedbysafetyincidents.Now,thetrustofthepublicopinionisbeingrebuiltandthemarketisexpectedtostartgrowingagain,ataslowerbuthealthierpace,notrelyingsolelyonincentives.Between10and20MWpareestimatedtohavebeeninstalledin2023.

Italy’stotalPVmarkethascaughtupwithFranceandNetherlands,havinginstalledover5,2GWpin2023,withmorethan4GWpattributedtodistributedPV.SimilarlyasFrance,itistheresidentialsectorthataccountsforabigpartofthisgrowth.TheshareofBIPVisexpectedtobelessthan1%ofthedistributedmarket.Whereasithistoricallyhasbeenhigherduetospecificsupportschemes,themarketisnowexpectedtogrowsteadily,butataslowerpacecomparedtothetotalPVmarket,whichhadanexceptionalgrowthin2023.

Spain’sPVmarkethashistoricallybeendrivenbycentralizedinstallations,althoughmorethan1GWpofdistributedPVisinstalledannuallysince2021,abigpartofitattributabletotheindustrialsector,withinstallationsofmorethan250kWp.WhileitislikelythatonlyaverysmallpartoftheindustrialsectorusesBIPVsystems,around1%ofresidentialandcommercialPVsystemsisestimatedtobeBIPV.Thisaccountsforanannualmarketestimatedataround10MWp.

Belgium’sBIPVmarkethasbeenfuelledbyincentivestargetedatBIPVinthepast,althoughvaryingamongstregions(nowbeingmostlydiscontinued).Today,around1%ofthedistributedmarketisattributabletoBIPV.2023hasseentheannualBelgianPVmarketdouble,mainlyduetotheclosureofaregionalPVsupportscheme,resultinginasignificantgrowthinthedistributedPVsegment.Whilethatpeakisexpectedtobeexceptional,theBIPVmarketisnonethelessestimatedtohavegrownaswellin2023,althoughtoalesserextent.

TheUnitedKingdom’sPVmarkethasbeendisruptedbythecessationofsupportschemes,leadingtoadropoffininstallationsfrom2015onwards,goingfromover4GWpofannualPVmarketin2015toamere0,3GWpin2020.Ithassincebeenslowlygrowingagain,mostprobablyduetothedropinpriceofPVmodules.Amidstthischangingmarket,BIPVisestimatedtohavefollowedthesamegeneraltrend,accountingforunder1%ofdistributedinstallations.PolandhashadatremendousgrowthinrecentyearsintermsofPVinstallations,goingfromacumulativeinstalledcapacityofjustover1GWpin2019,to17GWpin2023,withanannualmarketofaround5GWp.Mostofthisgrowthhascomefromthedistributedsegment.WhileBIPVisnotknowntohavebeenabigpartofthisgrowth,around0,1%ofthedistributedmarketisestimatedtobeattributabletoBIPV.Recently,however,gridcongestionissueshavehinderedthegrowthofPVingeneral.

MarketForecast

Havinganalysedpasttrends,itisalsovaluabletoexplorefuturepathways.ForecastingtheevolutionoftheBIPVmarketisnoeasytask.Indeed,itisdependentonconstraintsandforcesatplaywithinboththePVsectorandtheconstructionsector.Moreover,theseconstraintscanbeofmultiplenatures.Onecanmentiontheregulatoryenvironmentsandtheirlikelyevolution.Butotherfactorscanbehighlyinfluentialaswell,suchasthecharacteristicsofthebuildingstock,thematurityoftheBIPVsectorortheavailabilityofskilledworkforce.Theyear2023hasseenoutstandinginstalledPVcapacityinmanycountries.However,itisexpectedthatnotallmarketswillcontinuegrowingatthisexceptionalpace.Forexample,asalreadymentioned,recentgridcongestionissueshavehinderedPV

growthinfewcountries(suchasPolandandtheNetherlands).Toaccountforthisuncertainty,theforecastedannualBIPVmarketvaluesarepresentedwithahighandlowscenario,representedbyanerrorbarinthegraph.Shorttermforecastsarepresentedforthenextfiveyears,upto2028.TheestimatedmarketbreakdownbetweencountriesisshowninFig.4.

Overall,asteady,lastinggrowthoftheEuropeanBIPVmarketisforeseen,whichispromising.ThegrowthoftheglobalPVmarketisbenefitingBIPV,whichisexpectedtofollowthisgrowthalbeitatalowerscale.Moreimportantly,thisgrowthisexpectedtobehealthierthanthestrongdevelopmentthatoccurredoveradecadeago,asBIPVdeploymentshouldbeprimarilyledbytheintrinsicattractiveness

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250

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l50

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Year

Annualinstalledcapacity(MWp)

Fig.3:ShorttermBIPVmarketforecastinEurope(coveringEU27+CH+NO+UK).Source:BecquerelInstitute.

