2022-2024年三年高考1年模擬真題分類匯編

專題11閱讀理解記敘文

細(xì)節(jié)理解題詞義猜測(cè)題主旨大意題推理判斷題

年份卷別三年（33考）三年（4考）三年（8考）三年（22考）

新高考I卷211

新高考II卷31

2024

浙江卷1月31

新高考I卷22

新高考II卷112

全國甲卷211

2023

全國乙卷13

天津第一次311

天津第二次311

浙江卷1月12

新高考II卷31

全國甲卷211

全國乙卷22

北京卷3

2022

天津第一次212

浙江卷1月12

浙江卷6月12

分析近年高考真題可知，記敘文以寫人和敘事為主，命題的順序一般會(huì)按照文章的脈絡(luò)和故事的

命題發(fā)展順序?qū)訉油啤?/p>

趨勢(shì)記敘文從命題形式上看，常見的有細(xì)節(jié)理解題、詞義猜詞題、主旨大意題、推理判斷題、作者態(tài)

度意圖題，其中，細(xì)節(jié)理解題最多，其次是推理判斷題。

等。

窗面◎繪。周游港施

精準(zhǔn)練01新高考卷

1.（2024年新高考I卷高考真題B篇記敘文）“Iamnotcrazy,“saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafter

performingacupuncture（針灸）onarabbit.t4IamaheadofmyIfheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbe

becauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe'llhave

thelastlaugh.He'soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians（獸醫(yī)）nowpracticing“holistic”

medicine-combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic（按摩療法）andherbal

medicine.

Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecame

interestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetried

muscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwas

amazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkon

hispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.

LeighTindale'sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,she

waspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber?streatmentseasedherdog'ssufferingsomuchthatshewasableto

keephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,"movesmore

easilyandridesmorecomfbrtably^^afterachiropracticadjustment.

Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,

hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrown

from30toover700."Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,“hesays."Iwilldoanythingtohelpan

animal.Thafsmyjob.^^

24.WhatdosomeofFarber9scoworkersthinkofhim?

A.He'sodd.B.He'sstrict.C.He'sbrave.D.He'srude.

25.WhydidFarberdecidetotryacupunctureonpets?

A.Hewastrainedinitatuniversity.B.Hewasinspiredbyanotherveterinarian.

C.Hebenefitedfromitasapatient.D.Hewantedtosavemoneyforpetowners.

26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians9work.

C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.

27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation?

A.ToproveFarber'spoint.B.Toemphasizeitsimportance.

C.Topraiseveterinarians.D.Toadvocateanimalprotection.

【答案】24.A25.C26.D27.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章講述獸醫(yī)威廉?法伯(WilliamFarber)博士在從針灸中受益后，將綜合醫(yī)療應(yīng)用

于動(dòng)物，并取得了初步成效。

【24題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的"Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkers

occasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.(如果他看起來有點(diǎn)自衛(wèi)，那可能是因?yàn)樗囊恍┩屡紶枙?huì)嘲笑

他不尋常的方法?！?可知，F(xiàn)arber的同事們有時(shí)會(huì)嘲笑他不尋常的方法，他們認(rèn)為他很奇怪。故選A。

【25題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthathe

improvedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,

afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.（然后，他嘗試了針灸，這是一

種古老的中國療法，并驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)過兩三次治療，他的病情有所好轉(zhuǎn)。對(duì)獸醫(yī)有效的方法似乎對(duì)他的

病人也有效。因此，在研究了這些技術(shù)幾年后，他開始把它們提供給寵物。）”可知，F(xiàn)arber作為患者從針

灸中受益，這促使他決定嘗試在寵物上使用針灸。故選C。

【26題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“LeighTindale9sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehada

heartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber9streatmentseasedherdog'ssuffering

somuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthather

horse,Nappy,<4movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably^^afterachiropracticadjustment.（利?廷代爾的狗查

理患有嚴(yán)重的心臟病。廷代爾說，查理心臟病發(fā)作后，她準(zhǔn)備讓他進(jìn)入睡眠狀態(tài)，但法伯的治療大大減輕

了她的狗的痛苦，她能夠讓它多活五個(gè)月。普里西拉?杜因（PriscillaDewing）報(bào)告說，她的馬納皮（Nappy）經(jīng)

過脊椎按摩調(diào)整后，“行動(dòng)更容易，乘車更舒服“?！?可知，本段主要講述了兩個(gè)例子，一個(gè)是Farber通過

整體醫(yī)學(xué)方法幫助了患有嚴(yán)重心臟病的狗Charlie,另一個(gè)是馬Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治療后移動(dòng)和騎行更

