細(xì)菌生長繁殖的規(guī)律主講老師：王利沙ThelawsofbacterialgrowthandreproductionWeifangNursingVocationalCollege濰坊護(hù)理職業(yè)學(xué)院細(xì)菌個體的生長繁殖規(guī)律Thegrowthandreproductionpatternsofindividualbacteria

二分裂：

核質(zhì)DNA復(fù)制，細(xì)胞成分增加，

胞體增大，細(xì)胞開始分裂。

Twosplits:

NuclearcytoplasmicDNAreplicationleads

toanincreaseincellularcomponents,

enlargementofthecellbody,andinitiation

ofcelldivision.

核質(zhì)DNANucleocytoplasmicDNADNA復(fù)制

DNAreplication細(xì)胞伸長

Cellelongation形成隔膜Formadiaphragm分裂成兩個子細(xì)胞Splitintotwodaughtercells

代時：細(xì)菌分裂倍增的時間。

Generationtime:thetimewhenbacteria

divideandmultiply.

將一定數(shù)量的細(xì)菌接種于適宜的液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)，

間隔一定時間取樣檢測活菌數(shù)，繪制細(xì)菌的生長曲線。

Inoculateacertainnumberofbacteriaintoasuitableliquidculturemediumforcultivation,

take

samplesatregularintervalstodetectthenumberofviablebacteria,andplotthegrowth

curveofthebacteria.遲緩期Delayedperiod

細(xì)菌不分裂，菌數(shù)不增加，代謝活躍為細(xì)菌的分裂做準(zhǔn)備。Bacteriadonotdivide,thenumberofbacteriadoesnotincrease,andmetabolicactivitypreparesforbacterialdivision.對數(shù)期Logarithmicperiod細(xì)菌生長繁殖迅速，形態(tài)、染色性、生物活性都很典型。

Bacteriagrowandreproducerapidly,withtypicalmorphology,staining,andbiologicalactivity.穩(wěn)定期Stableperiod細(xì)菌繁殖速度下降，繁殖數(shù)和死亡數(shù)趨于平衡，產(chǎn)生芽胞和代謝產(chǎn)物。Thespeedofbacterialreproductiondecreases,andthenumberofreproductionanddeathtendstobalance,producingsporesandmetabolites.衰退期Declineperiod細(xì)菌繁殖速度變慢，死亡數(shù)>繁殖數(shù)，菌體畸變。Thespeedofbacterialreproductionslowsdown,thenumberofdeathsexceedsthenumberofreproduction,andthebacterialcellsbecomedistorted.觀察細(xì)菌的形態(tài)、代謝、遺傳性狀和測定藥物或環(huán)境因素對細(xì)菌的影響，宜采用對數(shù)生長末期的細(xì)菌；Observingthemorphology,metabolism,genetictraitsofbacteriaanddeterminingtheeffectsofdrugsorenvironmentalfactorsonbacteria,itisadvisabletousebacteriaattheendoflogarithmicgrowth.計(jì)數(shù)細(xì)菌的最大生長量，應(yīng)采用穩(wěn)定期的培養(yǎng)物。Themaximumgrowthrateofbacteriashouldbecountedusingstableculture.研究意義Researchmeaning細(xì)菌生長曲線只有在體外人工培養(yǎng)的條件下才能觀察到。Thebacterialgrowthcurvecanonlybeobservedunderartificialcultivationconditionsinvitro.注意Note在自然界或人類、動物體內(nèi)，細(xì)菌的生長繁殖情況復(fù)雜，并不存在典型的生長曲線。Thegrowthandreproductionof