《安全員》TheSecurity第六章高處作業(yè)安全生產技術Chapter6Safeproductiontechniquesforworkingatheight按照《建筑施工高處作業(yè)安全技術規(guī)范》（JGJ80—91）的規(guī)定，凡在墜落高度基準面2m以上（含2m）有可能墜落的高處進行的作業(yè)均稱為高處作業(yè)。在施工現場高處作業(yè)中，如果未防護，防護不好或作業(yè)不當都可能發(fā)生人或物的墜落。人從高處墜落的事故，稱為高處墜落事故，物體從高處墜落砸著下面的人事故，稱為物體打擊事故。Accordingtotheprovisionsof“thetechnicalcodeforsafetyofworkatheightsinbuildingconstruction”(jgj80-91),anyworkcarriedoutataheight2mabove(including2m)thefallingheightdatumplanethatislikelytofalliscalledworkatheights.Duringhigh-altitudeoperationattheconstructionsite,ifthereisnoprotection,poorprotectionorimproperoperation,peopleorobjectsmayfall.Anaccidentinwhichapersonfallsfromaheightiscalledafallingaccident.Anaccidentinwhichanobjectfallsfromaheightandhitsapersonbelowiscalledanobjectstrikeaccident.第一節(jié)高處作業(yè)的類型Section1Typesofworkatheights根據高處作業(yè)者工作時所處的部位不同，高處作業(yè)墜落事故可分為：臨邊作業(yè)高處墜落事故、洞口作業(yè)高處墜落事故、攀登作業(yè)高處墜落事故、懸空作業(yè)高處墜落事故、操作平臺作業(yè)高處墜落事故、交叉作業(yè)高處墜落事故等。長期以來，預防施工現場高處作業(yè)的高處墜落、物體打擊事故始終是施工安全生產的首要任務。Accordingtothedifferentworkingpositionsofoperatorsatheights,fallingaccidentsatheightscanbedividedinto:fallingaccidentsatedges,fallingaccidentsatopenings,fallingaccidentsatheightsinclimbingoperations,fallingaccidentsatheightsinsuspendedoperations,fallingaccidentsatheightsinoperatingplatforms,fallingaccidentsatheightsincrossoperations,etc.Foralongtime,thepreventionoffallingfromheightandobjectstrikeaccidentsintheconstructionsitehasalwaysbeentheprimarytaskofconstructionsafetyproduction.（1）基坑周邊，無防護的陽臺、料臺與挑平臺等；Surroundingthefoundationpit,unprotectedbalconies,materialplatforms,andcantileverplatforms;（3）無防護的樓梯口和梯段口；Unprotectedstaircasesandflightexits;（2）無防護樓層、樓面周邊；Unprotectedfloorsandsurroundingfloors;1.臨邊作業(yè)

Edgeoperation臨邊作業(yè)是指：施工現場中，工作面邊沿無圍護設施或圍護設施高度低于80cm時的高處作業(yè)。Edgeoperationrefersto：high-altitudeoperationsattheconstructionsitewheretherearenoenclosurefacilitiesalongtheedgeoftheworkingfaceorwhentheheightoftheenclosurefacilitiesislessthan80cm.高處作業(yè)的類型有：Typesofworkatheightsinclude:下列作業(yè)條件屬于臨邊作業(yè)：

Thefollowingoperatingconditionsbelongtoedgeoperations:（5）各種垂直運輸卸料平臺的周邊。Surroundingsofvariousverticaltransportationandunloadingplatforms.（4）井架、施工電梯和腳手架等的通道兩側面；Onbothsidesofthepassageforthemast,constructionelevator,andscaffolding;（1）基坑周邊，無防護的陽臺、料臺與挑平臺等；Surroundingthefoundationpit,unprotectedbalconies,materialplatforms,andcantileverplatforms;（3）無防護的樓梯口和梯段口；Unprotectedstaircasesandflightexits;（2）無防護樓層、樓面周邊；Unprotectedfloorsandsurroundingfloors;1.臨邊作業(yè)

Edgeoperation臨邊作業(yè)是指：施工現場中，工作面邊沿無圍護設施或圍護設施高度低于80cm時的高處作業(yè)。Edgeoperationrefersto：high-altitudeoperationsattheconstructionsitewheretherearenoenclosurefacilitiesalongtheedgeoftheworkingfaceorwhentheheightoftheenclosurefacilitiesislessthan80cm.高處作業(yè)的類型有：Typesofworkatheightsinclude:下列作業(yè)條件屬于臨邊作業(yè)：