為舒適。這些例子都是為了說明整體醫(yī)學(xué)的有效性。故選D。

[27題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,

andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinary

MedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.（法伯確信，隨著時(shí)間的推移，綜合療法會(huì)越來越受歡迎，

如果過去有任何跡象的話，他可能是對(duì)的:自1982年以來，美國綜合獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)員已經(jīng)從30個(gè)增加到

700多個(gè)。）”可知，法伯認(rèn)為綜合療法會(huì)越來越受歡迎，隨后作者列舉了美國綜合獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)員已經(jīng)從

30個(gè)增加到700多個(gè)的例子，因此推斷美國整體獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)是為證明法伯的觀點(diǎn)。故選A。

2.（2024年新高考II卷高考真題B篇記敘文）Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgotto

bringsomethingtoread?Yes,weallhaveourphones,butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandread

somethingprinted.

Well,there5sakiosk（〃、亭）forthat.IntheSanFranciscoBayArea,atleast.

“Youenterthefaregates（檢票口）andyou'llseeakioskthatislitupandittellsyoucangetaone-minute,a

three-minute,orafive-minutestory,“saysAliciaTrost,thechiefcommunicationsofficerfortheSanFrancisco

BayAreaRapidTransit-knownasBART."Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-like

shortstory.^^

Ifsthatsimple.Ridershaveprintednearly20,000shortstoriesandpoemssincetheprogramwaslaunched

lastMarch.Someareclassicshortstories,andsomeareneworiginalworks.

Trostalsowantstointroducelocalwriterstolocalriders.C4Wewantedtodosomethingwherewedoacallto

artistsintheBayAreatosubmitstoriesforacontest,9,Trostsays."Andasofrightnow,we'vereceivedabout120

submissions.Thewinningstorieswouldgointoourkioskandthenyouwouldbeapublishedartist.^^

Ridershipontransit（交通）systemsacrossthecountryhasbeendownthepasthalfcentury,socouldshort

storiessavetransit?

Trostthinksso.

“Attheendofthedayalltransitagenciesrightnowaredoingeverythingtheycantoimprovetherider

experience.SoIabsolutelythinkwewillgetmoreridersjustbecauseofshortstories,9,shesays.

Andyou'llneverbewithoutsomethingtoread.

4.WhydidBARTstartthekioskprogram?

A.Topromotethelocalculture.B.Todiscouragephoneuse.

C.Tomeetpassengers5needs.D.Toreduceitsrunningcosts.

5.Howarethestoriescategorizedinthekiosk?

A.Bypopularity.B.Bylength.

C.Bytheme.D.Bylanguage.

6.WhathasTrostbeendoingrecently?

A.Organizingastorycontest.B.Doingasurveyofcustomers.

C.Choosingaprintpublisher.D.Conductinginterviewswithartists.

7.WhatisTrosfsopinionaboutBART'sfuture?

A.Itwillclosedown.B.Itsprofitswilldecline.

C.Itwillexpandnationwide.D.Itsridershipwillincrease.

【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要報(bào)道了舊金山灣區(qū)捷運(yùn)系統(tǒng)（BART）推出自動(dòng)售貨亭提供短篇故事打印

服務(wù)，旨在滿足乘客閱讀需求，提升出行體驗(yàn)，Trost認(rèn)為此舉措能吸引更多乘客，對(duì)BART未來持樂觀

態(tài)度，預(yù)期乘客量將會(huì)增長。

【4題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“"Youenterthefaregates（檢票口）andyou511seeakioskthatislitupandittellsyou

cangetaone-minute,athree-minute,orafive-minutestory,“saysAliciaTrost,thechiefcommunicationsofficer

fortheSanFranciscoBayAreaRapidTransit-knownasBART."Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgives

youareceipt-likeshortstory.”（舊金山灣區(qū)捷運(yùn)系統(tǒng)（BART）首席通訊官AliciaTrost表示：“你進(jìn)入檢票口，

會(huì)看到一個(gè)亮著燈的信息亭，它告訴你可以得到一分鐘、三分鐘或五分鐘的報(bào)道。你可以選擇你想要的長

度，它會(huì)給你一個(gè)類似收據(jù)的短篇故事?？芍珺ART啟動(dòng)信息亭是為了滿足乘客在乘車過程中的閱讀

需求，為他們提供不同長度的短篇故事或詩歌來打發(fā)時(shí)間。故選C項(xiàng)。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-likeshortstory.（你可以

