山東省濰坊市2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題注意事項(xiàng):1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AUnderSingapore’sVaccinatedTravelFramework,alltravellersincludingSingaporecitizensandpermanentresidentsarrivingfromallcountries/regionscanenterSingaporewithoutquarantine(隔離),testingorentryapprovalsiftheymeetthefollowingrequirements:*Beachildbornonorafter1Jan.2010—childrenwhomeetthiscriteriacanenterregardlessofCOVID-19vaccinationstatus(疫苗接種狀態(tài)).*BefullyvaccinatedwithWHOEULvaccinesifbornonorbefore31Dec.2009(i.e.age13andabovebyyearofbirth)MixeddosesusingtheseWHOEULvaccines,andvaccinationwithrecoveryarealsoacceptable.*BevaccinatedagainstYellowFeverifyouhavevisitedYellowFeverhighriskcountries/regionsinAfricaandLatinAmerica—avalidYellowFevervaccinationcertificateisrequired.Travellersbornonorbefore31Dec.2009whodonotmeetthevaccinationrequirementsaboveareconsiderednon-fullyvaccinatedtravellers.Theywillbesubjecttoentryapprovals,testsandquarantine.Thisincludestravellerswho:*Aremedicallyexempted(免除)fromCOVID-19vaccination.*Tooknon-WHOEULvaccinesonly,anddidnottaketheminimumdosageofWHOEULCOVID-19vaccines.*RecoveredfromCOVID-19butdidnotcompletetheminimumdosageofWHOEULCOVID-19vaccines.Generallynon-fullyvaccinatedlongtermpassholdersandshort-termvisitorsarenotallowedtoenterSingaporeunlessinexceptionalcircumstances.Clicktheorangebuttonbelowforadetailedchecklistoftravelrequirements.1.WhocanenterSingaporewithoutentryapprovals?A.Acollegegraduateunvaccinated. B.Aten-year-oldboyfromAustralia.C.ASingaporeaninfectedwithCOVID-19. D.AbusinessmanfromAfricawithYellowFever.2.Whatwillthenon-fullyvaccinatedtravelersdotoenterSingapore?A.Getalongtermpass.B.Takenon-WHOEULvaccines.C.Havephysicalexaminationonaregularbasis.D.Provideentryapprovalsandreceivetestsandquarantine.3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Amagazine. C.Awebsite. D.Abrochure.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了新加坡的入境要求?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Beachildbornonorafter1Jan.2010—childrenwhomeetthiscriteriacanenterregardlessofCOVID-19vaccinationstatus.(2010年1月1日或之后出生的兒童——符合這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的兒童無論是否處于COVID-19疫苗接種狀態(tài)均可進(jìn)入)”和第三段的“BefullyvaccinatedwithWHOEULvaccinesifbornonorbefore31Dec.2009(i.e.age13andabovebyyearofbirth)(如在2009年12月31日或之前出生（即按出生年份劃分為13歲及以上），應(yīng)全面接種世衛(wèi)組織EUL疫苗)”可知，現(xiàn)在是2022年，2010年1月1日或之后出生的兒童就應(yīng)該是小于12歲的，因此一個(gè)來自澳大利亞的十歲男孩不需要入境許可就可以進(jìn)入新加坡。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“Travellersbornonorbefore31Dec.2009whodonotmeetthevaccinationrequirementsaboveareconsiderednon-fullyvaccinatedtravellers.Theywillbesubjecttoentryapprovals,testsandquarantine.(在2009年12月31日或之前出生的旅行者，如果沒有達(dá)到上述疫苗接種要求，將被視為未完全接種疫苗的旅行者。他們將接受入境許可、檢測和隔離)”可知，未完全接種疫苗的旅行者要提供入境許可、檢測和隔離。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Clicktheorangebuttonbelowforadetailedchecklistoftravelrequirements.(點(diǎn)擊下面的橙色按鈕查看詳細(xì)的旅行需求清單)”可知，文章可能是從網(wǎng)站上摘錄的。故選C。BLiangKaiyu,a30-year-oldengineer,losthisleftlegabovethekneeinanexplosionwhentestinghisself-builtautomaticelectronicmotorinJanuary2020.Heusedhisengineeringskillstomakehisprosthetic(假肢的)legmorecomfortableandpowerfulthanarealleg.