Period4

UNIT4

ADVERSITYANDCOURAGE主題語境人與自我——優(yōu)秀品行課時學案單元語法講練(LearningAboutLanguage)現(xiàn)在完成進行時一、現(xiàn)在完成進行時的構成及用法1．構成：have/has＋been＋doing2．用法(1)現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作從過去某一時刻開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或離現(xiàn)在不遠的時間，其動作是否繼續(xù)下去，則由上下文而定。這個時態(tài)多用于延續(xù)性動詞，如live，learn，lie，stay，sit，wait，stand，rest，study等，并常和allthisweek，thismonth，allnight，allthemorning，recently等時間狀語以及since和for引導的時間狀語連用(與since和for連用時，動作常會繼續(xù)下去)。Ihavebeenwaitingforanhourandhestillhasn'tturnedup．我已經(jīng)等了一個小時了，可他還沒來。I'vebeenwritinglettersallthismorning．整個上午我一直在寫信。(2)有時現(xiàn)在完成進行時所表示的動作并不是一直在不停地進行，而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地重復。這時現(xiàn)在完成進行時可用于瞬間動詞。He'sbeenlearningsincelastyear．他從去年開始就一直學習。Youhavebeensayingforayearthatyouwillstudyabroad．整整一年你都在說要出國學習。(3)現(xiàn)在完成進行時在上下文清楚時也可不與時間狀語連用。這時現(xiàn)在完成進行時多指“剛才”或“近來”發(fā)生的動作，一般不再繼續(xù)，并往往含有一種直接的結果。You'vebeenworkingtoohard．你工作太辛苦了。(直接結果可能是你一定很累了。)Wehavebeenwaitingforyouforhalfanhour．我們已經(jīng)等你半個鐘頭了。(暗含人還沒到，還會繼續(xù)等。)(4)現(xiàn)在完成進行時和其他進行時態(tài)一樣，也可以帶有感情色彩。Ihavebeenwantingtomeetyouforalongtime．和你見面是我盼望已久的事。Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday．今天發(fā)生太多事了。[即時訓練1]單句語法填空①Thedollar________________(climb)steadilyallweek．②I________________(wait)foranhourandahalf．③Jim________________(phone)Jennyeverynightforthepastweek．④—Youareagreatswimmer．—Thanks．It'sbecauseI__________________(practise)alotthesedays．hasbeenclimbinghavebeenwaitinghasbeenphoninghavebeenpractising二、現(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成時強調過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結果

√強調動作的延續(xù)性√

強調動作重復√

表達生動，含有感情色彩√

說明一個事實、一種影響或結果

√Theyhavebeenwideningtheroad．(尚未完成)他們在加寬馬路。Theyhavewidenedtheroad．(已經(jīng)完成)他們加寬了馬路。Haveyoubeenmeetinghimrecently？(強調動作重復)你最近一直遇見他嗎？Haveyoumethimrecently？(表示結果)你最近遇見過他嗎？Wherehaveyoubeen？Wehavebeenlookingforyoueverywhere．(表示不滿)你到哪里去了？我們在到處找你。Wehavelookedforhim，buthaven'tfoundhim．(無感情色彩)我們找過他，但沒有找到。[即時訓練2]單句語法填空①Thenumberofmedicalschoolsreached18intheearly1990sand_____________(remain)aroundthatleveleversince．②He________________(listen)toEnglishprogramssincehecametotheUS,sohe_________(make)greatprogress．③Althoughmanymeasures_______________(take),theeconomyinthatcountryisstillgoingdown．hasremainedhasbeenlisteninghasmadehavebeentaken④Thelittleboyisdirtyfromheadtotoebecausehe________________

(play)inthemudallmorning．⑤I'msorry,butMr．Smith________(leave)forBeijing,soifyouwanttocontacthim,telephonehim．hasbeenplayinghasleft短文語境填空Mywishis1．______(go)toakeyuniversity．I2．____________________(study)formanyyears．ButIhavebeenpooratEnglishsinceI3．_____(go)tojuniorhighschool．MyEnglishteachertoldmetoinsiston4．________(listen)andwriting．I5．________________(learn)Englisheverymorningtoimproveit．BecauseI6．__________(waste)alotoftime,itwashardtocatchupwithotherstudents．