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1.Switzerland(96MWp)

2.France(76MWp)

3.Austria(55MWp)

4.Germany(47MWp)

5.Netherlands(23MWp)

6.Spain(19MWp)

7.Italy(18MWp)

8.RestofEurope(18MWp)

9.UK(8MWp)

10.Belgium(7MWp)

11.Poland(4MWp)

Fig.4:BreakdownoftheforecastedmainBIPVmarketsinEuropein2028.Source:BecquerelInstitute.

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ofthesolutionsratherthanfinancialincentivesfromsupportschemes.Despitethegrowthin2023,notallmarketsareexpectedtofollowthisdynamicinthecomingyears.Toaccountforthisuncertainty,twoscenarios(“l(fā)ow”and“high”)havebeendrawnoutandarerepresentedwithanerrorbarinthegraph,whilethemainbarchartistheestimatedmostlikelypositionofthemarket.The“l(fā)ow”scenariosconsidersthatcountrieswithahistoricalBIPVmarket,butwhichhavestruggledinrecentyears,suchastheNetherlandsandtheUnitedKingdom,willcontinuetoevolveataslowpace,takingsometimetorecovertheirpastannualmarketvalues.Overall,morecountriescouldstarttofacegridaccessandmanagementissuesduetotherapiddevelopmentofrenewables,haltingtheprogressionoftheBIPVandPVmarket.ThiscouldslowdownthestridesmadebysomeemergingmarketssuchasPoland,whichhasbeensubjecttothoseissues.Inthisscenario,marketswithahistoricallysmallshareofdistributedPV(comparedtothetotalPVinstallations)suchasSpain,arenotconsideredtoexperienceariseintheirdevelopmentpaceforBIPV.Finally,althoughthemarketislessreliantonincentives,changesintheregulationcouldstillnegativelyimpactit.

Ontheotherhand,althoughtheinertiaofthebuildingandconstructionsectorishigh,andcompetinginvestmentstrategiesstillprovetobemorecost-efficientinmanysituations,NZEBregulationscouldprovideapushforBIPVsolutionsacrossEurope.Inthe“high”scenario,countrieswhereBIPViscurrentlystruggling,suchastheNetherlands,areexpectedtorecoverandgrowagaintoreachtheirpreviouslevels.CountrieswithcurrentlylowBIPVpenetrationratesareexpectedtoseegrowthinthisscenario.ThismayresultfromtherecognitionofBIPV’sintrinsicadvantagesandthedecreasingcostofPVmodules,whichcouldmakenewbusinessmodelsmoreviableandsustainable.Furthermore,thedevelopmentofstoragesolutionscouldhelplimitgridmanagementissues.Finally,thenextyearsmightseeapoliticalpushforPV,withcountriestakingactiontoreachtheir2030targets.ThiscouldalsobenefittheBIPVmarket.

CountriessuchasFrance,Switzerland,Germany,Austria,theNetherlands,SpainandItalyareexpectedtobeleadingthemarketpenetrationofBIPVinEuropein2028.

20yearsofBIPVinSwitzerland

AccordingtotheEuropeanmarketanalysis,Switzerlandemergesasoneofthemostpromisingmarketsforthedevelopmentofsolararchitectures.Asshowninthepreviouschapter,in2023,theBIPVinstalledcapacityreachedmorethan60MWp,higherthanGermany,Netherlands,ItalyandSpainforexample.TheaccurateSwissdatabaseofrealBIPVinstallationscollectedbyPronovo(novo.ch),providesareliableoverviewofthemarketinthecountry,whichispresentedinthefollowingchapter.

Morethan200'000photovoltaicinstallations,eitherattachedtoorintegratedintobuildings,weresampledbetween2005and2023.ThedatareferspecificallytoPVsystemsthatappliedforsubsidiesfromPronovo.ThissuggeststhatevenmorePVsystemsmayhavebeeninstalledinSwitzerland,bothintegratedintoorattachedtothebuiltenvironment.

ItisimportanttonotethatthecollecteddataexclusivelyconcernPVsystemsthatarebuilding-integratedorattached,anddonotincludeground-mountedoroff-gridsystems.Fromaninitialanalysis,thecumulativeandannualinstalledcapacityofthetwodifferentsystemscanbededuced,asshowninFig.1andFig.2respectively.TheinstalledcapacityofBIPVinSwitzerlandincreasedatacompoundannualgrowthrate(CAGR)ofapproximately41%between2006and2023,andatanall-timepositiveCAGRofaround13%between2018and2023.Meanwhile,theinstalledcapacityofattachedphotovoltaicsystemsgrewataCAGRofroughly48%from2006to2023,withaconstantpositiveCAGRofabout40%from2018to2023.Since2018,bothBIPVandattachedPVsystemshaveexperiencedconsistentannualgrowth.

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Fig.1:Annualcumulativeinstalledcapacityofattachedandintegratedsystems.Source:SUPSI.

Fig.2:Annualinstalledcapacityofattachedandintegratedsystems.Source:SUPSI.

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Numberofinstallations

Installedcapacity

30%

25%

20%

l5%

l0%

5%

shareofintegratedsystemsinthesolarmarket

Fig.3:Annualmarketshareofintegratedsystemsinthebuildingphotovoltai