“Ihaveexperiencedsomeawkwardmomentswhileusingtheprostheticleg,whichhasmademethinkabouthowtoupgradeit.”Liangsays,“Securitycheckswhentraveling,especiallyatairports,canbeabitproblematic:othersincludetryingonclothesinfittingrooms,shoesatshoppingmalls,andchangingfrom‘feet’toarunningbladebeforejogging.”Sincelate2020,hehasupgradedhishigh-techprosthesis.OneofthelatestupgradesistheadditionofcoloredLEDlightstohisrunningblade.Hehasbecomeanovernightinternethitonshort-videostreamingplatformsforsharinghisdesignsandupgradesonhishigh-techprostheticlegtomakeitcloseto,orevenbetterthan,arealone.Liangsays,“AlthoughChinahasmillionsofamputees(截肢患者),peoplewithaprosthesisarestillararesightonthestreet.Ihopemyvideoscanbeinspiringtopeoplestrugglingthroughtoughtimes,justlikeIhavebeenthrough.Evenasmilewillmakeitworthit.”Sincehisoptimismandcouragemadenationalheadlines,Lianghasgoneviralonsocialmedia.Onmicro-bloggingplatformSinaWeibo,hisstoryhasgainedmorethan21millionviewssofar.Manyusersrefertohimbythenickname“IronLegMan”.“Whatamazesmemostisnotyourskills,butyourconfidenceaftersuchadisaster,”anetizennamedModarensays.Toadvancefunctionalperformanceandhelpamputeesmaintainorregaintheirfreedomofmovement,Lianghasprovidedhisexperienceandsuggestionstoseveralprostheticscompanies.“Ifthereisagoodopportunity,Iwanttomakehigh-techprostheticsaccessibleandaffordabletomoreamputeesinChina,”Liangsays.4.WhatcausedLiangtoupgradehisprostheticleg?A.Hisplantorunfaster. B.Thequalityofhisprostheticleg.C.Hisenthusiasmforinnovation. D.Theinconveniencesfromhisprostheticleg.5.WhydoesLiangsharehisvideos?A.Toearnhisliving. B.Toattractmorefollowers.C.Toencouragethepeopleintrouble. D.Toshowoffhisprofessionalskills.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeLiang?A.Optimisticandconfident. B.Honestandcourageous.C.Determinedandmodest. D.Considerateandhumorous.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.B.It’snevertoolatetodowhatyoulike.C.Whatdoesn’tkillyoumakesyoustronger.D.Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了工程師梁開宇升級了自己的高科技假肢，并在短視頻平臺上分享這一切，從而一夜爆紅?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段““Ihaveexperiencedsomeawkwardmomentswhileusingtheprostheticleg,whichhasmademethinkabouthowtoupgradeit.”Liangsays,“Securitycheckswhentraveling,especiallyatairports,canbeabitproblematic:othersincludetryingonclothesinfittingrooms,shoesatshoppingmalls,andchangingfrom‘feet’toarunningbladebeforejogging.”(“在使用假肢時(shí)，我經(jīng)歷了一些尷尬的時(shí)刻，這讓我思考如何升級它?！绷赫f：“旅行時(shí)的安全檢查，尤其是在機(jī)場，可能會(huì)有一些問題：其他包括在試衣間試穿衣服，在購物中心試穿鞋子，以及在慢跑前把‘腳’換成跑步刀?！?”可知，他之所以要升級自己的假肢，是因?yàn)樗募僦o他的生活帶來諸多不便。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Liangsays,“AlthoughChinahasmillionsofamputees(截肢患者),peoplewithaprosthesisarestillararesightonthestreet.Ihopemyvideoscanbeinspiringtopeoplestrugglingthroughtoughtimes,justlikeIhavebeenthrough.Evenasmilewillmakeitworthit.”(梁說：“雖然中國有數(shù)百萬截肢者，但街上戴著假肢的人仍然很少見。我希望我的視頻能激勵(lì)那些和我一樣在艱難時(shí)期掙扎的人。即使是一個(gè)微笑也會(huì)讓它變得值得?！?”可知，他分享短視頻的目的是為了鼓舞那些處于困境的人。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Sincehisoptimismandcouragemadenationalheadlines,Lianghasgoneviralonsocialmedia.(自從他的樂觀和勇氣成為全國頭條新聞后，梁在社交媒體上走紅。)”可知，他很樂觀；再根據(jù)第四段““Whatamazesmemostisnotyourskills,butyourconfidenceaftersuchadisaster,”anetizennamedModarensays.(網(wǎng)友Modaren說：“最讓我驚訝的不是你的技能，而是你在災(zāi)難之后的自信?！?”可推斷，他是一個(gè)自信的人。綜上，故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，梁開宇由于意外而失去了膝蓋以上的左腿，并戴上了假肢，但是他并沒有被困難擊倒，反而利用自己的工程技術(shù)是自己的假肢比真腿更加舒適、有力。即，他并沒有被困難打倒，并且用自己所長使自己更強(qiáng)大。選項(xiàng)A“Twoheadsarebetterthanone.