Thefollowingoperatingconditionsbelongtoedgeoperations:（5）各種垂直運輸卸料平臺的周邊。Surroundingsofvariousverticaltransportationandunloadingplatforms.（4）井架、施工電梯和腳手架等的通道兩側面；Onbothsidesofthepassageforthemast,constructionelevator,andscaffolding;（1）基坑周邊，無防護的陽臺、料臺與挑平臺等；Surroundingthefoundationpit,unprotectedbalconies,materialplatforms,andcantileverplatforms;（3）無防護的樓梯口和梯段口；Unprotectedstaircasesandflightexits;（2）無防護樓層、樓面周邊；Unprotectedfloorsandsurroundingfloors;1.臨邊作業(yè)

Edgeoperation臨邊作業(yè)是指：施工現場中，工作面邊沿無圍護設施或圍護設施高度低于80cm時的高處作業(yè)。Edgeoperationrefersto：high-altitudeoperationsattheconstructionsitewheretherearenoenclosurefacilitiesalongtheedgeoftheworkingfaceorwhentheheightoftheenclosurefacilitiesislessthan80cm.高處作業(yè)的類型有：Typesofworkatheightsinclude:下列作業(yè)條件屬于臨邊作業(yè)：

Thefollowingoperatingconditionsbelongtoedgeoperations:（5）各種垂直運輸卸料平臺的周邊。Surroundingsofvariousverticaltransportationandunloadingplatforms.（4）井架、施工電梯和腳手架等的通道兩側面；Onbothsidesofthepassageforthemast,constructionelevator,andscaffolding;（1）基坑周邊，無防護的陽臺、料臺與挑平臺等；Surroundingthefoundationpit,unprotectedbalconies,materialplatforms,andcantileverplatforms;（3）無防護的樓梯口和梯段口；Unprotectedstaircasesandflightexits;（2）無防護樓層、樓面周邊；Unprotectedfloorsandsurroundingfloors;1.臨邊作業(yè)

Edgeoperation臨邊作業(yè)是指：施工現場中，工作面邊沿無圍護設施或圍護設施高度低于80cm時的高處作業(yè)。Edgeoperationrefersto：high-altitudeoperationsattheconstructionsitewheretherearenoenclosurefacilitiesalongtheedgeoftheworkingfaceorwhentheheightoftheenclosurefacilitiesislessthan80cm.高處作業(yè)的類型有：Typesofworkatheightsinclude:下列作業(yè)條件屬于臨邊作業(yè)：

Thefollowingoperatingconditionsbelongtoedgeoperations:（5）各種垂直運輸卸料平臺的周邊。Surroundingsofvariousverticaltransportationandunloadingplatforms.（4）井架、施工電梯和腳手架等的通道兩側面；Onbothsidesofthepassageforthemast,constructionelevator,andscaffolding;（1）基坑周邊，無防護的陽臺、料臺與挑平臺等；Surroundingthefoundationpit,unprotectedbalconies,materialplatforms,andcantileverplatforms;（3）無防護的樓梯口和梯段口；Unprotectedstaircasesandflightexits;（2）無防護樓層、樓面周邊；Unprotectedfloorsandsurroundingfloors;1.臨邊作業(yè)

Edgeoperation臨邊作業(yè)是指：施工現場中，工作面邊沿無圍護設施或圍護設施高度低于80cm時的高處作業(yè)。Edgeoperationrefersto：high-altitudeoperationsattheconstructionsitewheretherearenoenclosurefacilitiesalongtheedgeoftheworkingfaceorwhentheheightoftheenclosurefacilitiesislessthan80cm.高處作業(yè)的類型有：Typesofworkatheightsinclude:下列作業(yè)條件屬于臨邊作業(yè)：

Thefollowingoperatingconditionsbelongtoedgeoperations:（5）各種垂直運輸卸料平臺的周邊。Surroundingsofvariousverticaltransportationandunloadingplatforms.（4）井架、施工電梯和腳手架等的通道兩側面；Onbothsidesofthepassageforthemast,constructionelevator,andscaffolding;洞口作業(yè)是指：孔、洞口旁邊的高處作業(yè)，包括施工現場及通道旁深度在2m及2m以上的樁孔、溝槽與管道孔洞等邊沿作業(yè)。

Openingoperationsreferto：high-altitudeoperationsnearholesandopenings,includingedgeoperationssuchaspileholes,trenches,andpipelineholeswithadepthof2mormoreneartheconstructionsiteandpassageways.2.洞口作業(yè)

Openingoperation建筑物的樓梯口、電梯口及設備安裝預留洞口等（在未安裝正式欄桿，門窗等圍護結構時），還有一些施工需要預留的上料口、通道口、施工口等。凡是在2.5cm以上，洞口若沒有防護時，就有造成作業(yè)人員高處墜落的危險；或者若不慎將物體從這些洞口墜落時，還可能造成下面的人員發(fā)生物體打擊事故。