選擇你想要的長度，它會(huì)給你一個(gè)類似收據(jù)的短篇故事）”可知，信息亭中的故事按長度分類，乘客可以根

據(jù)自己的需求選擇不同長度的故事。故選B項(xiàng)。

【6題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段"WewantedtodosomethingwherewedoacalltoartistsintheBayAreatosubmit

storiesforacontest,（我們想做一些事情，呼吁灣區(qū)的藝術(shù)家為比賽提交故事）”以及第六段“Thewinning

storieswouldgointoourkioskandthenyouwouldbeapublishedartist.（獲獎(jiǎng)故事會(huì)進(jìn)入我們的信息亭，然后

你就會(huì)成為一名出版藝術(shù)家）”可知，Trost最近在組織一個(gè)故事競賽，向?yàn)硡^(qū)的藝術(shù)家征集故事，獲勝作品

將被放入售貨亭供乘客閱讀。故選A項(xiàng)。

【7題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段""Attheendofthedayalltransitagenciesrightnowaredoingeverythingtheycan

toimprovetheriderexperience.SoIabsolutelythinkwewillgetmoreridersjustbecauseofshortstories,she

says.（她說：“歸根結(jié)底，所有的交通機(jī)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在都在盡一切努力改善乘客體驗(yàn)。所以我絕對(duì)認(rèn)為，我們會(huì)因

為短篇小說而吸引更多的乘客。"）”可知，Trost認(rèn)為通過提升乘客體驗(yàn)，包括提供短篇故事閱讀服務(wù)，BART

可以吸引更多的乘客，乘客量將會(huì)增加。故選D項(xiàng)。

3.（2024年浙江卷1月高考真題B篇記敘文）Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeanto

makeanactualphonecall-nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesagoright?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforits

intendedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconductingauditions（試演）formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhousein

London.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsover

thesofasandlitcandlestomakeit_seemabitmore“youngprofessional”.

AsIrushedoutdoorstoemptythewastepaperbaskets,thedoorswungshutbehindme.SuddenlyIwas

lockedoutside.Mymobilephonewasinside,butluckilytherewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet.So,Icalled

DirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady'smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjust

enoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.

AsithasbeenmanyyearssinceIlastusedone,Ishouldhardlybesurprisedthatthenarenolongerany

publictelephonesnearmyhouse.Thelastonestandinghasjustbeenturnintoa“minicommunitylibrary^^:any

passer-bycan“borrow“abookfromitsshelvesreturnitlater,orreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirown

collection.

Forafewmonthsafterthe“l(fā)ibrary“opened,Ididn'tbothertakingalook,asIhadassumedthatitwouldbe

stuffedfullofcheeselovestories.ThenInoticedforkconductingspringcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminous

booksonvarioussubjectsthere.Andthesebookswerefree.Thisunbeatableprice-pointencouragedmeto

experimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.AndFvediscoveredsomegreat

books!

IfIevergettrappedoutsidemyhouseagain,mylocaltelephoneboxwill,sadlynolongerbeabletoconnect

mewithmykeys.ButitcancertainlykeepmeentertainedwhileIwaitformywifetorescueme.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inthefirstparagraphreferto?

A.Theplay.B.Thesharedhouse.

C.Thesofa.D.Thetelephonebox.

5.Whydidtheauthorusethetelephoneboxin2006?

A.Toplaceanurgentcall.B.Toputupanotice.

C.Toshelterfromtherain.D.Toholdanaudition.

6.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“minicommunitylibrary”?

A.Itprovidesphoneserviceforfree.B.Anyonecancontributetoitscollection.

C.Itispopularamongyoungreaders.D.Booksmustbereturnedwithinamonth.

7.Whydidtheauthorstarttousethe"library”?

A.Hewantedtoborrowsomelovestories.

B.Hewasencouragedbyacloseneighbour.

C.Hefoundtherewereexcellentfreebooks.

D.Hethoughtitwasanidealplaceforreading.