(三個(gè)臭皮匠頂一個(gè)諸葛亮。)”；選項(xiàng)B“It’snevertoolatetodowhatyoulike.(做自己喜歡的事，永遠(yuǎn)都不晚。)”；選項(xiàng)C“Whatdoesn’tkillyoumakesyoustronger.(殺不死你的，會(huì)讓你更強(qiáng)大。)”；選項(xiàng)D“Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.(千里之行，始于足下。)”。選項(xiàng)C最符合文意，故選C。CCalled“America’swolf”,theredwolfistheonlylargepredatorwhosehistoricrangeisfoundentirelywithintheUnitedStates,stretchingfromTexastoNewEngland.Buthuntinggraduallyreduceditsrange,anditwasdeclaredextinctinthewildin1980.Recoveryeffortsinthewildbeganin1987ontheAlligatorRiverNationalWildlifeRefuge.Inaground-breakingsuccessfulexperiment,eightcaptive(圈養(yǎng)的)wolveswerereleasedthisyearintoNorthCarolina,eventuallygrowingintoapopulationover100,reachingapeakofaround120wolvesin2012.ButillegalhuntingandmanagementchangesbytheFishandWildlifeServiceresultedintheirnumbersplummeting.Inthespring,conservationistscelebratedasmallbitofgoodnewswhenfourcaptive-bornpups(幼獸)wereplacedintoacaveandsuccessfullyadoptedbyawildredwolfmother.Meanwhile,anotherfouradultswerereleasedintothewild.Thepupsarethoughttobestillaliveandhealthy.Buttheadultsdidn’tgowell.Inthemonthsafterrelease,threewerestruckbycarsandkilled,andthefourthwasfatallyshotonprivateland.Toboostthepopulationafterthesedeaths,theU.S.FishandWildlifeServiceannouncedinNovemberthatitplannedtoreleasenineadultredwolvesintotheirrecoveryareathiswinter,landwithinandsurroundingtwowildlifereserves.TheServicealsorecentlyannounceditwouldwithdrawa2O18proposaltoshrink(縮小)theredwolves’protectedareainNorthCarolinaby90percent,afteralawsuitaccusedtheagencyofgoingagainsttheEndangeredSpeciesAct.RonSutherlandoftheWildlandsNetworksaysit’scrucialthattheagencyhasabandonedthiswrong-headedproposal.Andyetthesituationnowisevenmoreurgentthanitwasin2018—thisshouldlaunchtheconservationcommunityintheU.S.intocrisismodetosavethisspeciesandbringitbackfromtheextinction.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummeting”inparagraph2mean?A.Promising. B.Declining. C.Multiplying. D.Increasing.9.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?A.Thereleasedwolveslivedwell.B.Thepopulationboostedaftertherelease.C.Theredwolffacedgreaterthreatthanbefore.D.Thereleasedredwolvesstillneededprotection.10.WhatwouldtheServicedotosaveredwolves?A.Shrinktheredwolves’reserves.B.Makeaproposaltoprotecttheredwolves.C.Putsomeredwolvesinsomespecificplaces.DForcetheprotectedareaintothestateofemergency.11.Whatdoesthetextfocuson?A.Theprotectionofredwolves. B.Challengesfacedbyredwolves.C.Reasonsforredwolvesextinction. D.Therelationshipbetweenredwolvesandhumans.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了由于非法捕獵和魚類及野生動(dòng)物管理局的管理改變而使得紅狼數(shù)量急劇下降?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞的主語“illegalhuntingandmanagementchangesbytheFishandWildlifeService(非法捕獵和魚類及野生動(dòng)物管理局的管理改變)”和常識可知，非法捕獵會(huì)導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物數(shù)量的下降。選項(xiàng)A“Promising(承諾)”；選項(xiàng)B“Declining(下降)”；選項(xiàng)C“Multiplying(相乘)”；選項(xiàng)D“Increasing(增加)”。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Inthespring,conservationistscelebratedasmallbitofgoodnewswhenfourcaptive-bornpups(幼獸)wereplacedintoacaveandsuccessfullyadoptedbyawildredwolfmother.Meanwhile,anotherfouradultswerereleasedintothewild.Thepupsarethoughttobestillaliveandhealthy.Buttheadultsdidn’tgowell.Inthemonthsafterrelease,threewerestruckbycarsandkilled,andthefourthwasfatallyshotonprivateland.