Thereservedopeningsfortheinstallationofstairs,elevators,andequipmentinbuildings(whenformalrailings,doorsandwindows,andotherprotectivestructuresarenotinstalled),aswellassomeloadingports,passageports,andconstructionportsthatneedtobereservedforconstruction.Iftheopeningisabove2.5cmandthereisnoprotection,thereisariskofoperatorsfallingfromheight;Orifanobjectisaccidentallydroppedfromtheseopenings,itmayalsocauseanobjectstrikeaccidentforpersonnelbelow.2.洞口作業(yè)

Openingoperation3.攀登作業(yè)

ClimbingOperations

攀登作業(yè)是指：借助建筑結構或腳手架上的登高設施或采用梯子或其他登高設施在攀登條件下進行的高處作業(yè)。

Climbingoperationsreferto：high-altitudeoperationscarriedoutunderclimbingconditionsusingclimbingfacilitiesonbuildingstructuresorscaffolding,orusingladdersorotherclimbingfacilities.

在建筑物周圍搭拆腳手架、張掛安全網，裝拆塔機、龍門架、井字架、施工電梯、樁架，登高安裝鋼結構構件等作業(yè)都屬于這種作業(yè)。進行攀登作業(yè)時作業(yè)人員由于沒有作業(yè)平臺，只能攀登在可借助物的架子上作業(yè)，要借助一手攀，一只腳勾或用腰繩來保持平衡，身體重心垂線不通過腳下，作業(yè)難度大，危險性大，若有不慎就可能墜落。

Erectinganddismantlingscaffolding,hangingsafetynetsaroundbuildings,installinganddismantlingtowercranes,gantryframes,wellframes,constructionelevators,pileracks,andinstallingsteelstructuralcomponentsatheightsallbelongtothistypeofoperation.Whencarryingoutclimbingoperations,theoperators,duetothelackofaworkplatform,canonlyclimbonashelfwithaccessibleobjects.Theyneedtouseonehandtoclimb,onefoottohook,orawaistropetomaintainbalance.Theverticallineofthebody'scenterofgravitydoesnotpassthroughthefeet,makingtheoperationdifficultanddangerous.Iftheyarenotcareful,theymayfall.懸空作業(yè)是指：在周邊臨空狀態(tài)下進進行高處作業(yè)。其特點是在操作者無立足點或無牢靠立足點條件下進行高處作業(yè)。

Suspendedoperationrefersto:carryingouthigh-altitudeoperationswhilethesurroundingareaisinanairbornestate.Itscharacteristicistoperformhigh-altitudeoperationswhentheoperatorhasnofootholdorasecurefoothold.4.懸空作業(yè)

Suspendedoperation建筑施工中的構件吊裝，利用吊籃進行外裝修，懸挑或懸空梁板、雨棚等特殊部位支拆模板、扎筋、澆砼等項作業(yè)都屬于懸空作業(yè)，由于是在不穩(wěn)定的條件下施工作業(yè)，危險性很大。Theliftingofcomponentsinconstruction,theuseofhangingbasketsforexteriordecoration,andthesupportanddismantlingofformwork,reinforcement,andconcretepouringinspecialpartssuchassuspendedorsuspendedbeamsandslabs,awnings,etc.areallsuspendedoperations.Duetotheunstableconstructionconditions,therisksarehigh.交叉作業(yè)是指：在施工現場的上下不同層次，于空間貫通狀態(tài)下同時進行的高處作業(yè)。現場施工上部搭設腳手架、吊運物料、地面上的人員搬運材料、制作鋼筋，或外墻裝修下面打底抹灰、上面進行面層裝飾等等，都是施工現場的交叉作業(yè)。交叉作業(yè)中，若高處作業(yè)不慎碰掉物料，失手掉下工具或吊運物體散落，都可能砸到下面的作業(yè)人員，發(fā)生物體打擊傷亡事故。Crossoperationrefersto:high-altitudeoperationscarriedoutsimultaneouslyatdifferentlevelsoftheconstructionsite,inastateofspatialcontinuity.Theinstallationofscaffolding,liftingofmaterials,handlingofmaterialsbypersonnelontheground,productionofsteelbars,orbottomplasteringofexteriorwalldecoration,surfacedecorationontop,areallcrossoperationsattheconstructionsite.Incrossoperation,ifmaterialsareaccidentallytouched,toolsaredroppedorobjectsarescatteredduringhigh-altitudeoperations,itmayhittheoperatorsbelow,leadingtobiologicalinjuryanddeathaccidents.5.交叉作業(yè)

