狂犬病病毒主講老師：王利沙RabiesvirusWeifangNursingVocationalCollege濰坊護(hù)理職業(yè)學(xué)院狂犬病病毒Rabiesvirus狂犬病病毒是一種嗜神經(jīng)性病毒，主要侵犯中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，為人和動物狂犬病的病原體。Rabiesvirusisaneurotropicvirusthatmainlyinvadesthecentral

nervoussystemandisthepathogenofhumanandanimalrabies.人畜共患的自然疫源性疾病，尚無有效治療方法，一旦發(fā)病，死亡率近乎100%。Thereisnoeffectivetreatmentforzoonoticnaturalinfectiousdiseases,

andoncetheyoccur,themortalityrateisalmost100%.01生物學(xué)性狀Biologicaltraits生物學(xué)性狀Biologicaltraits形態(tài)與結(jié)構(gòu)

Morphologicalstructure呈子彈狀Bulletshaped核心為單負(fù)鏈RNAThecoreissinglenegativestrandedRNA螺旋對稱排列的蛋白質(zhì)衣殼Spiralsymmetricarrangementofproteincapsids包膜：有糖蛋白刺突

Envelope:withglycoproteinspikes病毒的宿主范圍較廣泛Thehostrangeofthevirusisrelativelywide生物學(xué)性狀Biologicaltraits形態(tài)與結(jié)構(gòu)

Morphologicalstructure內(nèi)基小體：指狂犬病毒有嗜神經(jīng)細(xì)胞性，在易感動物或人的中樞神經(jīng)細(xì)胞內(nèi)，特別是大腦海馬回錐體細(xì)胞中增殖，可在胞漿內(nèi)形成圓形或橢圓形的嗜酸性包涵體。Endoplasmicvesicle:Referstotheeosinophilicnatureofrabiesvirus,whichproliferatesinthecentralnervoussystemcellsofsusceptibleanimalsorhumans,especiallyinthepyramidalcellsofthehippocampus,andcanformroundorovaleosinophilicinclusionsinthecytoplasm.狂犬病的輔助診斷指標(biāo)。Auxiliarydiagnosticindicatorsforrabies.生物學(xué)性狀Biologicaltraits抵抗力

Resistanceability病毒抵抗力不強(qiáng)

Weakvirusresistance.對熱敏感，60℃30分鐘即可滅活。Sensitivetoheat,itcanbeinactivatedwithin30minutesat60℃.生物學(xué)性狀Biologicaltraits抵抗力

Resistanceability腦組織內(nèi)的病毒，于室溫或4℃條件下其傳染性可保持1-2周。Virusesinbraintissuecanmaintaintheirinfectivityfor1-2weeksatroomtemperatureor4℃.易被強(qiáng)酸、強(qiáng)堿、乙醇、乙醚、碘、甲醛、肥皂水等滅活。Easytobeinactivatedbystrongacids,strongbases,ethanol,

ether,iodine,formaldehyde,soapywater,etc.02致病性與免疫性PathogenicityandImmunology

致病性與免疫性PathogenicityandImmunology傳染源：病犬是其主要傳染源，其次是貓和狼。

Infectioussource:Infecteddogsarethemainsourceofinfection,followedbycatsandwolves.傳播途徑：被患病動物咬傷所致。

Transmissionroute:Causedbybitesfromdiseasedanimals

致病性與免疫性PathogenicityandImmunology潛伏期：一般為1～3月，潛伏期的長短主要取決于咬傷部位距頭部距離、傷口深度、受傷者年齡、入侵病毒數(shù)量和毒力以及宿主免疫力等。Incubationperiod:usually1-3months.Thelengthoftheincubationperiodmainlydependsonthedistancebetween

thebitesiteand

thehead,thedepthofthewound,theageoftheinjuredperson,thenumberand

virulenceof

invadingviruses,andthehost'simmunity.狂犬病病毒：對神經(jīng)組織有很強(qiáng)的親嗜性。

Rabiesvirus:hasastrongaffinityfornervetissue.致病性與免疫性PathogenicityandImmunology致病性與免疫性PathogenicityandImmunology臨床表現(xiàn)：Clinicalmanifestation:早期癥狀有頭痛、嘔吐、發(fā)熱、不安、乏力、流涎等；

Earlysymptomsincludeheadache,vomiting,fever,

restlessness,fatigue,salivation,etc;繼而表現(xiàn)為神經(jīng)興奮性增高，躁動不安、咽喉肌肉痙攣，對聲、光、風(fēng)刺激均高度敏感。

Subsequently,itmanifestsasincreasedneuralexcitability,

restlessness,spasmsinthethroatmuscles,andhighsensitivity

tosound,light,andwindstimuli.恐水是其特有的癥狀，又稱恐水癥。

Fearofwaterisauniquesymptom,alsoknownashydrophobia.03防治原則Preventionandcontrolprinciples防治原則Preventionandcontrolprinciples避免被狗貓等動物咬傷。Avoidbeingbittenbyanimalssuchasdogsandcats.傷口處理：20%肥皂水，0.1%新潔爾滅或清水反復(fù)清洗傷口，再用70%乙醇及碘酒涂擦。Woundtreatment:Washthewoundrepeatedlywith20%soapywater,0.1%chlorhexidineorclean.

防治原則Preventionandcontrolprinciples高效價(jià)抗狂犬病毒血清于傷口周圍行浸潤注射及肌注。Highlyeffectiveantirabiesvirusserumwasinfused