(今年春天，環(huán)保主義者慶祝了一個(gè)小小的好消息：四只圈養(yǎng)出生的紅狼幼崽被放進(jìn)一個(gè)洞穴，成功地被一只野生紅狼媽媽收養(yǎng)。與此同時(shí)，另外四只成年紅狼被放歸野外。這些幼崽被認(rèn)為仍然活著，健康。但成年紅狼并不順利。在釋放后的幾個(gè)月里，三頭被汽車撞死，第四頭在私人土地上被槍殺。)”可推斷，被放生野外的紅狼還需要保護(hù)。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Toboostthepopulationafterthesedeaths,theU.S.FishandWildlifeServiceannouncedinNovemberthatitplannedtoreleasenineadultredwolvesintotheirrecoveryareathiswinter,landwithinandsurroundingtwowildlifereserves.(在這些死亡事件后，為了增加紅狼的數(shù)量，美國魚類和野生動(dòng)物管理局在11月宣布，計(jì)劃在今年冬天釋放9只成年紅狼到它們的恢復(fù)區(qū)，即兩個(gè)野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)及其周圍的土地上。)”可知，該機(jī)構(gòu)計(jì)劃今年釋放一些紅狼到特定的地區(qū)。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Andyetthesituationnowisevenmoreurgentthanitwasin2018—thisshouldlaunchtheconservationcommunityintheU.S.intocrisismodetosavethisspeciesandbringitbackfromtheextinction.(然而，現(xiàn)在的情況甚至比2018年更緊迫——這應(yīng)該啟動(dòng)美國的保護(hù)社區(qū)進(jìn)入危機(jī)模式，以拯救這個(gè)物種，并使其從滅絕中恢復(fù)。)”及全文可知，文章第一段和第二段主要講了紅狼的數(shù)量減少，而之后的段落主要講述的是如何保護(hù)紅狼。所以這篇文章的重點(diǎn)是保護(hù)紅狼。故選A。DInterspecieswasonceatechnicaltermusedinsciencetodescribehowonespeciesgotalongwithanother.Nowitisawordofmoreconsequence:itarousesthenewconnectionsbetweenhumansandnon-humansthatarebeingmadepossiblebytechnology.InWaysofBeing,JamesBridle,aBritishartistandtechnologywriter,exploreswhatthismeansforunderstandingthemanynon-humanintelligencesonEarth.MrBridlemakesclearthatthreekindsofmindsarenowinteracting:human,non-humanandmachine.Usingartificialintelligence(AI),machineswillinfuturehavethecapabilitytointerpose(使介入)themselvesastranslatorsbetweenhumansandotherbiologicallifeforms.ItistruethatprofitisthemainmotiveforadvancesinAI;asyetnaturedoesnotgetmuchofalookin,andnon-humanintelligencesgounexploredoutsidezoologydepartments.Computingisasfocusedonhumansasever,evenasclimatechangeandbiodiversity-losssuggestitshoulddevotemuchgreaterattentiontootherspecies.Thefirststeptowardsaninterspeciesfuture,MrBridleargues,isshowingmoreappreciationforotherformsofintelligence.Tosomeextent,thisisalreadyhappening.Forexample,throughfilmsandotherinitiativesmanypeoplenowknowthatoctopuses(章魚)haveanadvancedandstrangeintelligence.Thenextstep,MrBridledeclares,isrecognizingthatpeopleliveina“morethanhuman”world.Otherintelligenceshavedevelopedfromacommonevolutionarybase,andtheyoverlap(重疊)inwaysthatscienceisjustbeginningtodiscover.WaysofBeingwouldhavebenefitedfromsharperediting.Yet,inmakingclearthepatience,imaginationandhumilityrequiredtobetterknowandprotectotherformsofintelligenceonEarth,hehasmadeanadmirablecontributiontothedawninginterspeciesage.12.Whichofthefollowingbestillustratestheterm“interspecies”?A.Awolfhuntsarabbit. B.Arobotdoeshousework.C.Aladywalksherdog. D.Aboyrecordsavideoforsquirrels.13.WhatdoesAIlayemphasisonnowadays?A.Biodiversity. B.Otherspecies. C.Humans. D.Climatechange.14.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thecharacteristicsofspeciesevolution.B.ExpectationsforthefuturedevelopmentofAI.C.Suggestionsonfutureexplorationofinterspecies.D.Theimportanceofappreciationforotherformsofintelligence.15.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoWaysofBeing?A.Skeptical. B.Favorable. C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.【答案】12.D13.C14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人工智能正在改變?nèi)藗兣c其他生物之間的關(guān)系?