cross-operation第二節(jié)高處作業(yè)安全技術要求Section2SafetyTechnicalRequirementsforHighAltitudeOperations（1）高處作業(yè)的安全技術措施及其所需料具，必須列入工程的施工組織設計。(1)Thesafetytechnicalmeasuresandrequiredmaterialsandtoolsforhigh-altitudeoperationsmustbeincludedintheconstructionorganizationdesignoftheproject.（3）高處作業(yè)中的安全標志、工具、儀表、電氣設施和各種設備，必須在施工前加以檢查，確認其完好，方能投入使用。(3)Safetysigns,tools,instruments,electricalfacilities,andvariousequipmentusedinhigh-altitudeoperationsmustbeinspectedandconfirmedtobeingoodconditionbeforetheycanbeputintouse.（2）單位工程施工負責人應對工程的高處作業(yè)安全技術負責并建立相應的責任制。施工前，應逐級進行安全技術教育及交底，落實所有安全技術措施和人身防護用品，未經落實時不得進行施工。(2)Thepersoninchargeofunitengineeringconstructionshallberesponsibleforthesafetytechnologyofhigh-altitudeoperationsintheprojectandestablishacorrespondingresponsibilitysystem.Beforeconstruction,safetytechnicaleducationanddisclosureshouldbecarriedoutstepbystep,andallsafetytechnicalmeasuresandpersonalprotectiveequipmentshouldbeimplemented.Constructionshouldnotbecarriedoutwithoutapproval.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions（1）高處作業(yè)的安全技術措施及其所需料具，必須列入工程的施工組織設計。(1)Thesafetytechnicalmeasuresandrequiredmaterialsandtoolsforhigh-altitudeoperationsmustbeincludedintheconstructionorganizationdesignoftheproject.（3）高處作業(yè)中的安全標志、工具、儀表、電氣設施和各種設備，必須在施工前加以檢查，確認其完好，方能投入使用。(3)Safetysigns,tools,instruments,electricalfacilities,andvariousequipmentusedinhigh-altitudeoperationsmustbeinspectedandconfirmedtobeingoodconditionbeforetheycanbeputintouse.（2）單位工程施工負責人應對工程的高處作業(yè)安全技術負責并建立相應的責任制。施工前，應逐級進行安全技術教育及交底，落實所有安全技術措施和人身防護用品，未經落實時不得進行施工。(2)Thepersoninchargeofunitengineeringconstructionshallberesponsibleforthesafetytechnologyofhigh-altitudeoperationsintheprojectandestablishacorrespondingresponsibilitysystem.Beforeconstruction,safetytechnicaleducationanddisclosureshouldbecarriedoutstepbystep,andallsafetytechnicalmeasuresandpersonalprotectiveequipmentshouldbeimplemented.Constructionshouldnotbecarriedoutwithoutapproval.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions（1）高處作業(yè)的安全技術措施及其所需料具，必須列入工程的施工組織設計。(1)Thesafetytechnicalmeasuresandrequiredmaterialsandtoolsforhigh-altitudeoperationsmustbeincludedintheconstructionorganizationdesignoftheproject.（3）高處作業(yè)中的安全標志、工具、儀表、電氣設施和各種設備，必須在施工前加以檢查，確認其完好，方能投入使用。(3)Safetysigns,tools,instruments,electricalfacilities,andvariousequipmentusedinhigh-altitudeoperationsmustbeinspectedandconfirmedtobeingoodconditionbeforetheycanbeputintouse.（2）單位工程施工負責人應對工程的高處作業(yè)安全技術負責并建立相應的責任制。施工前，應逐級進行安全技術教育及交底，落實所有安全技術措施和人身防護用品，未經落實時不得進行施工。(2)Thepersoninchargeofunitengineeringconstructionshallberesponsibleforthesafetytechnologyofhigh-altitudeoperationsintheprojectandestablishacorrespondingresponsibilitysystem.Beforeconstruction,safetytechnicaleducationanddisclosureshouldbecarriedoutstepbystep,andallsafetytechnicalmeasuresandpersonalprotectiveequipmentshouldbeimplemented.Constructionshouldnotbecarriedoutwithoutapproval.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions（4）攀登和懸空高處作業(yè)人員及搭設高處作業(yè)安全設施的人員，必須經過專業(yè)技術培訓及專業(yè)考試合格，持證上崗，并必須定期進行體格檢查。(4)Climbingandhanginghighplaceoperatorsandthosewhoerectsafetyfacilitiesforhighplaceoperationsmustreceiveprofessionaltechnicaltrainingandpassprofessionalexaminations,takeuptheirpostswithcertificates,andmustundergoregularphysicalexamination.