【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。隨著手機(jī)的普及，電話亭漸漸地被人們遺忘，作者家附近的最后一個(gè)電話亭被

改造成了“迷你圖書館”，作者偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)那里有很多不錯(cuò)的免費(fèi)書籍，這讓作者覺得很棒。

【4題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第五句"Iwasconductingauditions（試演）formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhousein

London.（我當(dāng)時(shí)在倫敦我那狹小的合租房子里為我的劇本進(jìn)行試演。廠可知，此處是指使“我”的合租房看起

來更“年輕專業(yè)”一點(diǎn)，所以it代指“合租房”。故選B。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。木艮據(jù)第二段第四句"So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady^managing

agent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.（所以，我打電

話給電話查號(hào)臺(tái)，接通了女房東的經(jīng)紀(jì)人，他們給了我一把備用鑰匙，剛好來得及在演員們到來之前回去。）”

可知，作者在2006年使用電話亭是為了撥打緊急電話。故選A。

【6題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句"Thelastonestandinghasjustbeenturnintoa"minicommunitylibrary^^:any

passer-bycan“borrow“abookfromitsshelvesreturnitlater,orreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirown

collection.（最后一個(gè)被改造成了一個(gè)“迷你社區(qū)圖書館“：任何路過的人都可以從它的書架上“借”書，以后還

回來，或者用自己收藏的另一本書來替換。）“可知，任何人都可以為“迷你社區(qū)圖書館”的捐贈(zèng)圖書。故選

Bo

【7題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后四句"ThenInoticedforkconductingspringcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminous

booksonvarioussubjectsthere.Andthesebookswerefree.Thisunbeatableprice-pointencouragedmeto

experimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.AndI'vediscoveredsomegreat

books!（然后我注意到?？苏谶M(jìn)行春季大掃除，把各種主題的大書一箱箱地扔到那里。而且這些書是免費(fèi)

的。這個(gè)無與倫比的價(jià)格點(diǎn)鼓勵(lì)我嘗試許多我通常不會(huì)考慮購買的標(biāo)題。我還發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些很棒的書！廣可

知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)“迷你圖書館”里有很多免費(fèi)的很棒的書，所以開始使用。故選C。

4.（2023年新高考I卷高考真題B篇記敘文）WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoods

aroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafter

flowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderif

thisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking

questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細(xì)菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causing

chemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastetheway

naturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge（污泥）.First,he

constructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsand

streamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,these

differentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthe

sludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegan

toeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.

OvertheyearsJohnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreated

sewage（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterin

Fuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.

“Ecologicaldesign^^isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.atLifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfor

theinventor,hesays."Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhafshappening.Thenyouletthese

newsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.^^

4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.

5.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.

6.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.

C.TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.

7.WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork?

A.Naturecanrepairitself.B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.

【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了JohnTodd從小就很愛思考且好學(xué)，他建造了一個(gè)生態(tài)機(jī)器，利用

自然可以自我修復(fù)的原理來凈化污水。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第——段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,

observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthrough

plantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscould

beusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.（當(dāng)約翰?托德還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的

樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往變

得清澈。長大后，約翰開始思考這個(gè)過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂）”以及第二段“Afterstudying

agriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycan

certainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細(xì)菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?（在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了

農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌？

哪些魚類會(huì)食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)？）”可知，約翰聰穎好學(xué)、好奇心很強(qiáng)。故選C。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.（幾個(gè)星期后，約翰把污泥加了進(jìn)去）”以

及倒數(shù)第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfood

andbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.（他對(duì)結(jié)果感至U驚

訝。生態(tài)機(jī)器里的動(dòng)植物把污泥當(dāng)成了食物，開始吃起來！幾周之內(nèi)，它就被消化了，只剩下純凈水）”可

知，約翰把污泥放進(jìn)罐子里為了測(cè)試生態(tài)機(jī)器。故選D。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-like

facilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machineto

cleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.（這些年來，約翰承擔(dān)了許多重大工作。他開發(fā)了一個(gè)類

似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計(jì)了一種生態(tài)機(jī)器來清潔中國東南部

城市福州的運(yùn)河水）”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應(yīng)用。故選B。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后——段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhafshappening.Thenyoulet

thesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.（你把生物體放在新的關(guān)系中，觀察會(huì)發(fā)生什么。然后

讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復(fù)的方式）”可知，約翰工作的基礎(chǔ)是自然可以自我修復(fù)。故選A。

5.（2023年新高考II卷高考真題B篇記敘文）Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesound

liketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacher

startedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudents

developscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.

Jaramillo'sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfast

foodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.t4Thekidsliterallycometoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlarge

bottlesofsoftdrinks,“shesays."Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.

Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.

UrbanSprouts5classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,includehands-onexperimentssuchas

soiltesting,flower-and-seeddissection,tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesa

year,studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.

Programevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.4tWehavestudentswhosay

theywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey'reeatingdifferently,9,Jaramillosays.