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Interspecieswasonceatechnicaltermusedinsciencetodescribehowonespeciesgotalongwithanother.Nowitisawordofmoreconsequence:itarousesthenewconnectionsbetweenhumansandnon-humansthatarebeingmadepossiblebytechnology.(物種間曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)科學(xué)術(shù)語，用來描述一個(gè)物種如何與另一個(gè)物種相處?，F(xiàn)在，它是一個(gè)更重要的詞：它喚起了人類和非人類之間的新聯(lián)系，而這種聯(lián)系正因技術(shù)而成為可能)”可知，“物種間”這個(gè)術(shù)語是指人類和非人類之間的新聯(lián)系。由此推斷，“一個(gè)男孩給松鼠錄了一段視頻”最能說明這個(gè)術(shù)語。故選D。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Computingisasfocusedonhumansasever,evenasclimatechangeandbiodiversity-losssuggestitshoulddevotemuchgreaterattentiontootherspecies.(盡管氣候變化和生物多樣性喪失表明計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)該更多地關(guān)注其他物種，但它仍然一如既往地關(guān)注人類)”可知，現(xiàn)在人工智能的重點(diǎn)是人類。故選C?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Thefirststeptowardsaninterspeciesfuture,MrBridleargues,isshowingmoreappreciationforotherformsofintelligence.(布瑞德先生認(rèn)為，邁向跨物種未來的第一步是對其他形式的智力表現(xiàn)出更多的欣賞)”可知，本段主要介紹對未來物種間探索的建議。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“WaysofBeingwouldhavebenefitedfromsharperediting.Yet,inmakingclearthepatience,imaginationandhumilityrequiredtobetterknowandprotectotherformsofintelligenceonEarth,hehasmadeanadmirablecontributiontothedawninginterspeciesage.(《存在之道》本可以從更尖銳的剪輯中獲益。然而，在闡明更好地了解和保護(hù)地球上其他形式的智能所需的耐心、想象力和謙遜方面，他為跨物種時(shí)代的到來做出了令人欽佩的貢獻(xiàn))”可推斷，作者對《存在之道》的態(tài)度是贊同的。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Worldinadish:ThegardenpathImagineaplateholdingtwostrawberries,identicalinappearance.Onecamefromthesupermarket,meaningitwasprobablyharvestedwhenitwasstillunripe,loadedontoarefrigeratedtruckanddrivenhundredsofmiles.___16___Theotherstrawberrywaspickedfromagardenminutesbeforebeingeaten.Thefirstonewillprobablytastelikeaslightlysoftcucumber,withlightberryflavorsandstrongsourtastes.Thesecondislikelytobesweetandfloral;theflavorwillstayinthemouth,asthepleasantsmellwillonthehands.___17___Theyareconvenientandavailableinthenorthernhemisphere(北半球)inFebruary.___18___Thisattitudemisunderstandstheultimateappealofgardening.Itmistakestheproductforthepurpose.Itistruethatagardencanproducepeasthatofferatasteofspringwhilefindingtomatoesintheshopscantakesometime,effortandexpense.Agarden,especiallyintheearlyyears,canalsoproducelittlebutfrustration.Beginninggardenersmayplantthewrongcropsfortheirsoil.Squirrelshaveanannoyinghabitoftakingsinglebitesofcucumbers,beansandtomatoes,thenleavingtherestonthevine(藤)torot.___19___Nomatter.___20___Thedeepestpleasure—aswithcooking,writing,bringingupchildrenoralmostanythingworthwhile—isintheworkitself.Togardenistopatiently,lovinglyanddiligentlyhelplifeflourish,inthegroundandaboveit.A.Therealjoyofgardeningisthetimespentdoingit.B.Growingyourownvegetablesensuresareliablesupply.C.Well-stockedsupermarketshelvesareavailableallweek.D.Somecolumnistslongconsideredgardeningawasteoftime.E.However,supermarketstrawberriesarenotentirelywithoutadvantages.F.Bythetimeitreachedtheplateitmayhavebeenoffthevinefortwoweeks.G.Andevenexpertgardenerscanloseaseason'sharvesttouncooperativeweather.【答案】16.F17.E18.D19.G20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了園藝的意義就是耐心地、慈愛地、勤勉地幫助生命在地上和地上蓬勃發(fā)展?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空后的“Theotherstrawberrywaspickedfromagardenminutesbeforebeingeaten.