（6）施工作業(yè)場所有墜落可能的物件，應一律先行撤除或加以固定。(6)Allpotentialfallingobjectsontheconstructionsiteshouldberemovedorfixedfirst.（5）施工中對高處作業(yè)的安全技術設施，發(fā)現有缺陷和隱患時，必須及時解決；危及人身安全時，必須停止作業(yè)。(5)Whendefectsandhiddendangersarefoundinthesafetytechnicalfacilitiesforhigh-altitudeoperationsduringconstruction,theymustbepromptlyresolved;Whenendangeringpersonalsafety,operationsmustbestopped.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions（4）攀登和懸空高處作業(yè)人員及搭設高處作業(yè)安全設施的人員，必須經過專業(yè)技術培訓及專業(yè)考試合格，持證上崗，并必須定期進行體格檢查。(4)Climbingandhanginghighplaceoperatorsandthosewhoerectsafetyfacilitiesforhighplaceoperationsmustreceiveprofessionaltechnicaltrainingandpassprofessionalexaminations,takeuptheirpostswithcertificates,andmustundergoregularphysicalexamination.（6）施工作業(yè)場所有墜落可能的物件，應一律先行撤除或加以固定。(6)Allpotentialfallingobjectsontheconstructionsiteshouldberemovedorfixedfirst.（5）施工中對高處作業(yè)的安全技術設施，發(fā)現有缺陷和隱患時，必須及時解決；危及人身安全時，必須停止作業(yè)。(5)Whendefectsandhiddendangersarefoundinthesafetytechnicalfacilitiesforhigh-altitudeoperationsduringconstruction,theymustbepromptlyresolved;Whenendangeringpersonalsafety,operationsmustbestopped.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions（4）攀登和懸空高處作業(yè)人員及搭設高處作業(yè)安全設施的人員，必須經過專業(yè)技術培訓及專業(yè)考試合格，持證上崗，并必須定期進行體格檢查。(4)Climbingandhanginghighplaceoperatorsandthosewhoerectsafetyfacilitiesforhighplaceoperationsmustreceiveprofessionaltechnicaltrainingandpassprofessionalexaminations,takeuptheirpostswithcertificates,andmustundergoregularphysicalexamination.（6）施工作業(yè)場所有墜落可能的物件，應一律先行撤除或加以固定。(6)Allpotentialfallingobjectsontheconstructionsiteshouldberemovedorfixedfirst.（5）施工中對高處作業(yè)的安全技術設施，發(fā)現有缺陷和隱患時，必須及時解決；危及人身安全時，必須停止作業(yè)。(5)Whendefectsandhiddendangersarefoundinthesafetytechnicalfacilitiesforhigh-altitudeoperationsduringconstruction,theymustbepromptlyresolved;Whenendangeringpersonalsafety,operationsmustbestopped.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions高處作業(yè)中所用的物料，均應堆放平穩(wěn)，不妨礙通行和裝卸。工具應隨手放入工具袋；作業(yè)中的走道、通道板和登高用具，應隨時清掃干凈；拆卸下的物件及余料和廢料均應及時清理運走，不得任意亂置或向下丟棄。傳遞物件禁止拋擲。Materialsusedinhigh-altitudeoperationsshouldbestackedsteadilyandnotobstructpassageandloadingandunloading.Toolsshouldbeeasilyplacedinthetoolbag;Thewalkways,passageboards,andclimbingequipmentduringhomeworkshouldbecleanedatalltimes;Thedismantledobjects,surplusmaterials,andwastematerialsshouldbepromptlycleanedandtransportedaway,andshouldnotbearbitrarilyplacedordiscardeddownwards.Itisprohibitedtothrowobjectsduringtransmission.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions（7）雨天和雪天進行高處作業(yè)時，必須采取可靠的防滑、防寒和防凍措施。凡水、冰、霜、雪均應及時清除。(7)Whenconductinghigh-altitudeoperationsonrainyandsnowydays,reliableantislip,cold,andfreezingmeasuresmustbetaken.Allwater,ice,frost,andsnowshouldbepromptlyremoved.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions對進行高處作業(yè)的高聳建筑物，應事先設置避雷設施。遇有六級以上強風、濃霧等惡劣氣候，不得進行露天攀登與懸空高處作業(yè)。暴風雪及臺風暴雨后，應對高處作業(yè)安全設施逐一加以檢查，發(fā)現有松動、變形、損壞或脫落等現象，應立即修理完善。