Sheaddsthattheprogram'sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthat

theybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohavea

calmingeffectonJaramillo'sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.46Theyget

outside,shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.^^

4.WhatdoweknowaboutAbbyJaramillo?

A.Sheusedtobeahealthworker.B.Shegrewupinalow-incomefamily.

C.Sheownsafastfoodrestaurant.D.SheisaninitiatorofUrbanSprouts.

5.WhatwasaproblemfacingJaramilloatthestartoftheprogram?

A.Thekids'parentsdistrustedher.B.Studentshadlittletimeforherclasses.

C.Somekidsdislikedgardenwork.D.Therewasnospaceforschoolgardens.

6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?

A.Far-reaching.B.Predictable.

C.Short-lived.D.Unidentifiable.

7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.RescuingSchoolGardensB.ExperiencingCountryLife

C.GrowingVegetableLoversD.ChangingLocalLandscape

【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了AbbyJaramillo等老師在低收入學(xué)校發(fā)起的培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)能力，

環(huán)保意識(shí)以及健康生活方式的UrbanSprouts花園項(xiàng)目，讓學(xué)生通過體驗(yàn)鄉(xiāng)村生活，對(duì)學(xué)生影響深遠(yuǎn)。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的"Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrban

Sprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.（起初是這樣的，艾比?哈拉米洛說，她和另一位

老師在四所低收入學(xué)校啟動(dòng)了“UrbanSprouts”學(xué)?；▓@項(xiàng)目。）“可知，艾比?哈拉米洛是UrbanSprouts的發(fā)

起者。故選D。

[5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的"shesays."Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsare

awful.Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomething

new.（她說。“他們來找我們，認(rèn)為蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆蟲也很可怕。”雖然有些人一開始害怕昆蟲，

對(duì)泥土感到厭煩，但大多數(shù)人都渴望嘗試新的東西。）”可知，項(xiàng)目之初，一些學(xué)生不喜歡園藝工作。故選

C?

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Sheaddsthattheprogram'sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetso

interestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthe

gardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo'sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotional

controlissues.t4Theygetoutside,"shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful."（她補(bǔ)充說，該計(jì)劃的好處不僅僅是營養(yǎng)。

有些學(xué)生對(duì)園藝非常感興趣，他們帶回家種子開始自己的菜園。止匕外，在花園里工作似乎對(duì)Jaramillo的特

殊教育學(xué)生有鎮(zhèn)靜作用，他們中的許多人都有情緒控制問題。“他們走了出去，”她說，“他們覺得成功。

可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目不僅給學(xué)生提供了有營養(yǎng)的食物，而且許多學(xué)生回家開創(chuàng)了自己的菜園，對(duì)有情緒控制問

題的學(xué)生也起到了鎮(zhèn)靜作用，從而推知，該項(xiàng)目的影響是深遠(yuǎn)的。故選A。

【7題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的"Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrban

Sprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscience

skills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.（起初是這樣的，艾比?哈拉米洛說，她和另一位老師在

四所低收入學(xué)校啟動(dòng)了“UrbanSprouts”學(xué)校花園項(xiàng)目。該項(xiàng)目旨在幫助學(xué)生培養(yǎng)科學(xué)技能、環(huán)保意識(shí)和健

康的生活方式。）”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了AbbyJaramiHo等老師在低收入學(xué)校發(fā)起的培養(yǎng)學(xué)

生科學(xué)能力，環(huán)保意識(shí)以及健康生活方式的UrbanSprouts花園項(xiàng)目，讓學(xué)生體驗(yàn)鄉(xiāng)村生活，對(duì)學(xué)生影響深

遠(yuǎn)。因此推斷B項(xiàng)“體驗(yàn)鄉(xiāng)村生活”符合文意，最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選B。

6.（2023年浙江卷1月高考真題B篇記敘文）Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?

Chancesarethatifyou'relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadyto

jumponthatbandwagon.

IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago,asIwaslivingwithmy

parents,andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband,asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme.I've

learnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou511findencouragingifyou'redoingyourbestto

figureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.

Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.Iremembershowingmyparentsavideoof

BeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afew

dayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasfor

metocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.

Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmy

ownbedroom,soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn'tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries（洗漱用品），Iwasable

tostartpersonalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften,soIportionedouta

bitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon'tentirelymaketheswitch,but

youmayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.

Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifothers

commentonwhatyou'redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswho

arenotonboard,yourwordsprobablywon'tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.

Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction.

24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords'jumponthatbandwagon^^meaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Shareanapartmentwithyou.B.Joinyouinwhatyo