(另一個(gè)草莓是在吃之前幾分鐘從花園里摘的。)”可知，空處仍然在討論第一種草莓的來源；而上文提到第一種草莓是來自超市，在冷藏卡車?yán)锉贿\(yùn)來的。選項(xiàng)F“Bythetimeitreachedtheplateitmayhavebeenoffthevinefortwoweeks.(當(dāng)它到達(dá)盤子時(shí)，它可能已經(jīng)從藤上脫落兩周了。)”與上文內(nèi)容一致，仍然在介紹第一種被運(yùn)到超市售出的草莓。故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空后的“Theyareconvenientandavailableinthenorthernhemisphere(北半球)inFebruary.(它們在北半球的2月份是方便和可用的。)”可知，在北半球的二月份能夠獲得的草莓是第一種草莓，所以可以推測空處需要提到第一種草莓。選項(xiàng)E“However,supermarketstrawberriesarenotentirelywithoutadvantages.(然而，超市里的草莓也不是完全沒有優(yōu)勢。)”引出下文，符合文意。故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空后的“Thisattitudemisunderstandstheultimateappealofgardening.Itmistakestheproductforthepurpose.(這種態(tài)度誤解了園藝的終極吸引力。它把產(chǎn)品錯(cuò)當(dāng)成了目的。)”可知，空處需要提到一種錯(cuò)誤的看法。選項(xiàng)D“Somecolumnistslongconsideredgardeningawasteoftime.(一些專欄作家長期以來認(rèn)為園藝是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。)”引出下文，同時(shí)和下文的“thisattitude”一致。故選D?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空前的“Agarden,especiallyintheearlyyears,canalsoproducelittlebutfrustration.Beginninggardenersmayplantthewrongcropsfortheirsoil.Squirrelshaveanannoyinghabitoftakingsinglebitesofcucumbers,beansandtomatoes,thenleavingtherestonthevine(藤)torot.(一個(gè)花園，尤其是在早期的幾年里，除了挫折，也能產(chǎn)生很少的東西。初學(xué)園藝的人可能種錯(cuò)了適合自己土壤的作物。松鼠有一個(gè)討厭的習(xí)慣，就是只咬一口黃瓜、豆類和西紅柿，然后把剩下的留在藤蔓上腐爛。)”提到的都是園藝帶給人們的沮喪和挫敗感。選項(xiàng)G“Andevenexpertgardenerscanloseaseason'sharvesttouncooperativeweather.(即使是園藝專家也可能因?yàn)椴慌浜系奶鞖舛ヒ粋€(gè)季節(jié)的收成。)”同樣提到園藝人所得到的挫敗感，與上文內(nèi)容一致。故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空后的“Thedeepestpleasure—aswithcooking,writing,bringingupchildrenoralmostanythingworthwhile—isintheworkitself.(最深層次的樂趣——就像烹飪、寫作、撫養(yǎng)孩子或幾乎任何有價(jià)值的事情一樣——在于工作本身。)”可知，本段講述的是園藝真正的樂趣。選項(xiàng)A“Therealjoyofgardeningisthetimespentdoingit.(園藝的真正樂趣在于花時(shí)間做它。)”與下文內(nèi)容一致。故選A。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Myreliefstaffpersoncalledinsick,leavingmealoneawholedayinthedaytimehomelessshelter.Theshelterprovidedaplaceforthehomelesstocomeinsideandhavecoffee,andthereisa___21___:Ifyoulefttheshelter,youtookyour___22___withyou.AclientnamedMary___23___thecoffeetable,countinghercoins.Shesaid,“Iknowit’s___24___therules,butcanIleavemybagshereforfiveminutes?I’llberightback.”SinceshewastheonlypersonthereandIwastheonlyone___25___,Iagreed,___26___herthatshehadtoreturnforherbags.Truetoherword,Marycamebackwithinminutesand___27___aBurgerKingbagonthedeskinfrontofme.Shesaid,“Youcan’tbehere___28___alldayandhavenothingtoeat.”Ifelt___29___.Iknewthatto____30____hergiftwoulddeeplyembarrassher.Ialsoknewthatshehadspentthe____31____ofhermoneytobuymylunch.IaskedMarytosharethehamburgerwithme,butsherefused,____32____Ineededitmore.She____33____asItookthefirstbite.IrealizedthatinacceptinghergiftIgavehersomething—____34____thatshecouldbe____35____withwhatlittleshehad.Shehadnoidea,ofcourse,thatshegavememuchmorethanahamburgerthatday.21A.ban B.rule C.law D.contract22.A.leftovers B.application C.belongings D.coffee23.A.movedover B.tookover C.leanedover D.knockedover24.A.against B.about C.for D.within25.A.incharge B.introuble C.inconflict D.innegotiation26.A.warning B.informing C.convincing D.reminding27.A.set B.distributed C.checked D.spotted28.A.bored B.alone C.dynamic D.desperate29.A.ashamed B.puzzled C.shocked D.annoyed30.A.accept B.unwrap C.refuse D.ignore31.A.least B.last C.double D.amount32.A.insisting B.confirming C.arguing D.opposing33.A.left B.sighed C.smiled D.agreed34.A.capacity B.pride C.content D.relaxation35.A.ambitious B.reliable C.responsible D.generous【答案】21.B22.C23.C24.A25.A26.D27.A28.B29.A30.C31.B32.A33.C34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位無家可歸的人為作者買漢堡包作為午餐的故事?