Forhigh-risebuildingsconductinghigh-altitudeoperations,lightningprotectionfacilitiesshouldbeinstalledinadvance.Incaseofsevereweatherconditionssuchasstrongwindsofforcesixorabove,densefog,etc.,outdoorclimbingandsuspendedhigh-altitudeoperationsarenotallowed.Aftersnowstormandtyphoon,thesafetyfacilitiesforworkatheightsshallbecheckedonebyone,andanylooseness,deformation,damageorfallingoffshallberepairedandimprovedimmediately.（8）因作業(yè)必需臨時拆除或變動安全防護設施時，必須經施工負責人同意，并采取相應的可靠措施，作業(yè)后應立即恢復。(8)Whenitisnecessarytotemporarilydismantleorchangesafetyprotectionfacilitiesduetowork,theconsentoftheconstructionleadermustbeobtained,andcorrespondingreliablemeasuresmustbetaken.Afterthework,itshouldbeimmediatelyrestored.（10）高處作業(yè)安全設施的主要受力桿件，力學計算按一般結構力學公式，強度及撓度計算按現行有關規(guī)范進行，但鋼受彎構件的強度計算不考慮塑性影響，構造上應符合現行的相應規(guī)范的要求。(10)Themechanicalcalculationofthemainload-bearingbarsofthesafetyfacilitiesforworkatheightsshallbecarriedoutaccordingtothegeneralStructuralmechanicsformula,andthestrengthanddeflectioncalculationshallbecarriedoutaccordingtothecurrentrelevantspecifications,butthestrengthcalculationofthesteelflexuralmembersshallnotconsidertheplasticeffect,andthestructureshallmeettherequirementsofthecurrentcorrespondingspecifications.（9）防護棚搭設與拆除時，應設警戒區(qū)，并應派專人監(jiān)護。嚴禁上下同時拆除。(9)Whensettingupanddismantlingprotectivesheds,awarningareashouldbesetupandadedicatedpersonshouldbeassignedtosupervise.Itisstrictlyprohibitedtodismantlebothupanddownsimultaneously.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions（8）因作業(yè)必需臨時拆除或變動安全防護設施時，必須經施工負責人同意，并采取相應的可靠措施，作業(yè)后應立即恢復。(8)Whenitisnecessarytotemporarilydismantleorchangesafetyprotectionfacilitiesduetowork,theconsentoftheconstructionleadermustbeobtained,andcorrespondingreliablemeasuresmustbetaken.Afterthework,itshouldbeimmediatelyrestored.（10）高處作業(yè)安全設施的主要受力桿件，力學計算按一般結構力學公式，強度及撓度計算按現行有關規(guī)范進行，但鋼受彎構件的強度計算不考慮塑性影響，構造上應符合現行的相應規(guī)范的要求。(10)Themechanicalcalculationofthemainload-bearingbarsofthesafetyfacilitiesforworkatheightsshallbecarriedoutaccordingtothegeneralStructuralmechanicsformula,andthestrengthanddeflectioncalculationshallbecarriedoutaccordingtothecurrentrelevantspecifications,butthestrengthcalculationofthesteelflexuralmembersshallnotconsidertheplasticeffect,andthestructureshallmeettherequirementsofthecurrentcorrespondingspecifications.（9）防護棚搭設與拆除時，應設警戒區(qū)，并應派專人監(jiān)護。嚴禁上下同時拆除。(9)Whensettingupanddismantlingprotectivesheds,awarningareashouldbesetupandadedicatedpersonshouldbeassignedtosupervise.Itisstrictlyprohibitedtodismantlebothupanddownsimultaneously.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions（8）因作業(yè)必需臨時拆除或變動安全防護設施時，必須經施工負責人同意，并采取相應的可靠措施，作業(yè)后應立即恢復。(8)Whenitisnecessarytotemporarilydismantleorchangesafetyprotectionfacilitiesduetowork,theconsentoftheconstructionleadermustbeobtained,andcorrespondingreliablemeasuresmustbetaken.Afterthework,itshouldbeimmediatelyrestored.（10）高處作業(yè)安全設施的主要受力桿件，力學計算按一般結構力學公式，強度及撓度計算按現行有關規(guī)范進行，但鋼受彎構件的強度計算不考慮塑性影響，構造上應符合現行的相應規(guī)范的要求。(10)Themechanicalcalculationofthemainload-bearingbarsofthesafetyfacilitiesforworkatheightsshallbecarriedoutaccordingtothegeneralStructuralmechanicsformula,andthestrengthanddeflectioncalculationshallbecarriedoutaccordingtothecurrentrelevantspecifications,butthestrengthcalculationofthesteelflexuralmembersshallnotconsidertheplasticeffect,andthestructureshallmeettherequirementsofthecurrentcorrespondingspecifications.