Aftertogohavebeenstudyingwentlisteninghavebeenlearninghavewasted7．______(go)tohighschool,I8．________________(stay)uplateintothenightand9．________________(get)upearlyinthemorning．I10．_________________(write)twocompositionseveryday．IthinkIshouldsparenoefforttoimprovemyEnglishandachievemydream．goinghavebeenstayinghavebeengettinghavebeenwriting①Whatif...？如果……將會怎樣？②delayv．延期；(使)耽擱；推遲③Thereis/wasnothinglike什么也比不上④cheersb．up使某人振作起來⑤regularadj．有規(guī)律的regulationn．章程；規(guī)章制度課下預習第二篇課文(UsingLanguage)⑥makefire生火⑦fatn．脂肪；肥肉⑧giveoff放出(熱、光、氣味或氣體)⑨starvevi．&vt．使餓死；使挨餓⑩chefn．廚師?varyv．變更；改變variationn．變化；變體；變奏曲?disciplinen．自制力；紀律；學科vt．自我控制；管教；處罰?optimisticadj．樂觀的；樂觀主義的beoptimisticaboutsth．對某事樂觀?dealwith處理?inapositiveandsuccessfulway以積極和成功的方式?episoden．(人生的)一段經(jīng)歷；(小說的)片段；插曲?reliefn．救濟；減輕；解除；安慰?payback償還；報答?commitmentn．承諾；保證；奉獻THEREWARDFORPERSEVERANCEWewatchedasShackletonandtheboatsailedawayfromElephantIsland．Itwaseasytoimaginethedangeraheadofthem．Wouldtheyeverreturntofindus?Whatmighthappentothem？Whatif①theyweredelayed②?Wefeltsoaloneanddesperate．Butitwasnotforlong．Therewasnothinglike③agooddinnerandsomemusictocheerusup④．Lifefellintoaregular⑤pattern．Stayingalivetookallourtimeandenergy．Forexample，weneededwater，andElephantIslandhadnone．Wefoundthatwecouldmelticefromtheoceananddrinkthewaterfromit．Buthowcouldwemakefire⑥？TherewerenotreesgrowingonAntarctica[1]andnooil，sotheonlyfuelwecouldusewasanimalfat⑦[2]．Thisgaveoff⑧oily，blacksmoke，butitstayedburningeveninstrongwinds．[1]“growingonAntarctica”為動詞-ing形式短語作定語，修飾名詞trees。[2]so連接并列句，其中“wecoulduse”為省略了that的定語從句，修飾先行詞theonlyfuel。Foodwasalsoaproblem，aswedidnotfindanyvegetablesorfruitontheisland．Oneofourgroupmembers，LionelGreenstreet，notedinhisdiaryabouthowboredhewaswiththemeals[3]：“Thefoodnowisprettywellallmeatofseacreatures．”Ifitweren'tforseaanimals，wewouldallstarve⑨．Asachef⑩，itwasmydutytocook，soItriedtovary?themealsinwhateverwayIcould[4]．Butitwasdifficult．[3]how引導賓語從句，作介詞about的賓語。[4]so連接并列句，whatever引導賓語從句，作介詞in的賓語。Wehadtobecarefulnottogooutsidetoooften，asthechangingtemperaturescouldmakeusill．Itwasalmostasdangeroustobecometoohotfromwearingtoomanyclothesastobecometoocoldfromwearingtoofew[5]．Thesweatcouldfreezeveryquickly．Manyofusalsobecameillfromtheblacksmokeoftheanimalfatweburntforourfires．Itdamagedoureyesandburntourlungs．[5]本句為“as…as…”結構。Thetwenty-twoofuslivedlikethisinthecoldforfourmonths．Ourdiscipline?andteamspiritkeptusoptimistic?andhelpedusdealwith?ourfearsinapositiveandsuccessfulway?．Wealsocelebratedourbirthdays，festivals，andeventhetimeswhenwecaughtaseaanimal．Thiswasanepisode?inmylifethatIwouldneverforget．Whenwewerefinallyrescued，wefeltsuchrelief?andjoythatmanyofuscouldnothideourtears．[6]Wewereatlastfreetogohometowarmbeds，goodfood，andthecareofourfamilyandfriends．OuroptimismandfaithinShackletonhadhelpeduspersevereinstayingalive．Andhepaidusback?byhiscommitment?tosaveusfromaslowbutpainfuldeath．[6]when引導時間狀語從句，such...that...引導結