DiscoveringUsefulStructures

Unit3FoodandCultureTeachingobjectives:Inthisclass,youwillrecognizeandsummarizethemeaning,formanduseofthepastperfecttenseandthepastperfectpassivevoice;usethepastperfecttenseandthepastperfectpassivevoicetodescribeasituationthathappenedinthepast.Q1：什么是過去完成時？Q2：過去完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)？Q3：過去完成時時間狀語有哪些？Q4：隱形的過去完成時一、過去完成時過去完成時

pastperfecttense1.Whatispastperfecttense?過去完成時表示過去某個時間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或一直延續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)?！斑^去的過去”Pastperfecttenseisusedtotellanactivitydonebeforesomethinginthepast.Soitisusedinabackgroundofpast.Q1：什么是過去完成時？Bythetimethepolicemangottotheshop,thethiefhadrunaway.警察到商店時，小偷已經(jīng)逃跑了。過去現(xiàn)在將來基本定義：

過去完成時是表示過去某個時間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或一直延續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)?！斑^去的過去”理解“過去的過去”：過去過去的過去現(xiàn)在例：Thefilmhadbegunbeforewegottothecinema.我到達電影院之前電影已經(jīng)開始了。先發(fā)生的動作用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的動作用一般過去時。hadbegungot

2.StructureofpastperfecttenseHongKonghadreturned

toChinabeforeMacaocameback.①

否定句：HongKonghadn’treturned

toChinabeforeMacaocameback.②

一般疑問句：HadHongKongreturned

toChinabeforeMacaocameback?Q2：過去完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)？主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)肯定形式haddonehadbeendone否定形式hadnotdonehadnotbeendone一般疑問句had＋主語＋donehad＋主語＋beendone特殊疑問句疑問詞＋had＋主語＋done疑問詞＋had＋主語＋beendone1．表示在過去某一時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作過去完成時可以表示在過去某一時間或動作之的已完成的動作。這個過去的時間常用by介詞短語或before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句來表示，也可以從一個表示過去的動作或下文中得到提示。conclusion13.Usageofpastperfecttense①

有時間狀語before/by(theendof)+過去時間點時。e.g.Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo’clocklastnight.②

用于hope,intend,mean,plan,think等動詞表示未實現(xiàn)的愿望時。e.g.IhadintendedtovisithimyesterdaybutIwasn’tabletomakeit.2．表示動作一直持續(xù)到過去某一時間過去完成時可以表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)。主句中常含有for引出的“時間段”狀語。conclusion2③

句型It/This/Thatwas+the序數(shù)詞+time+that從句；

句型Itwas+一段時間+since從句。e.g.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadmadesuchamistake.

Itwastwoyearssincehehadlefthishometown.④

句型Hardly...when或Nosooner...than...等固定句型中。e.g.Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhenhewasinterruptedbytheaudience.3．用來表示未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或打算hope,wish,plan,want,mean,intend,attempt,supposethink，expect等表示“打算、計劃、希望、試圖、認(rèn)為”等的詞后，用過去完成時表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望、打算或意圖等。指后面不定式的動作未曾實現(xiàn)。conclusion3①WhenmyfamilyandIhadjustarrived

inChina,wewentlookingforagoodplacetoeatinBeijing.②ASichuanrestauranthadbeenrecommended

tousbyafriend,andfinally,wefoundit.觀察下面句子，說出劃線部分的結(jié)構(gòu)類型及句中功能。①劃線部分是____________________，arrive這個動作是發(fā)生在went這個動作之前，表示過去的過去。②劃線部分是____________________，recommend這個動作是發(fā)生在found這個動作之前，而且是被動動作。過去完成時的主動語態(tài)過去完成時的被動語態(tài)過去完成時被動語態(tài)

pastperfectpassivevoiceLookatthetwopairsofsentences,andpayattentiontothemeaninganduseofthewordsinred.1.Thechefhadsetupafarm-to-tablerestaurantbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.Anewfarm-to-tablerestauranthadbeensetupbythechefbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.2.TheyhadfinishedtheirdinnerbythetimeSamjoinedthem.TheirdinnerhadbeenfinishedbythetimeSamjoinedthem.MyfatheraskedmeifIhadfinishedreadingthatbook.Theladyshowedmethepicturesshehadpainted.Ibegantheworkafterhehadgone.1.在told，said，knew，heard，thought