（9）防護棚搭設與拆除時，應設警戒區(qū)，并應派專人監(jiān)護。嚴禁上下同時拆除。(9)Whensettingupanddismantlingprotectivesheds,awarningareashouldbesetupandadedicatedpersonshouldbeassignedtosupervise.Itisstrictlyprohibitedtodismantlebothupanddownsimultaneously.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions（1）基坑周邊，尚未安裝欄桿或欄板的陽臺、料臺與挑平臺周邊，雨篷與挑檐邊，無外腳手的屋面與樓層周邊及水箱與水塔周邊等處，都必須設置防護欄桿。(1)Protectiverailingsmustbeprovidedaroundtheperimeterofthepit,aroundbalconies,materialplatformsandpicketplatformswhererailingsorbalustradeshavenotbeeninstalled,aroundcanopiesandeaves,aroundroofsandfloorswithoutexternalhandrailsandaroundwatertanksandtowers.（3）分層施工的樓梯口和梯段邊，必須安裝臨時護欄。頂層樓梯口應隨工程結構進度安裝正式防護欄桿。(3)Temporaryguardrailsmustbeinstalledatthestaircaseentrancesandflightedgesduringlayeredconstruction.Thetopstaircaseshouldbeequippedwithformalprotectiverailingsastheengineeringstructureprogresses.（2）頭層墻高度超過3.2m的二層樓面周邊，以及無外腳手的高度超過3.2m的樓層周邊，必須在外圍架設安全平網一道。(2)Asafetynetmustbeinstalledaroundtheperimeterofthesecondfloorwheretheheightofthefirstfloorwallexceeds3.2m,andaroundtheperimeterofthefloorwheretherearenoexternalscaffoldingandtheheightexceeds3.2m.二、臨邊與洞口作業(yè)的安全防護2、Safetyprotectionforedgeandportaloperations1.臨邊作業(yè)1.Edgeoperation對臨邊高處作業(yè)，必須設置防護措施，并符合下列規(guī)定：Forhigh-altitudeoperationsneartheedge,protectivemeasuresmustbesetupandcomplywiththefollowingregulations:（1）基坑周邊，尚未安裝欄桿或欄板的陽臺、料臺與挑平臺周邊，雨篷與挑檐邊，無外腳手的屋面與樓層周邊及水箱與水塔周邊等處，都必須設置防護欄桿。(1)Protectiverailingsmustbeprovidedaroundtheperimeterofthepit,aroundbalconies,materialplatformsandpicketplatformswhererailingsorbalustradeshavenotbeeninstalled,aroundcanopiesandeaves,aroundroofsandfloorswithoutexternalhandrailsandaroundwatertanksandtowers.（3）分層施工的樓梯口和梯段邊，必須安裝臨時護欄。頂層樓梯口應隨工程結構進度安裝正式防護欄桿。(3)Temporaryguardrailsmustbeinstalledatthestaircaseentrancesandflightedgesduringlayeredconstruction.Thetopstaircaseshouldbeequippedwithformalprotectiverailingsastheengineeringstructureprogresses.（2）頭層墻高度超過3.2m的二層樓面周邊，以及無外腳手的高度超過3.2m的樓層周邊，必須在外圍架設安全平網一道。(2)Asafetynetmustbeinstalledaroundtheperimeterofthesecondfloorwheretheheightofthefirstfloorwallexceeds3.2m,andaroundtheperimeterofthefloorwheretherearenoexternalscaffoldingandtheheightexceeds3.2m.二、臨邊與洞口作業(yè)的安全防護2、Safetyprotectionforedgeandportaloperations1.臨邊作業(yè)1.Edgeoperation對臨邊高處作業(yè)，必須設置防護措施，并符合下列規(guī)定：Forhigh-altitudeoperationsneartheedge,protectivemeasuresmustbesetupandcomplywiththefollowingregulations:（1）基坑周邊，尚未安裝欄桿或欄板的陽臺、料臺與挑平臺周邊，雨篷與挑檐邊，無外腳手的屋面與樓層周邊及水箱與水塔周邊等處，都必須設置防護欄桿。(1)Protectiverailingsmustbeprovidedaroundtheperimeterofthepit,aroundbalconies,materialplatformsandpicketplatformswhererailingsorbalustradeshavenotbeeninstalled,aroundcanopiesandeaves,aroundroofsandfloorswithoutexternalhandrailsandaroundwatertanksandtowers.（3）分層施工的樓梯口和梯段邊，必須安裝臨時護欄。頂層樓梯口應隨工程結構進度安裝正式防護欄桿。(3)Temporaryguardrailsmustbeinstalledatthestaircaseentrancesandflightedgesduringlayeredconstruction.Thetopstaircaseshouldbeequippedwithformalprotectiverailingsastheengineeringstructureprogresses.（2）頭層墻高度超過3.2m的二層樓面周邊，以及無外腳手的高度超過3.2m的樓層周邊，必須在外圍架設安全平網一道。