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：收容所為無家可歸的人提供了進(jìn)來喝咖啡的地方，而且有一條規(guī)定：如果你離開收容所，你必須帶上你的隨身物品。A.ban禁令；B.rule規(guī)則；C.law法律；D.contract合同。根據(jù)“Ifyoulefttheshelter,youtookyour___2___withyou.”和“Iknowit’s___4___therules,”可知，離開收容所，必須帶上隨身物品，是收容所的規(guī)定。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：收容所為無家可歸的人提供了進(jìn)來喝咖啡的地方，而且有一條規(guī)定：如果你離開收容所，你必須帶上你的隨身物品。A.leftovers殘余物；B.application申請；C.belongings所有物；D.coffee咖啡。根據(jù)“Iknowit’s___4___therules,butcanIleavemybagshereforfiveminutes?”可知，無家可歸的人離開收容所，必須帶上隨身物品。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：一位名叫瑪麗的顧客趴在咖啡桌上，數(shù)著她的硬幣。A.movedover挪開；B.tookover接管；C.leanedover傾身；D.knockedover撞倒。根據(jù)“countinghercoins.”可知，瑪麗趴在咖啡桌數(shù)硬幣。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：她說：“我知道這是違反規(guī)定的，但是我可以把我的包放在這里五分鐘嗎?我馬上回來?！盇.against違反；B.about關(guān)于；C.for支持；D.within在內(nèi)。根據(jù)“Theshelterprovidedaplaceforthehomelesstocomeinsideandhavecoffee,andthereisa___1___:Ifyoulefttheshelter,youtookyour___2___withyou.”可知，把包放在收容所是違反規(guī)定的。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查介詞短語詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)樗悄抢镂ㄒ坏娜?，而我是唯一的?fù)責(zé)人，我同意了，并提醒她必須回去拿她的包。A.incharge負(fù)責(zé)；B.introuble處于困境；C.inconflict有矛盾；D.innegotiation在談判中。根據(jù)“Myreliefstaffpersoncalledinsick,leavingmealoneawholedayinthedaytimehomelessshelter.”可知，因?yàn)閱T工生病請假，作者是唯一的負(fù)責(zé)人。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)樗悄抢镂ㄒ坏娜?，而我是唯一的?fù)責(zé)人，我同意了，并提醒她必須回去拿她的包。A.warning警告；B.informing通知；C.convincing信服；D.reminding提醒。根據(jù)“thatshehadtoreturnforherbags.”可知，作者提醒瑪麗必須回來拿走她的包。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：不出幾分鐘，瑪麗就回來了，把一個(gè)漢堡王包放在我面前的桌子上。A.set設(shè)置；放；B.distributed打擾；C.checked核對；D.spotted認(rèn)出。根據(jù)“onthedeskinfrontofme.”可知，瑪麗出去買了一個(gè)漢堡包放到作者的面前。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她說：“你不能整天一個(gè)人待在這里，什么都沒吃?！盇.bored無聊的；B.alone獨(dú)自一人的；C.dynamic有活力的；D.desperate絕望的。根據(jù)文章第一句“Myreliefstaffpersoncalledinsick,leavingmealoneawholedayinthedaytimehomelessshelter.”可知，作者獨(dú)自一個(gè)人在收容所。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我感到慚愧。A.ashamed感到慚愧的；B.puzzled困惑的；C.shocked震驚的；D.annoyed惱怒的。根據(jù)“Iknewthatto___10___hergiftwoulddeeplyembarrassher.Ialsoknewthatshehadspentthe___11___ofhermoneytobuymylunch.”可知，一個(gè)無家可歸的人為作者買午餐，作者感到很羞愧。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道拒絕她的禮物會(huì)讓她很難堪。A.accept接受；B.unwrap打開；C.refuse拒絕；D.ignore忽略。根據(jù)“woulddeeplyembarrassher.”可知，拒絕瑪麗的禮物，會(huì)讓她很尷尬。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我還知道她花了她最后的錢給我買午餐。A.least最??；B.last最后的人或物；C.double雙份；D.amount數(shù)量。根據(jù)“AclientnamedMary___3___thecoffeetable,countinghercoins.”可知，這是瑪麗最后的錢。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我請瑪麗和我一起吃漢堡包，但她拒絕了，堅(jiān)持要我需要多吃一點(diǎn)。A.insisting堅(jiān)持；B.confirming證實(shí)；C.arguing爭論；D.opposing反對。根據(jù)“IaskedMarytosharethehamburgerwithme,butsherefused,”可知，瑪麗拒絕與作者分享漢堡包，堅(jiān)持作者多吃一點(diǎn)。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我咬第一口時(shí)，她笑了。A.left離開；B.sighed嘆息；C.smiled微笑；D.agreed同意。