等動詞后的賓語從句,

主句為過去時，從句動作發(fā)生在主句之前，用過去完成時。Q4：隱形的過去完成時StructureofpastperfecttensepassivevoiceActiveVoicePassiveVoice肯定haddone否定hadn’tdone疑問Had...done...?hadbeendonehadn’tbeendoneHad...beendone...?It/This/Thatwasthefirst/secondtime(that)主+haddone這是/那是某人第一/第二次/第…次做…Itwasthefirsttimeshehadlefthermotherland.Itwasthe+形容詞最高級+名詞+(that)主+haddoneItwasthemostinspiringperformance(that)Ihadwatched.[典例]1.Itwasthefirsttimeshe_________(leave)hermotherland.2.Itisthefirsttime(that)I_____________(speak)inpublic.3.This___(be)thefirsttimeIhadseenDadsofurious狂怒的.4.Itistimeforus________(pack)upandleave.5.[變]Itistimewe___________________(pack)upandleave.6.[變]ItwasthebestcoffeeI___________(taste).hadlefthavespokenwas

topackhadtastedshouldpack/packedisishashave用于一些固定句型：Translation1.下雨之前我們就去到了車站。2.我們本來打算在廣州買房，但最后只是一場夢。3.我一回到家就開始下雨。Wehadgottothestationbeforeitrained.WehadplannedtobuyahouseinGuangzhou,butitprovedtobeadream.NosoonerhadIreachedhomethanitbegantorain.肯定結(jié)構(gòu)had＋beendone否定結(jié)構(gòu)had＋not＋beendone一般疑問結(jié)構(gòu)had＋主語＋been

done特殊疑問結(jié)構(gòu)特殊疑問詞＋had＋主語＋been

done過去完成時的被動語態(tài)

：

SummaryPractice1.FindmoresentencesusingthepastperfecttenseandthepastperfectpassivevoicefromthepassageinPage26oftextbook.1)PriortocomingtoChina,myonlyexperiencewithChinesecookingwasinAmerica,withChinesefoodthathadbeenchangedtosuitAmericantastes.2)WhenmyfamilyandIhadjustarrivedinChina,wewentlookingforagoodplacetoeatinBeijing.3)ASichuanrestauranthadbeenrecommendedtousbyafriend,andfinally,wefoundit.4)Tired,hungry,andnotknowingawordofChinese,wehadnoideahowtoorder,sothechefjustbeganfillingourtablewiththebestfoodwehadevereaten.ReviewthePastPerfectTense

thePastPerfectTense

圖示解析

主動表示過去的過去發(fā)生的動作

被動hadbeendonehaddone

意義1.I___________

(eat)lotsofcakessofar.2.I_________(eat)lotsofcakestillthen.3.Tom____________

(finish)writinghisnovelbytheendoflastyear.4.Tom__________

(finish)writinghisnovelbynow.

5.Tom

(finish)writinghisnovelbytheendofthisyear.6.Tom_________(finish)writinghisnovellastyear.haveeatenhadeatenhadfinishedhasfinished

willhavefinishedfinished即學(xué)即練2.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsofthegivenwords.1)Thetickets_______________(sell)outbeforeIcametothecinema.2)Bytheendoflastyear,we_______________(produce)20,000cars.3)He____________(tell)manytimesnottobelate.4)We_________________(warn)tobecarefulofrats.5)Apowerstation_______________(set)upintheirhometown.6)Thetrain_______________(leave)beforewereachedthestation.7)100tractors__________________(produce)bytheendoflastyear.8)Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves_______________(run)away.9)Shetoldusthatthemeeting____________________(cancel).

10)Thecar_______________(drive)awaythismorning.hadbeensoldhadproducedhadbeentoldhadbeenwarnedhadbeensethadlefthadbeenproducedhadrunhadbeencanceledhadbeendrivenHardly(1)______I_____(get)upthismorningwhenIhadastrangefeelingthatitwasn'tgoingtobemyday.I(2)______________(intend)tohaveabigbreakfast,butIhadnotime.IgotupsolatethatIhadtohurrytothebusstoptocatchmybus.Unfortunately,I(3)__________(step)onabananapeelandfellonmybackside.What’sworse,bythetimeIgottothebusstop,thebus(4)____________(leave).Ihadnochoicebuttorun.ItwasthefirsttimethatI(5)__________(run)toschool.WhenIgottotheclassroom,IsuddenlyrealizedthatitwasSunday.ItistheworstdaythatI(6)___________(have)inthepastfewyears.Completethefollowingpassage.hadgothadintendedsteppedhadrunhadlefthavehadConsolidation完成句子1.

Shefoundthat______________________________________