(2)Asafetynetmustbeinstalledaroundtheperimeterofthesecondfloorwheretheheightofthefirstfloorwallexceeds3.2m,andaroundtheperimeterofthefloorwheretherearenoexternalscaffoldingandtheheightexceeds3.2m.二、臨邊與洞口作業(yè)的安全防護2、Safetyprotectionforedgeandportaloperations1.臨邊作業(yè)1.Edgeoperation對臨邊高處作業(yè)，必須設置防護措施，并符合下列規(guī)定：Forhigh-altitudeoperationsneartheedge,protectivemeasuresmustbesetupandcomplywiththefollowingregulations:（4）井架與施工用電梯和腳手架等與建筑物通道的兩側邊，必須設防護欄桿。地面通道上部應裝設安全防護棚。雙籠井架通道中間，應予分隔封閉。(4)Thesidesofthederricksandconstructionliftsandscaffolding,etc.andbuildingaccessmustbeequippedwithprotectiverailings.Theupperpartofthegroundchannelshouldbeequippedwithasafetyshed.Themiddleofthepassageofthedoublecagederrickshallbeseparatedandclosed.（5）各種垂直運輸接料平臺，除兩側設防護欄桿外，平臺口還應設置安全門或活動防護欄桿。(5)Variousverticaltransportationandmaterialreceivingplatformsshouldbeequippedwithsafetydoorsormovableprotectiverailingsattheplatformentrance,inadditiontoprotectiveguardrailsonbothsides.二、臨邊與洞口作業(yè)的安全防護2、Safetyprotectionforedgeandportaloperations1.臨邊作業(yè)1.Edgeoperation對臨邊高處作業(yè)，必須設置防護措施，并符合下列規(guī)定：Forhigh-altitudeoperationsneartheedge,protectivemeasuresmustbesetupandcomplywiththefollowingregulations:（4）井架與施工用電梯和腳手架等與建筑物通道的兩側邊，必須設防護欄桿。地面通道上部應裝設安全防護棚。雙籠井架通道中間，應予分隔封閉。(4)Thesidesofthederricksandconstructionliftsandscaffolding,etc.andbuildingaccessmustbeequippedwithprotectiverailings.Theupperpartofthegroundchannelshouldbeequippedwithasafetyshed.Themiddleofthepassageofthedoublecagederrickshallbeseparatedandclosed.（5）各種垂直運輸接料平臺，除兩側設防護欄桿外，平臺口還應設置安全門或活動防護欄桿。(5)Variousverticaltransportationandmaterialreceivingplatformsshouldbeequippedwithsafetydoorsormovableprotectiverailingsattheplatformentrance,inadditiontoprotectiveguardrailsonbothsides.二、臨邊與洞口作業(yè)的安全防護2、Safetyprotectionforedgeandportaloperations1.臨邊作業(yè)1.Edgeoperation對臨邊高處作業(yè)，必須設置防護措施，并符合下列規(guī)定：Forhigh-altitudeoperationsneartheedge,protectivemeasuresmustbesetupandcomplywiththefollowingregulations:臨邊防護欄桿桿件的規(guī)格及連接要求，應符合下列規(guī)定：Thespecificationsandconnectionrequirementsoftheedgeprotectionrailingpostsshallbeinaccordancewiththefollowingprovisions:1）毛竹橫桿小頭有效直徑不應小于70mm，欄桿柱小頭直徑不應小于80mm，并須用不小于16號的鍍鋅鋼絲綁扎，不應少于3圈，并無瀉滑。1)Theeffectivediameterofthesmallendofthebamboocrossbarshouldnotbelessthan70mm,andthediameterofthesmallendoftherailingcolumnshouldnotbelessthan80mm.Itmustbeboundwithgalvanizedsteelwireofnolessthan16gauge,andshouldnotbelessthan3turns,withoutanyslipping.2）原木橫桿上桿梢徑不應小于70mm，下桿稍徑不應小于60mm，欄桿柱梢徑不應小于75mm.并須用相應長度的圓釘釘緊，或用不小于12號的鍍鋅鋼絲綁扎，要求表面平順和穩(wěn)固無動搖。2)Thetopdiameterofthelogcrossbarshouldnotbelessthan70mm,thelowerdiametershouldnotbelessthan60mm,andthetopdiameteroftherailingcolumnshouldnotbelessthan75mm.Itmustbenailedtightlywithcorrespondinglengthcircularnailsortiedwithgalvanizedsteelwireofnolessthan12gauge,andthesurfaceshouldbesmoothandstablewithoutshaking.3）鋼筋橫桿上桿直徑不應小于16mm，下桿直徑不應小于14mm。鋼管橫桿及欄桿柱直徑不應小于18mm，采用電焊或鍍鋅鋼絲綁孔固定。3)Thediameteroftheupperbarofthesteelbarcrossbarshouldnotbelessthan16mm,andthediameterofthelowerbarshouldnotbelessthan14mm.Thediameterofthesteelpipecrossbarandrailingcolumnshouldnotbelessthan18mm,andtheyshouldbefixedwithelectricweldingorgalvanizedsteelwirebindingholes.（1）板與墻的洞口，必須設置牢固的蓋板、防護欄桿、安全網或其他防墜落的防護設施。(1)Holesinslabsa