根據(jù)語境和“asItookthefirstbite.”可知，瑪麗特意給作者買吃的，看到作者開始吃了，瑪麗笑了。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我意識到，在接受她的禮物時(shí)，我也給了她一些東西——她對自己能慷慨地對待自己僅有的一點(diǎn)東西感到自豪。A.capacity能力；B.pride自豪；C.content內(nèi)容；D.relaxation消遣。根據(jù)“shecouldbe___15___withwhatlittleshehad.”可知，瑪麗為自己的綿薄之力感到自豪。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我意識到，在接受她的禮物時(shí)，我也給了她一些東西——她對自己能慷慨地對待自己僅有的一點(diǎn)東西感到自豪。A.ambitious有雄心的；B.reliable可靠的；C.responsible負(fù)責(zé)的；D.generous慷慨的。begenerouswith在……方面慷慨。根據(jù)上文瑪麗用自己僅有的錢買漢堡推知，瑪麗為自己的慷慨感到自豪。故選D。第二節(jié)（共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinahasdetailedmeasurestoboostitsclimatechangemonitoringandriskpreventioncapabilities,markingasignificantstepforwardinthecountry’sefforts___36___(enhance)itsclimateresilience(氣候適應(yīng)性).Thecountrywillseektobuildaclimate-resilientsociety___37___climatechangemonitoringandearlywarningcapabilitywillreachanadvancedlevelgloballyandtheclimateriskmanagementandpreventionsystemwill___38___basicmature,accordingtothenationalclimatechangeadaptationstrategy2035,jointly___39___(publish)by17departmentsincludingtheMinistryofEcologyandEnvironment.ThefirsttimeChina___40___(issue)anationalclimatechangeadaptationstrategy,Chinatookmeasurestopreventandcontrolmajorclimate-relateddisasterrisks___41___aneffectivemanner,andgreatlyimprovedthetechnicalandstandardsystemforadaptingtoclimatechange.Sincethen,positiveresults___42___(achieve)inimprovingadaptationtoclimatechangeinkeyregionsandindustries.Astheglobalclimate___43___(far)warms,thelong-termunfavorableeffectsandextremeweathereventsbroughtaboutbyclimatechangewillpose___44___increasinglyseriousthreattoChina’seconomicdevelopment.Thedocumentunderlinedmeasurestoimproveclimatechangemonitoringandforecastingservices,enhanceassessmentofclimatechangeimpactsandrisks,and____45____(strength)disasterprevention.【答案】36.toenhance37.where38.basically39.published40.issued41.in42.havebeenachieved43.further44.an45.strengthen【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國已經(jīng)采取了詳細(xì)的措施來提高氣候變化監(jiān)測和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防能力，這標(biāo)志著中國在提高氣候適應(yīng)能力方面邁出了重要的一步?！?6題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：中國已經(jīng)采取了詳細(xì)措施來提高氣候變化監(jiān)測和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防能力，這標(biāo)志著中國在提高氣候適應(yīng)能力方面邁出了重要的一步。非謂語動(dòng)詞擔(dān)當(dāng)名詞effort的后置定語，用不定式。故填toenhance?！?7題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：根據(jù)生態(tài)環(huán)境部等17個(gè)部門聯(lián)合印發(fā)的《國家氣候變化適應(yīng)戰(zhàn)略2035》，要努力建設(shè)氣候變化抗災(zāi)社會(huì)，在這個(gè)社會(huì)中，氣候變化監(jiān)測預(yù)警能力達(dá)到全球先進(jìn)水平，氣候風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理和預(yù)防體系基本成熟。句中先行詞為society，在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where?！?8題詳解】考查副詞。句意：根據(jù)生態(tài)環(huán)境部等17個(gè)部門聯(lián)合印發(fā)的《國家氣候變化適應(yīng)戰(zhàn)略2035》，要努力建設(shè)氣候變化抗災(zāi)社會(huì)，在這個(gè)社會(huì)中，氣候變化監(jiān)測預(yù)警能力達(dá)到全球先進(jìn)水平，氣候風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理和預(yù)防體系基本成熟。修飾形容詞mature，用副詞形式。故填basically?！?9題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：根據(jù)生態(tài)環(huán)境部等17個(gè)部門聯(lián)合印發(fā)的《國家氣候變化適應(yīng)戰(zhàn)略2035》，要努力建設(shè)氣候變化抗災(zāi)社會(huì)，在這個(gè)社會(huì)中，氣候變化監(jiān)測預(yù)警能力達(dá)到全球先進(jìn)水平，氣候風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理和預(yù)防體系基本成熟。修飾詞thenationalclimatechangeadaptationstrate